用所给单词的适当形式完成下面语段
1. The climber was trapped in the storm and felt completely . Just when he almost gave up, he saw the rescue team in the distance and became again. He waved his arms to catch their attention. (hope)
2. Factories that the river with chemical waste have made the once clear water dark and dirty. This kind of is extremely harmful to fish and plants in the river, and we should try our best to clean the areas as soon as possible. (pollute)

1. hopeless; hopeful; hopefully 2. pollute; pollution; polluted

【分析】
本题考查英语单词的词性转换，需结合句子结构、语境确定每个空所需的词性：1. 第一组用hope的适当形式：①系动词felt后需形容词，结合“被困风暴”的语境，填表“绝望的”形式；②系动词became后需形容词，结合“看到救援队”的语境，填表“有希望的”形式；③修饰动词waved需副词，填对应副词形式。2. 第二组用pollute的适当形式：①定语从句中作谓语，主语factories为复数，填动词原形；②this kind of后需名词，填对应名词形式；③修饰名词areas需形容词，填对应形容词形式。
【解析】
1. 第一空：系动词felt后接形容词，根据“被困风暴”的语境，用hope的否定形容词hopeless；第二空：系动词became后接形容词，根据“看到救援队”的语境，用hope的肯定形容词hopeful；第三空：修饰动词waved需副词，用hope的副词形式hopefully。
2. 第一空：定语从句中缺少谓语，主语factories是复数，用pollute的动词原形pollute；第二空：this kind of后接名词，用pollute的名词形式pollution；第三空：修饰名词areas需形容词，用pollute的过去分词转化的形容词polluted。
【答案】
1. hopeless; hopeful; hopefully 2. pollute; pollution; polluted
【知识点】
英语词性转换、词汇适当形式填空
【点评】
本题为基础词汇词性转换题，考查hope和pollute的不同词性形式在具体语境中的运用，需学生掌握不同词性的用法及变化规则，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.4

1. tie
①She tied her shoelaces(鞋带) carefully before running.
② He wore a red tie to attend his cousin's wedding.
③My mom tied the bag tightly so I could carry it easily.
A. n. 领带 B. v. 系,扎,拴,捆
2. name
①Can you name a day that's good for all of us to visit the museum?
②Getting people's names right shows respect.
③We named our pet fish Sunny because it swims happily in the sun.
④The headteacher named Jack to organize the charity event.
A. n. 名字
B. v. 给……命名
C. v. 确定;说定
D. v. 任命
3. litter
①There's too much litter in the park—we should clean it up.
②It's bad manners to drop litter in the library.
③Don't litter paper in the classroom—put it in the trash bin.
A. n. 垃圾
B. v. 乱扔
4. average
①The average score of our class is 85 points.
②He's just an average boy with many friends.
③The average of 4, 5 and 9 is 6.
A. n. 平均数
B. adj. 平均的
C. adj. 普通的

1. BAB 2. CABD 3. AAB 4. BCA

【分析】本题考查英语常见单词的一词多义及词性辨析，解题思路是结合每个句子的语境，判断划线单词的词性和具体含义，再匹配对应的选项，逐一完成每个小题的作答。
【解析】
1. 分析tie的用法：
①句中tied为动词过去式，意为“系、扎”，对应选项B；
②句中tie为名词，意为“领带”，对应选项A；
③句中tied为动词过去式，意为“捆、系”，对应选项B；故答案为BAB。
2. 分析name的用法：
①句中name为动词，意为“确定、说定（日期）”，对应选项C；
②句中names为名词，意为“名字”，对应选项A；
③句中named为动词过去式，意为“给……命名”，对应选项B；
④句中named为动词过去式，意为“任命”，对应选项D；故答案为CABD。
3. 分析litter的用法：
①句中litter为名词，意为“垃圾”，对应选项A；
②句中litter为名词，意为“垃圾”，对应选项A；
③句中litter为动词，意为“乱扔”，对应选项B；故答案为AAB。
4. 分析average的用法：
①句中average为形容词，意为“平均的”，对应选项B；
②句中average为形容词，意为“普通的”，对应选项C；
③句中average为名词，意为“平均数”，对应选项A；故答案为BCA。
【答案】BAB CABD AAB BCA
【知识点】英语一词多义、词汇词性辨析、语境词义判断
【点评】本题围绕常见英语单词的不同词性及词义设置，通过具体句子考查学生对词汇的灵活运用能力，属于基础词汇辨析题，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6