登录
体裁: 说明文
主题: 环境保护
难度: ★★★★★
建议用时: 9 min
正确率: /4
新素材·治理塑料污染 The theme of the 2025 World Environment Day is “Ending Plastic Pollution(塑料污染)”. How does plastic pollution influence our Earth? Please look at the picture below.
Scientists have found that plastic has reached almost every part of our planet! Even in places like the Arctic and the Sahara Desert, there are microplastic bits(微塑料颗粒). They come from bigger plastic which breaks apart and ends up in oceans, soil and air.
Microplastic bits can get into a human body in different ways. We breathe them in every day. According to a report by UN Environment Programme, about 60% of our clothes are made of unnatural materials. While washing these clothes, small plastic fibers(纤维) can be produced. Microplastic bits are also found in our food. Scientists estimate(估计) that there are about twenty-four trillion microplastic bits in the oceans around the world. The fish that we eat may have eaten them by accident. Many plastic packets we use in daily life can release(释放) microplastic bits when they are heated. Even fruits and vegetables have microplastic bits, as plants can take them in from the soil through their roots. Studies show that apples and carrots have the most microplastic bits of all.
Once microplastic bits enter a human body, they can hurt cells(细胞) and the endocrine(内分泌) system. They can also take in other harmful chemicals and help them enter our bodies, which might make us get sick more easily.
To stop plastic pollution, everyone needs to live a sustainable(可持续的) lifestyle. It's more than throwing plastic rubbish into bins and using less plastic. Individuals and governments should work together to make a difference.
Luckily, many businesses in China have taken action to build a plastic-free society in China. To turn plastic rubbish into treasures,…
(to be continued)
1. 新趋势·图示理解 What does the picture in the passage show?
➤➤图示理解题解题策略见 P27 重点精讲
A. The cycle of plastic pollution.
B. The cycle of water pollution.
C. The cycle of soil pollution.
D. The cycle of air pollution.
2. Which of the following about microplastic bits is TRUE?
A. Clothes made of natural materials have microplastic bits.
B. Microplastic bits can hardly be found in the Arctic and the Sahara Desert.
C. The oceans around the world are said to have about 24 billion microplastic bits.
D. Among all the fruits and vegetables, apples and carrots have the most microplastic bits.
3. What is the writer's attitude(态度) to the future of building a plastic-free society in China?
A. Doubtful(怀疑的).
B. Hopeful.
C. Uninterested.
D. Surprised.
4. What might be talked about in the next part?
A. How we students use less plastic.
B. Why it is necessary to say no to plastic.
C. What has been done by Chinese businesses to deal with plastic.
D. When plastic pollution can be under control completely around the world.
主题: 环境保护
难度: ★★★★★
建议用时: 9 min
正确率: /4
新素材·治理塑料污染 The theme of the 2025 World Environment Day is “Ending Plastic Pollution(塑料污染)”. How does plastic pollution influence our Earth? Please look at the picture below.
Scientists have found that plastic has reached almost every part of our planet! Even in places like the Arctic and the Sahara Desert, there are microplastic bits(微塑料颗粒). They come from bigger plastic which breaks apart and ends up in oceans, soil and air.
Microplastic bits can get into a human body in different ways. We breathe them in every day. According to a report by UN Environment Programme, about 60% of our clothes are made of unnatural materials. While washing these clothes, small plastic fibers(纤维) can be produced. Microplastic bits are also found in our food. Scientists estimate(估计) that there are about twenty-four trillion microplastic bits in the oceans around the world. The fish that we eat may have eaten them by accident. Many plastic packets we use in daily life can release(释放) microplastic bits when they are heated. Even fruits and vegetables have microplastic bits, as plants can take them in from the soil through their roots. Studies show that apples and carrots have the most microplastic bits of all.
Once microplastic bits enter a human body, they can hurt cells(细胞) and the endocrine(内分泌) system. They can also take in other harmful chemicals and help them enter our bodies, which might make us get sick more easily.
To stop plastic pollution, everyone needs to live a sustainable(可持续的) lifestyle. It's more than throwing plastic rubbish into bins and using less plastic. Individuals and governments should work together to make a difference.
