Ⅱ. 阅读理解。
阅读短文，从每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个与短文内容相符的最佳选项。
Tom is a middle school student in Grade Eight. Recently, he met many difficulties in his study and life. He failed his math test twice and often argued with his best friend over small things. He even lost his favorite basketball which was a gift from his father. He felt upset and hopeless, and even wanted to give up. One rainy weekend, he picked up a book about Su Dongpo from his father's bookshelf to kill time, with low spirits and little hope for his life.
Su Dongpo, a great writer, poet and painter in ancient China, was talented and kind-hearted. However, his life was never smooth or easy. He was sent to faraway and poor places many times due to political problems and faced much difficulty, sadness, and loneliness. ★ Instead of complaining about his bad luck, he wrote beautiful poems to express his feelings, enjoyed simple country life, and cared about the poor people around him. Even in the hardest time, he always kept active and hopeful.
As Tom read on, his heart slowly changed. He used to complain about small troubles and give up easily when meeting difficulties. But after learning about Su Dongpo's hard experiences and his positive attitude, he felt ashamed of himself. He finally realized that real courage is to smile bravely and keep moving on after falling down.
Day by day, Tom became braver and more positive. He no longer felt sad about his failures or small troubles. Instead, he learned to face difficulties bravely, work hard and never give up. Su Dongpo's story tells him that life is full of ups and downs, and as long as we keep a warm heart and never lose confidence, we can beat all difficulties and become better.
( )16. What problems did Tom meet at the beginning of the passage?
①failed the math test twice ②argued with his best friend
③killed time with little hope ④lost his favorite basketball
A. ①②③ B. ②③④ C. ①③④ D. ①②④
()17. Which sentence can be put back into ★ in Paragraph 2?
A. But he never lost his love for life.
B. Then he chose to leave his hometown.
C. So he chose to keep away from people.
D. And he always lived a rich and easy life.
()18. What can we know about Su Dongpo from the passage?
A. He lived a happy and quiet life all the time.
B. He paid attention to common poor people.
C. He could deal with political problems well.
D. He moved to big cities and lived hopefully.
()19. How does Tom's feeling change?
A. upset→ashamed→positive B. hopeless→active→tired
C. nervous→hopeful→sad D. sad→positive→hopeful
()20. Which of the following sayings can best describe this passage?
A. Good friends should help each other.
B. Hard work will bring you good luck.
C. When life is hard, don't lose your heart.
D. Reading more books can make you rich.

16.D 17.A 18.B 19.A 20.C

16. 细节理解题：根据第一段内容，Tom一开始遇到的困难是数学考试两次不及格、和最好的朋友为小事争吵、弄丢了最爱的篮球，而③“带着渺茫的希望打发时间”是他情绪低落时的行为，不属于最初遇到的困难，因此①②④符合要求，选D。
17. 推理判断题：空格前介绍苏轼一生坎坷，多次被流放至偏远贫苦之地，饱尝困苦、悲伤和孤独；空格后描述他从不抱怨厄运，坚持写诗、享受简单乡村生活、关心身边穷人，始终积极乐观。A选项“但他从未失去对生活的热爱”可以完美衔接上下文的转折逻辑，其余选项和后文内容矛盾，选A。
18. 细节理解题：根据第二段中“cared about the poor people around him”可知，苏轼十分关心身边的普通穷人，对应B选项。A选项“他一生始终过着幸福平静的生活”和原文“his life was never smooth or easy”矛盾；C选项“他能很好地处理政治问题”错误，他正是因为政治问题多次被流放；D选项“他搬到大城市满怀希望地生活”和原文“被送到偏远贫苦的地方”矛盾，选B。
19. 情感变化题：通读全文，Tom最开始遇到困境感到沮丧（upset），读完苏轼的故事后为自己之前的行为感到羞愧（ashamed），最后变得更加勇敢积极（positive），情感变化对应A选项。
20. 主旨大意题：全文通过Tom受苏轼故事的启发，从消极逃避转变为勇敢面对困难的故事，告诉我们人生总有起伏，身处困境也不要失去信心，勇敢战胜困难就能成为更好的自己，和C选项“当生活艰难时，不要灰心”的寓意匹配。