Ⅱ. Translate the following sentences into English（把下列句子译成英文）
1. 道路施工也在噪声污染中扮演了重要角色。

2. 如果我们不采取行动,空气污染就无法得到缓解。

3. 塑料垃圾不仅对环境有害,而且对我们的健康也有害。

4. 她失败了许多次,但从未放弃尝试和试验。

5. 尽管塑料污染看起来是一个大问题,但每个人都能以自己的方式做出一份力,帮助解决这个问题。

1. Road works play a big part in noise pollution too.
2. Air pollution will not be reduced if we don't take action.
3. Plastic waste is harmful not only to the environment, but also to our health.
4. She failed many times, but she never gave up trying and testing.
5. Although plastic pollution seems like a big problem, everyone can make a difference in their own way to help solve it.

【分析】
这类汉译英题的解题思路为：1. 拆解中文句子的核心成分（主语、谓语、修饰成分）；2. 匹配对应的英语常用表达，重点关注固定短语（如“扮演重要角色”“采取行动”等）和句式结构（如条件句、让步状语从句）；3. 调整语序符合英语表达习惯，检查时态、单复数等细节，确保翻译准确通顺。
【解析】
1. 主语“道路施工”译为Road works，固定搭配“扮演重要角色”为play a big part in，“噪声污染”是noise pollution，“也”放句末，组合成Road works play a big part in noise pollution too.
2. 用if引导条件状语从句，“采取行动”是take action，“空气污染”为air pollution，“无法得到缓解”用一般将来时被动语态will not be reduced，组合成Air pollution will not be reduced if we don't take action.
3. “塑料垃圾”译为Plastic waste，用not only…but also结构连接两个“对…有害”的内容（be harmful to），组合成Plastic waste is harmful not only to the environment, but also to our health.
4. “失败许多次”是failed many times，固定搭配“放弃做某事”为give up doing sth.，“尝试和试验”是trying and testing，组合成She failed many times, but she never gave up trying and testing.
5. 用Although引导让步状语从句，“看起来是大问题”是seems like a big problem，固定搭配“做出一份力”为make a difference，“以自己的方式”是in their own way，“帮助解决”是to help solve，组合成Although plastic pollution seems like a big problem, everyone can make a difference in their own way to help solve it.
【答案】
1. Road works play a big part in noise pollution too.
2. Air pollution will not be reduced if we don't take action.
3. Plastic waste is harmful not only to the environment, but also to our health.
4. She failed many times, but she never gave up trying and testing.
5. Although plastic pollution seems like a big problem, everyone can make a difference in their own way to help solve it.
【知识点】
汉译英、固定短语搭配、状语从句
【点评】
本题为基础汉译英题型，主要考察常用词汇、固定表达及基本句式的运用，难度较低，掌握核心知识点即可准确完成翻译。
【难度系数】
0.8

Ⅲ. Choose the best answer（选择最恰当的答案）
In the past few years, China has become a world leader in new energy vehicles (NEVs). More and more electric cars and buses 1 produced in factories across the country every day, helping to fight air pollution.
Last year, a smart charging system 2 built in many big cities. With this system, drivers can easily find a charging station nearby. The government also encourages people 3 green cars instead of traditional ones.
By 2030, fewer new petrol cars 4 to enter our city centre. According to experts, the air will become much 5 if we keep using clean energy. So far, more than ten million NEVs 6 sold in China, and the number keeps growing.
7 schools and communities, students are taught how to save energy and reduce waste. Going green is not only a national plan, but also a daily action 8 each of us.
() 1. A. are B. were C. will be
() 2. A. is B. was C. will be
() 3. A. choose B. choosing C. to choose
() 4. A. are allowed B. allow C. will be allowed
() 5. A. clean B. cleaner C. cleanest
() 6. A. has been B. have been C. were
() 7. A. In B. On C. At
() 8. A. for B. of C. with