Luckily, many businesses in China have taken action to build a plastic-free society in China. To turn plastic rubbish into treasures,…
(to be continued)
1. 新趋势·图示理解 What does the picture in the passage show?
➤➤图示理解题解题策略见 P27 重点精讲
A. The cycle of plastic pollution.
B. The cycle of water pollution.
C. The cycle of soil pollution.
D. The cycle of air pollution.
2. Which of the following about microplastic bits is TRUE?
A. Clothes made of natural materials have microplastic bits.
B. Microplastic bits can hardly be found in the Arctic and the Sahara Desert.
C. The oceans around the world are said to have about 24 billion microplastic bits.
D. Among all the fruits and vegetables, apples and carrots have the most microplastic bits.
3. What is the writer's attitude(态度) to the future of building a plastic-free society in China?
A. Doubtful(怀疑的).
B. Hopeful.
C. Uninterested.
D. Surprised.
4. What might be talked about in the next part?
A. How we students use less plastic.
B. Why it is necessary to say no to plastic.
C. What has been done by Chinese businesses to deal with plastic.
D. When plastic pollution can be under control completely around the world.
答案
1. A 【解析】图示理解题。根据全文核心主题“Ending Plastic Pollution”，以及后文围绕塑料分解产生微塑料、遍布全球、侵入人体的污染链条展开描述，可知图片展示的是塑料污染的循环过程。B 项水污染、C 项土壤污染、D 项空气污染均偏离文章主题。故选 A。
2. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据“Even fruits and vegetables have microplastic bits, as plants can take them in from the soil through their roots. Studies show that apples and carrots have the most microplastic bits of all.”可知，在所有果蔬中，苹果和胡萝卜含有的微塑料最多。A 项错误，天然材质衣物不会产生微塑料；B 项错误，北极和撒哈拉沙漠也存在微塑料；C 项错误，海洋微塑料数量为 24 万亿而非 240 亿。故选 D。
3. B 【解析】推理判断题。根据“Luckily, many businesses in China have taken action to build a plastic-free society in China.”中的关键词“Luckily”，体现出作者对中国建设无塑社会的未来抱有积极、乐观的态度，充满希望。A 项怀疑的、C 项不感兴趣的、D 项惊讶的均不符合文意。故选 B。
4. C 【解析】推理判断题。根据文末“Luckily, many businesses in China have taken action to build a plastic-free society in China. To turn plastic rubbish into treasures, … (to be continued)”可知，前文刚提及中国企业已采取行动，下文必然承接该话题，介绍中国企业针对塑料污染的具体举措。A 项学生如何减少塑料使用、B 项拒绝塑料的必要性、D 项全球塑料污染受控时间均与文末衔接不当。故选 C。
2. D 【解析】细节理解题。根据“Even fruits and vegetables have microplastic bits, as plants can take them in from the soil through their roots. Studies show that apples and carrots have the most microplastic bits of all.”可知，在所有果蔬中，苹果和胡萝卜含有的微塑料最多。A 项错误，天然材质衣物不会产生微塑料；B 项错误，北极和撒哈拉沙漠也存在微塑料；C 项错误，海洋微塑料数量为 24 万亿而非 240 亿。故选 D。
