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四、阅读理解
A long time ago, the world was very cold. Ice covered most of the land. This cold time lasted millions of years and was called an ice age. The last ice age ended around 10 000 years ago. The earth slowly warmed up and much of the ice melted.
Sometimes, a big piece of ice breaks off (断裂) from an ice shelf. It falls into the ocean and floats (漂浮) away. This is an iceberg (冰山). An iceberg may look small, but in fact, it is very big. Only a small part of it can be seen above the water.
Most of the iceberg is underwater, out of sight. Between one seventh and one tenth of an iceberg can be seen above the water. This makes it dangerous to shipping.
In March 2000, an iceberg named B-15 broke off from an ice shelf in Antarctica (南极洲). It was 295 kilometres long and covered an area six times the size of Greater London.
Smaller parts of B-15 were still being tracked (追踪) after it broke away from the ice shelf. Those parts melted as the icebergs moved into warmer water.
Icebergs can be very dangerous. In 1912, a large passenger ship called the Titanic was sailing from England to New York when it hit an iceberg in the North Atlantic Ocean. It fell to the bottom (底部) of the ocean and 1 500 people lost their lives.
Today, scientists mainly use radar and satellite (卫星) pictures to track the paths of icebergs. Sometimes ships such as icebreakers (破冰船) work with helicopters (直升机) on iceberg patrols (巡逻). They make sure that there are no icebergs around that can do harm to passing ships. Helicopters fly out over the sea and locate (定位) all the icebergs they can find. As an iceberg floats along, the wind and the weather can carve the ice into strange shapes.
Icebergs are made of fresh water. Some scientists believe that one day it will be possible to make use of them to get drinking water for dry parts of the world. If all the ice on earth melted, the sea level (海平面) would rise by about sixty metres. If there was another ice age, more water would freeze and the sea level would fall.
At the moment, sea levels are rising at about three millimetres every year. This is believed to be because of the warming of the earth's climate. Melting ice and rising sea levels also have an effect on areas far away from the frozen areas.
() 1. What does the underlined word "freeze" mean in this passage?
A. Turn to ice. B. Mix with ice. C. Stop moving. D. Break off.
( ) 2. The sentence "Some icebergs, especially (尤其) in the Antarctic, can be very huge." can be best put at the beginning of ______ .
A. Paragraph 2 B. Paragraph 3 C. Paragraph 4 D. Paragraph 5
() 3. The writer mentioned the Titanic .
A. to tell what icebergs are made of
B. to tell where icebergs can be found
C. to show how dangerous icebergs are
D. to guess why icebergs are in strange shapes
() 4. What can we learn about icebergs?
A. Most parts of the icebergs can be seen easily.
B. The sea level would fall a lot if the icebergs on earth melt.
C. It is easy for people to get drinking water from icebergs now.
D. Scientists have some ways to help ships keep away from icebergs.
A long time ago, the world was very cold. Ice covered most of the land. This cold time lasted millions of years and was called an ice age. The last ice age ended around 10 000 years ago. The earth slowly warmed up and much of the ice melted.
Sometimes, a big piece of ice breaks off (断裂) from an ice shelf. It falls into the ocean and floats (漂浮) away. This is an iceberg (冰山). An iceberg may look small, but in fact, it is very big. Only a small part of it can be seen above the water.
Most of the iceberg is underwater, out of sight. Between one seventh and one tenth of an iceberg can be seen above the water. This makes it dangerous to shipping.
In March 2000, an iceberg named B-15 broke off from an ice shelf in Antarctica (南极洲). It was 295 kilometres long and covered an area six times the size of Greater London.
Smaller parts of B-15 were still being tracked (追踪) after it broke away from the ice shelf. Those parts melted as the icebergs moved into warmer water.
Icebergs can be very dangerous. In 1912, a large passenger ship called the Titanic was sailing from England to New York when it hit an iceberg in the North Atlantic Ocean. It fell to the bottom (底部) of the ocean and 1 500 people lost their lives.
Today, scientists mainly use radar and satellite (卫星) pictures to track the paths of icebergs. Sometimes ships such as icebreakers (破冰船) work with helicopters (直升机) on iceberg patrols (巡逻). They make sure that there are no icebergs around that can do harm to passing ships. Helicopters fly out over the sea and locate (定位) all the icebergs they can find. As an iceberg floats along, the wind and the weather can carve the ice into strange shapes.
Icebergs are made of fresh water. Some scientists believe that one day it will be possible to make use of them to get drinking water for dry parts of the world. If all the ice on earth melted, the sea level (海平面) would rise by about sixty metres. If there was another ice age, more water would freeze and the sea level would fall.