1. A 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. B 6. B 7. A 8. A

【分析】本题为关于中国新能源汽车发展的语法选择题，需结合时态、语态、固定搭配、形容词级、介词等知识点解题。第1空根据时间状语every day及被动关系选一般现在时被动；第2空根据last year选一般过去时被动；第3空考固定搭配encourage sb to do sth；第4空根据by 2030选一般将来时被动；第5空由much修饰确定用形容词比较级；第6空由so far确定用现在完成时被动；第7空考介词搭配“在学校里”；第8空考介词“对于”的用法。
【解析】1. 考查一般现在时的被动语态，主语electric cars and buses与produce是被动关系，时间状语every day表经常性动作，复数主语对应be动词are，故选A。2. 考查一般过去时的被动语态，时间状语last year表过去，主语a smart charging system与build是被动关系，单数主语对应be动词was，故选B。3. 考查固定搭配encourage sb to do sth，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，故选C。4. 考查一般将来时的被动语态，时间状语by 2030表将来，主语fewer new petrol cars与allow是被动关系，故选C。5. 考查形容词比较级，much修饰形容词比较级，clean的比较级为cleaner，故选B。6. 考查现在完成时的被动语态，so far是现在完成时标志，主语more than ten million NEVs为复数，对应助动词have，故选B。7. 考查介词搭配，“在学校里”用in schools，故选A。8. 考查介词，此处表示“对于我们每个人来说”，用介词for，故选A。
【答案】1.A 2.B 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.B 7.A 8.A
【知识点】时态语态；固定搭配；形容词比较级
【点评】本题围绕新能源汽车话题，综合考查初中英语核心基础语法，注重语境应用，难度适中，能有效考查学生对语法知识的掌握情况。
【难度系数】0.6

Ⅳ. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms（用所给单词的适当形式填空）
1. Giorgio Vasari, together with other talented at that time, finished the outstanding masterpiece on the roof of the cathedral. (paint)
2. This new material is to the environment, so scientists hold high expectations for it. (harm)
3. Everyone should take action our city from pollution. (protect)
4. This kind of new material is much than wood. (light)
5. Those bottles should be collected for reuse. (recycle)
6. The of ancient wooden buildings surprises all visitors. (wise)

1. painters 2. harmless 3. to protect 4. lighter 5. recycled 6. wisdom

【分析】
本题要求用所给单词的适当形式填空，需先分析每个句子的结构，判断空格处所需的词性，再结合单词的变形规则、固定搭配等完成填空：1. 空格处需表示“画家”，且other后接可数名词复数；2. be动词后需接形容词，结合语境判断含义；3. 考查固定搭配take action的用法；4. 句中出现than，需用形容词比较级；5. 空格处修饰名词，需用形容词；6. the后需接名词，需转换所给词的名词形式。
【解析】
1. 所给词paint是动词，意为“绘画”，此处需表示“画家”，对应名词painter，且other后接可数名词复数，故填painters。
2. 所给词harm是名词/动词，意为“伤害”，be动词后需接形容词，结合语境“对环境无害”，故填harmless。
3. 固定搭配take action to do sth意为“采取行动做某事”，故填protect的不定式形式to protect。
4. 句中出现than，需用形容词比较级，light的比较级为lighter，故填lighter。
5. 空格处修饰名词bottles，需用形容词，recycle的形容词形式为recycled，意为“可回收的”，故填recycled。
6. the后需接名词，所给词wise是形容词，意为“聪明的”，其名词形式为wisdom，意为“智慧”，故填wisdom。
【答案】
1. painters 2. harmless 3. to protect 4. lighter 5. recycled 6. wisdom
【知识点】
词性转换、固定搭配、形容词比较级
【点评】
本题考查英语词汇的适当形式运用，涵盖词性转换、固定搭配、比较级等基础知识点，侧重学生对常见词变形规则和短语搭配的掌握，是英语基础题型。
【难度系数】
0.7