E 新素材 太空淋浴
Do you know how astronauts take a shower(淋浴) in space? It is easy on Earth, but in space, it is a big problem because of low gravity.
视频学重难
In the 1960s, astronauts took sponge baths(海绵浴)—they cleaned their bodies with a wet towel(毛巾), soap(香皂) and a little water. Because there wasn't enough water for a full-body cleaning. And they wore the same clothes inside their spacesuits for a long time. As a result, astronauts often returned to Earth with a bad smell.
Things got better in 1973. A space station got its first real shower. However, using it was not easy. Astronauts had to tie their feet to the wall so that they wouldn't float away. Each person got only about three liters of water, and taking a shower usually took over two hours! After showering, they faced the most important work: carefully collecting every drop of water because floating water could break the machines inside the space station.
Today, on the International Space Station, astronauts use a better "sponge bath" way to clean themselves. They use a wet towel, a special kind of soap and a little water. The biggest improvement is the airflow system. It helps dry astronauts' hair and bodies quickly and recycles all the water. In this way, astronauts can stay clean every day.
The development of space showers doesn't end here. Maybe one day, taking a shower in space will be just as easy as that on Earth.
()1. How is taking a shower in space, according to Paragraph 1?
A. Interesting.
B. Difficult.
C. Wonderful.
D. Dangerous.
()2. 新考法 细节多选 Why did astronauts smell bad in the 1960s?
①There wasn't enough water.
②There was no place to shower.
③They seldom changed their clothes.
④They had no soap for keeping clean.
A. ①③
B. ②③
C. ①④
D. ②④
()3. What should astronauts do after showering according to Paragraph 3?
A. Check the shower time.
B. Tie their feet to the wall.
C. Design new machine parts.
D. Collect water drops carefully.
()4. What can we learn about the airflow system in Paragraph 4?
A. It dries the air in space stations.
B. It keeps the astronauts warmer.
C. It makes astronauts' showers better.
D. It produces fresh air for astronauts.
()5. 新考法 标题归纳 What is the best title for the text?
A. Showering in Space
B. Experiments in Space
C. Life Without Showers
D. History of Space Stations

1. B [解析]细节理解题。根据“It is easy on Earth, but in space, it is a big problem because of low gravity.”可知,太空淋浴因低重力而成为一大难题,所以太空淋浴很困难。故选 B。
2. A [解析]细节理解题。根据“Because there wasn't enough water for a full-body cleaning. And they wore the same clothes inside their spacesuits for a long time. As a result, astronauts often returned to Earth with a bad smell.”可知,在 20 世纪 60 年代,宇航员身上有异味的原因是:水不够,无法清洁全身;长时间穿同一套衣服。故选 A。
3. D [解析]细节理解题。根据“After showering, they faced the most important work: carefully collecting every drop of water because floating water could break the machines inside the space station.”可知,淋浴后宇航员需要仔细收集每一滴水。故选 D。
4. C [解析]细节理解题。根据“The biggest improvement is the airflow system. It helps dry astronauts' hair and bodies quickly and recycles all the water. In this way, astronauts can stay clean every day.”可知,气流系统能快速吹干宇航员的头发和身体,回收所有水,让宇航员的清洁(淋浴)效果更好。故选 C。
5. A [解析]标题归纳题。通读全文可知,文章围绕太空淋浴展开,依次介绍了 20 世纪 60 年代、1973 年及如今国际空间站的宇航员们的太空清洁(淋浴)方式,核心主题是太空淋浴。故选 A。
素养考向 本文主要考查学生的语言能力和思维品质,通过介绍宇航员在太空中的特殊淋浴方式,引导学生感知太空环境与日常生活的显著差异,体会科技发展对人类探索太空的重要支撑作用,从而增强学生对科学探索的兴趣并培养其理性思考能力。