登录
(B)
Xia Nai is known as one of the founders of China's Modern Archaeology. He changed Chinese archaeology from traditional "treasure-digging" into modern science.
When he was young, Xia Nai went to the UK and studied at the University of London. There he learnt modern knowledge and new technologies. At that time, Chinese archaeology mostly used ancient books and experience to learn about the past. Archaeologists faced big problems. It was difficult for them to tell how old an object was or which ancient culture was older. After returning to China, Xia Nai brought Western science to Chinese archaeology, changing how it was practiced.
Soil layers(地层) are direct historical records. For example, people left tools, pots, or other things in the ground long ago. Over time, new layers of soil covered them up. Each layer of soil has a different colour and feels different. Xia Nai asked archaeologists to dig and clean the site layer by layer, and record where each object was found. This helped them decide the correct time period of each object.
Later, American scientist Willard Libby invented carbon-14 dating in 1949. Xia Nai introduced this new method to China. Thanks to carbon-14 dating, archaeologists could date things up to 50,000 years old. This was a major breakthrough at that time.
Xia Nai passed away in 1985, but his spirit lives on. He is admired for bravely changing old ways and wisely using new science to push Chinese archaeology forward.
46. What does "treasure-digging" probably mean in the passage?
A. Studying history with fun.
B. Using scientific technologies.
C. Protecting treasures carefully.
D. Digging old objects without science.
47. What problem did Chinese archaeology have before Xia Nai?
A. There were too many books to check.
B. It was hard to tell the age of treasures.
C. Archaeologists were not hardworking.
D. No one had foreign learning experience.
48. How does the passage explain "soil layers are direct historical records"?
A. By giving an example.
B. By making comparison.
C. By telling a story.
D. By listing numbers.
49. What is the use of carbon-14 dating?
A. To clean old objects in better way.
B. To find out the age of old objects.
C. To find out the size of old objects.
D. To protect old objects from breaking.
50. Which detail shows that Xia Nai made Chinese archaeology scientific?
A. His methods are still in use today.
B. He studied in the UK for many years.
C. He introduced modern methods into Chinese archaeology.
D. He invented carbon-14 dating and made a breakthrough.
Xia Nai is known as one of the founders of China's Modern Archaeology. He changed Chinese archaeology from traditional "treasure-digging" into modern science.
When he was young, Xia Nai went to the UK and studied at the University of London. There he learnt modern knowledge and new technologies. At that time, Chinese archaeology mostly used ancient books and experience to learn about the past. Archaeologists faced big problems. It was difficult for them to tell how old an object was or which ancient culture was older. After returning to China, Xia Nai brought Western science to Chinese archaeology, changing how it was practiced.
Soil layers(地层) are direct historical records. For example, people left tools, pots, or other things in the ground long ago. Over time, new layers of soil covered them up. Each layer of soil has a different colour and feels different. Xia Nai asked archaeologists to dig and clean the site layer by layer, and record where each object was found. This helped them decide the correct time period of each object.
Later, American scientist Willard Libby invented carbon-14 dating in 1949. Xia Nai introduced this new method to China. Thanks to carbon-14 dating, archaeologists could date things up to 50,000 years old. This was a major breakthrough at that time.
Xia Nai passed away in 1985, but his spirit lives on. He is admired for bravely changing old ways and wisely using new science to push Chinese archaeology forward.