3. B 【解析】推理判断题。根据“Luckily, many businesses in China have taken action to build a plastic-free society in China.”中的关键词“Luckily”，体现出作者对中国建设无塑社会的未来抱有积极、乐观的态度，充满希望。A 项怀疑的、C 项不感兴趣的、D 项惊讶的均不符合文意。故选 B。
4. C 【解析】推理判断题。根据文末“Luckily, many businesses in China have taken action to build a plastic-free society in China. To turn plastic rubbish into treasures, … (to be continued)”可知，前文刚提及中国企业已采取行动，下文必然承接该话题，介绍中国企业针对塑料污染的具体举措。A 项学生如何减少塑料使用、B 项拒绝塑料的必要性、D 项全球塑料污染受控时间均与文末衔接不当。故选 C。
解析
【分析】
本题为环境保护主题的说明文阅读，共4道题，解题思路如下：
1. 图示理解题：需紧扣文章核心主题“Ending Plastic Pollution（塑料污染）”，后文围绕塑料分解产生微塑料、遍布全球等污染链条展开，据此判断图片对应塑料污染循环，排除其他污染类选项。
2. 细节理解题：需定位原文中关于微塑料的描述，逐一核对选项与原文表述是否一致，找出正确选项。
3. 态度推断题：需抓住文中体现作者情感倾向的关键词，如“Luckily”，判断作者对中国建设无塑社会的态度。
4. 下文推断题：需结合文末话题的衔接性，前文提及中国企业已采取行动，下文应承接该话题展开。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据文章核心主题为塑料污染，后文围绕塑料污染的产生、扩散等链条展开，可知图片展示的是塑料污染的循环过程，B（水污染）、C（土壤污染）、D（空气污染）均偏离文章主题，故选A。
2. 第2题：定位原文“Even fruits and vegetables have microplastic bits...Studies show that apples and carrots have the most microplastic bits of all”，可知D项正确；A项错误（原文提到60%的非天然衣物会产生微塑料，未提及天然材质衣物无微塑料），B项错误（原文提到北极和撒哈拉沙漠也存在微塑料），C项错误（原文提到海洋微塑料约24万亿而非240亿），故选D。
3. 第3题：根据文中“Luckily”一词，体现作者对中国建设无塑社会的积极、乐观态度，故选B。
4. 第4题：文末提到“many businesses in China have taken action to build a plastic-free society”，下文应承接该话题介绍中国企业的具体举措，A（学生减少塑料使用）、B（拒绝塑料的必要性）、D（全球塑料污染受控时间）均与文末衔接不当，故选C。
【答案】
1.A 2.D 3.B 4.C
【知识点】
阅读理解（细节理解）、阅读理解（推理判断）、说明文阅读
【点评】
本题围绕塑料污染主题展开，考查学生对文本细节查找、主旨把握、作者态度推断及下文内容预判的能力，题型涵盖图示理解、细节理解、推理判断，符合初中英语阅读的考查方向，需学生精准定位原文信息并结合语境分析。
【难度系数】
0.2
本题为环境保护主题的说明文阅读，共4道题，解题思路如下：
1. 图示理解题：需紧扣文章核心主题“Ending Plastic Pollution（塑料污染）”，后文围绕塑料分解产生微塑料、遍布全球等污染链条展开，据此判断图片对应塑料污染循环，排除其他污染类选项。
2. 细节理解题：需定位原文中关于微塑料的描述，逐一核对选项与原文表述是否一致，找出正确选项。
3. 态度推断题：需抓住文中体现作者情感倾向的关键词，如“Luckily”，判断作者对中国建设无塑社会的态度。
4. 下文推断题：需结合文末话题的衔接性，前文提及中国企业已采取行动，下文应承接该话题展开。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据文章核心主题为塑料污染，后文围绕塑料污染的产生、扩散等链条展开，可知图片展示的是塑料污染的循环过程，B（水污染）、C（土壤污染）、D（空气污染）均偏离文章主题，故选A。
2. 第2题：定位原文“Even fruits and vegetables have microplastic bits...Studies show that apples and carrots have the most microplastic bits of all”，可知D项正确；A项错误（原文提到60%的非天然衣物会产生微塑料，未提及天然材质衣物无微塑料），B项错误（原文提到北极和撒哈拉沙漠也存在微塑料），C项错误（原文提到海洋微塑料约24万亿而非240亿），故选D。
3. 第3题：根据文中“Luckily”一词，体现作者对中国建设无塑社会的积极、乐观态度，故选B。
4. 第4题：文末提到“many businesses in China have taken action to build a plastic-free society”，下文应承接该话题介绍中国企业的具体举措，A（学生减少塑料使用）、B（拒绝塑料的必要性）、D（全球塑料污染受控时间）均与文末衔接不当，故选C。
【答案】
1.A 2.D 3.B 4.C
【知识点】
阅读理解（细节理解）、阅读理解（推理判断）、说明文阅读
【点评】
本题围绕塑料污染主题展开，考查学生对文本细节查找、主旨把握、作者态度推断及下文内容预判的能力，题型涵盖图示理解、细节理解、推理判断，符合初中英语阅读的考查方向，需学生精准定位原文信息并结合语境分析。
【难度系数】
0.2
