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一、阅读短文，选择最佳答案。
【文化意识·理解各国文化内涵】
Everyone has a family name. In China, the family name comes first. But in English-speaking countries, the family name comes last. Do you know how English people get their family names? And what do their family names mean? English people usually get their family names in these ways（方式）.
Some family names come from the places of their homes. If（如果）a man lives on or near a hill, his family name may be（可能是）Hill. In England, people's family names may be Wood, Lake because they live near the wood or the lake.
Some family names come from a person's job. If a person is a cook, who works in a restaurant（饭店）and cooks food for the guests, his family name may be Cook.
And many people get their family names from their fathers' family names. If you hear the family name "Jackson", you can know that he is the son of Jack.
（
A. two B. three
C. four D. five
（
A. Hill. B. Wood.
C. Lake. D. Cook.
（
A. 厨师 B. 厨具
C. 姓名 D. 家乡
（
A. Jack's father
B. Jack's best friend
C. the grandfather of Jack
D. the son of Jack
（
A. family names
B. English people
C. hills and lakes
D. jobs and homes
【文化意识·理解各国文化内涵】
Everyone has a family name. In China, the family name comes first. But in English-speaking countries, the family name comes last. Do you know how English people get their family names? And what do their family names mean? English people usually get their family names in these ways（方式）.
Some family names come from the places of their homes. If（如果）a man lives on or near a hill, his family name may be（可能是）Hill. In England, people's family names may be Wood, Lake because they live near the wood or the lake.
Some family names come from a person's job. If a person is a cook, who works in a restaurant（饭店）and cooks food for the guests, his family name may be Cook.
And many people get their family names from their fathers' family names. If you hear the family name "Jackson", you can know that he is the son of Jack.
（
B
）1. English people usually have B
ways to get their family names according to the passage.A. two B. three
C. four D. five
（
C
）2. A man lives near the lake. What may his family name be?A. Hill. B. Wood.
C. Lake. D. Cook.
（
A
）3.【新考法·词义猜测】What does the underlined（画线的）word "cook" mean in Chinese?A. 厨师 B. 厨具
C. 姓名 D. 家乡
（
D
）4. A boy's family name is Jackson because he is D
.A. Jack's father
B. Jack's best friend
C. the grandfather of Jack
D. the son of Jack
（
A
）5. The passage is mainly about A
in English-speaking countries.A. family names
B. English people
C. hills and lakes
D. jobs and homes
答案
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. A
解析
【分析】
这是一篇关于英语国家姓氏来源的阅读理解题，共5道题，分别考查细节理解、词义猜测和主旨大意。解题思路为：每道题需回到原文定位对应信息，逐一比对选项得出答案；第1题统计姓氏来源的方式数量，第2题定位居住环境对应的姓氏，第3题结合上下文猜测词义，第4题定位特定姓氏的含义，第5题归纳文章核心内容。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：通读原文，第二段提到姓氏可来自家的位置，第三段提到来自职业，第四段提到来自父亲的姓氏，共3种方式，故选B。
2. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段“In England, people's family names may be Wood, Lake because they live near the wood or the lake.”可知，住在湖附近的人可能姓Lake，故选C。
3. 词义猜测题：根据原文“a cook, who works in a restaurant and cooks food for the guests”，可知cook是在饭店做饭的人，即“厨师”，故选A。
4. 细节理解题：根据原文第四段“If you hear the family name "Jackson", you can know that he is the son of Jack.”可知，Jackson是Jack的儿子，故选D。
5. 主旨大意题：全文围绕英语国家人的姓氏来源展开，故选A。
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.A
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解、词义猜测
【点评】
本题为英语阅读理解基础题型，涵盖多种常见考点，要求学生具备快速定位原文信息的能力，难度适中，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.6
这是一篇关于英语国家姓氏来源的阅读理解题，共5道题，分别考查细节理解、词义猜测和主旨大意。解题思路为：每道题需回到原文定位对应信息，逐一比对选项得出答案；第1题统计姓氏来源的方式数量，第2题定位居住环境对应的姓氏，第3题结合上下文猜测词义，第4题定位特定姓氏的含义，第5题归纳文章核心内容。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：通读原文，第二段提到姓氏可来自家的位置，第三段提到来自职业，第四段提到来自父亲的姓氏，共3种方式，故选B。
2. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段“In England, people's family names may be Wood, Lake because they live near the wood or the lake.”可知，住在湖附近的人可能姓Lake，故选C。
3. 词义猜测题：根据原文“a cook, who works in a restaurant and cooks food for the guests”，可知cook是在饭店做饭的人，即“厨师”，故选A。
4. 细节理解题：根据原文第四段“If you hear the family name "Jackson", you can know that he is the son of Jack.”可知，Jackson是Jack的儿子，故选D。
5. 主旨大意题：全文围绕英语国家人的姓氏来源展开，故选A。
【答案】
1.B 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.A
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解、词义猜测
【点评】
本题为英语阅读理解基础题型，涵盖多种常见考点，要求学生具备快速定位原文信息的能力，难度适中，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.6