46. What does "treasure-digging" probably mean in the passage?
A. Studying history with fun.
B. Using scientific technologies.
C. Protecting treasures carefully.
D. Digging old objects without science.
47. What problem did Chinese archaeology have before Xia Nai?
A. There were too many books to check.
B. It was hard to tell the age of treasures.
C. Archaeologists were not hardworking.
D. No one had foreign learning experience.
48. How does the passage explain "soil layers are direct historical records"?
A. By giving an example.
B. By making comparison.
C. By telling a story.
D. By listing numbers.
49. What is the use of carbon-14 dating?
A. To clean old objects in better way.
B. To find out the age of old objects.
C. To find out the size of old objects.
D. To protect old objects from breaking.
50. Which detail shows that Xia Nai made Chinese archaeology scientific?
A. His methods are still in use today.
B. He studied in the UK for many years.
C. He introduced modern methods into Chinese archaeology.
D. He invented carbon-14 dating and made a breakthrough.
答案
46.D 47.B 48.A 49.B 50.C
解析
【分析】
这是一篇人物传记类英语阅读理解，解题的核心思路是先通读全文，明确文章围绕考古学家夏鼐对中国现代考古学的贡献展开，之后带着每道题的题干关键词回到原文对应段落定位线索，将选项和原文内容逐一比对，排除不符合原文的错误选项，就能选出正确答案。做这类题要注意不要脱离原文主观臆断，遇到易混淆的细节比如人物贡献、概念定义要回到原文核对确认。
【解析】
46. 词义猜测题：定位第一段，原文提到夏鼐将中国考古从传统的"treasure-digging"转变为现代科学，结合第二段描述当时中国考古仅靠古籍和经验开展、缺乏科学方法的背景，可知这个词指的是没有科学依据挖掘古物的传统考古模式，排除A趣味学历史、B使用科学技术（这是现代考古的特征）、C小心保护宝物三个错误选项，选D。
47. 细节理解题：定位第二段原文"It was difficult for them to tell how old an object was or which ancient culture was older"，可知夏鼐之前中国考古的难题是很难判断古物的年代，A“要核对的书太多”、C“考古学家不勤奋”、D“没人有海外学习经历”原文均未提及，选B。
48. 论证方式判断题：定位第三段，在提出“地层是直接的历史记录”之后，原文直接用"For example"引出具体的解释说明，是通过举例子的方式展开阐述，没有使用作对比、讲故事、列数字的方法，选A。
49. 细节理解题：定位第四段原文"Thanks to carbon-14 dating, archaeologists could date things up to 50,000 years old"，其中date此处意为测定年代，可知碳14测年法的作用是测定古物的年龄，排除A更好地清洗古物、C判断古物尺寸、D保护古物不破损的错误选项，选B。
50. 细节理解题：逐一核对选项：A“他的方法至今仍在使用”不能直接体现他让考古学科学化的行为；B“他在英国留学多年”只是他的个人经历，不是他做出的相关贡献；D表述错误，碳14测年法是美国科学家Willard Libby发明的，不是夏鼐发明的；C“他将现代方法引入中国考古学”对应原文他带回西方考古科学、引入碳14测年法等行为，直接体现他让中国考古走向科学化，选C。
【答案】
46.D 47.B 48.A 49.B 50.C
【知识点】
英语细节查找，词义猜测，阅读理解逻辑判断
【点评】
本题属于中等偏易的人物传记类阅读题，所有题目的线索都能在原文中直接定位，主要考察学生快速抓取文本关键信息的能力，仅第5题设置了小陷阱，需要学生仔细核对原文细节，区分不同人物的贡献，避免出现概念混淆的错误。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇人物传记类英语阅读理解，解题的核心思路是先通读全文，明确文章围绕考古学家夏鼐对中国现代考古学的贡献展开，之后带着每道题的题干关键词回到原文对应段落定位线索，将选项和原文内容逐一比对，排除不符合原文的错误选项，就能选出正确答案。做这类题要注意不要脱离原文主观臆断，遇到易混淆的细节比如人物贡献、概念定义要回到原文核对确认。
【解析】
46. 词义猜测题：定位第一段，原文提到夏鼐将中国考古从传统的"treasure-digging"转变为现代科学，结合第二段描述当时中国考古仅靠古籍和经验开展、缺乏科学方法的背景，可知这个词指的是没有科学依据挖掘古物的传统考古模式，排除A趣味学历史、B使用科学技术（这是现代考古的特征）、C小心保护宝物三个错误选项，选D。
47. 细节理解题：定位第二段原文"It was difficult for them to tell how old an object was or which ancient culture was older"，可知夏鼐之前中国考古的难题是很难判断古物的年代，A“要核对的书太多”、C“考古学家不勤奋”、D“没人有海外学习经历”原文均未提及，选B。
48. 论证方式判断题：定位第三段，在提出“地层是直接的历史记录”之后，原文直接用"For example"引出具体的解释说明，是通过举例子的方式展开阐述，没有使用作对比、讲故事、列数字的方法，选A。
49. 细节理解题：定位第四段原文"Thanks to carbon-14 dating, archaeologists could date things up to 50,000 years old"，其中date此处意为测定年代，可知碳14测年法的作用是测定古物的年龄，排除A更好地清洗古物、C判断古物尺寸、D保护古物不破损的错误选项，选B。
50. 细节理解题：逐一核对选项：A“他的方法至今仍在使用”不能直接体现他让考古学科学化的行为；B“他在英国留学多年”只是他的个人经历，不是他做出的相关贡献；D表述错误，碳14测年法是美国科学家Willard Libby发明的，不是夏鼐发明的；C“他将现代方法引入中国考古学”对应原文他带回西方考古科学、引入碳14测年法等行为，直接体现他让中国考古走向科学化，选C。
【答案】
46.D 47.B 48.A 49.B 50.C
【知识点】
英语细节查找，词义猜测，阅读理解逻辑判断
【点评】
本题属于中等偏易的人物传记类阅读题，所有题目的线索都能在原文中直接定位，主要考察学生快速抓取文本关键信息的能力，仅第5题设置了小陷阱，需要学生仔细核对原文细节，区分不同人物的贡献，避免出现概念混淆的错误。
【难度系数】
0.7