At the moment, sea levels are rising at about three millimetres every year. This is believed to be because of the warming of the earth's climate. Melting ice and rising sea levels also have an effect on areas far away from the frozen areas.
() 1. What does the underlined word "freeze" mean in this passage?
A. Turn to ice. B. Mix with ice. C. Stop moving. D. Break off.
( ) 2. The sentence "Some icebergs, especially (尤其) in the Antarctic, can be very huge." can be best put at the beginning of ______ .
A. Paragraph 2 B. Paragraph 3 C. Paragraph 4 D. Paragraph 5
() 3. The writer mentioned the Titanic .
A. to tell what icebergs are made of
B. to tell where icebergs can be found
C. to show how dangerous icebergs are
D. to guess why icebergs are in strange shapes
() 4. What can we learn about icebergs?
A. Most parts of the icebergs can be seen easily.
B. The sea level would fall a lot if the icebergs on earth melt.
C. It is easy for people to get drinking water from icebergs now.
D. Scientists have some ways to help ships keep away from icebergs.
答案
1. A 2. C 3. C 4. D
解析
【分析】
本题为科普类阅读理解题，共4道小题，解题思路如下：
1. 第1题是词义猜测题，需定位划线词所在句子，结合上下文语境推断词义；
2. 第2题是句子插入题，需分析待插入句子的核心含义，再匹配各段落的主题内容；
3. 第3题是作者意图题，需找到提到泰坦尼克号的段落，结合段落主旨判断举例的作用；
4. 第4题是细节理解题，需逐一核对选项与原文内容，排除错误选项后选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位划线词“freeze”所在句子：“If there was another ice age, more water would freeze and the sea level would fall.” 冰期时，水会变成冰，海平面下降，因此“freeze”意为“变成冰”，对应选项A。
2. 第2题：待插入句子核心是“南极的冰山尤其巨大”，查看各段落：第4段介绍了B-15冰山的尺寸（长295公里，面积是大伦敦的6倍），主题是冰山的巨大，因此该句适合放在第4段开头，对应选项C。
3. 第3题：提到泰坦尼克号的段落主旨是“Icebergs can be very dangerous.”，举泰坦尼克号撞冰山沉没的例子是为了说明冰山的危险性，对应选项C。
4. 第4题：逐一核对选项：A选项错误，原文提到冰山大部分在水下；B选项错误，冰融化会使海平面上升；C选项错误，原文说“some scientists believe that one day it will be possible”，现在还不能实现；D选项正确，原文提到科学家用雷达、卫星追踪，还有破冰船、直升机巡逻，帮助船只避开冰山，对应选项D。
【答案】
1. A 2. C 3. C 4. D
【知识点】
词义猜测题、细节理解题、篇章结构题
【点评】
本题围绕冰山的科普知识展开，考查学生对词义、篇章结构、细节信息及作者意图的理解，题型常规，难度适中，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题为科普类阅读理解题，共4道小题，解题思路如下：
1. 第1题是词义猜测题，需定位划线词所在句子，结合上下文语境推断词义；
2. 第2题是句子插入题，需分析待插入句子的核心含义，再匹配各段落的主题内容；
3. 第3题是作者意图题，需找到提到泰坦尼克号的段落，结合段落主旨判断举例的作用；
4. 第4题是细节理解题，需逐一核对选项与原文内容，排除错误选项后选出正确答案。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位划线词“freeze”所在句子：“If there was another ice age, more water would freeze and the sea level would fall.” 冰期时，水会变成冰，海平面下降，因此“freeze”意为“变成冰”，对应选项A。
2. 第2题：待插入句子核心是“南极的冰山尤其巨大”，查看各段落：第4段介绍了B-15冰山的尺寸（长295公里，面积是大伦敦的6倍），主题是冰山的巨大，因此该句适合放在第4段开头，对应选项C。
3. 第3题：提到泰坦尼克号的段落主旨是“Icebergs can be very dangerous.”，举泰坦尼克号撞冰山沉没的例子是为了说明冰山的危险性，对应选项C。
4. 第4题：逐一核对选项：A选项错误，原文提到冰山大部分在水下；B选项错误，冰融化会使海平面上升；C选项错误，原文说“some scientists believe that one day it will be possible”，现在还不能实现；D选项正确，原文提到科学家用雷达、卫星追踪，还有破冰船、直升机巡逻，帮助船只避开冰山，对应选项D。
【答案】
1. A 2. C 3. C 4. D
【知识点】
词义猜测题、细节理解题、篇章结构题
【点评】
本题围绕冰山的科普知识展开，考查学生对词义、篇章结构、细节信息及作者意图的理解，题型常规，难度适中，适合初中阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.6
