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Ⅲ. Read and complete the tasks.
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms(微生物), interacting with each other and their non-living physical environment as a functional unit. All parts in an ecosystem depend on each other, keeping energy and nutrients moving to make the whole system balanced. There are many kinds of ecosystems around the world, such as forests, grasslands, deserts, lakes and oceans.
An ecosystem has two main parts: living parts and non-living parts. Living parts mean all living things, from green plants, wild animals and small insects to small bacteria and fungi(真菌). Non-living parts include sunlight, water, air, soil, rocks and weather like temperature and rain. These non-living things give living creatures basic conditions to live.
Human activities affect ecosystems a lot, in bad and good ways. On the one hand, activities like cutting down forests, polluting the environment, and overfishing destroy animal homes and reduce wildlife. On the other hand, people can protect ecosystems by building nature parks, reusing waste, and using clean energy, which fix broken ecosystems and keep the natural world healthy.
A. Complete the table.
B. Answer the questions.
(
A. Sports and health. B. Nature and environment.
C. Food and culture. D. History and geography.
2. What else can you do in your daily life to help protect the ecosystem?
An ecosystem is a community of living organisms, including plants, animals, and microorganisms(微生物), interacting with each other and their non-living physical environment as a functional unit. All parts in an ecosystem depend on each other, keeping energy and nutrients moving to make the whole system balanced. There are many kinds of ecosystems around the world, such as forests, grasslands, deserts, lakes and oceans.
An ecosystem has two main parts: living parts and non-living parts. Living parts mean all living things, from green plants, wild animals and small insects to small bacteria and fungi(真菌). Non-living parts include sunlight, water, air, soil, rocks and weather like temperature and rain. These non-living things give living creatures basic conditions to live.
Human activities affect ecosystems a lot, in bad and good ways. On the one hand, activities like cutting down forests, polluting the environment, and overfishing destroy animal homes and reduce wildlife. On the other hand, people can protect ecosystems by building nature parks, reusing waste, and using clean energy, which fix broken ecosystems and keep the natural world healthy.
A. Complete the table.
B. Answer the questions.
(
B
)1. In which part of a magazine can we most likely read this passage?A. Sports and health. B. Nature and environment.
C. Food and culture. D. History and geography.
2. What else can you do in your daily life to help protect the ecosystem?
I can reuse waste, such as using both sides of paper or bringing my own shopping bag instead of using plastic bags.
答案
A. 1. One possible version: What is an ecosystem?
2. non-living
3. grasslands
4. oceans
5. living
6. Influences / Effects
7. polluting the environment
8. reusing waste
9. using clean energy
B. 1. B
2. One possible version: I can reuse waste, such as using both sides of paper or bringing my own shopping bag instead of using plastic bags.
2. non-living
3. grasslands
4. oceans
5. living
6. Influences / Effects
7. polluting the environment
8. reusing waste
9. using clean energy
B. 1. B
2. One possible version: I can reuse waste, such as using both sides of paper or bringing my own shopping bag instead of using plastic bags.
解析
【分析】
本题分为A、B两部分，A部分需根据文章内容补全表格，解题时先明确表格各栏目的含义，再定位原文对应信息填写；B部分第1题需根据文章主题判断出处，第2题结合日常保护生态的实际做法作答即可。
【解析】
A部分：1. 表格标题对应文章核心主题，文章围绕生态系统展开，故填What is an ecosystem？2. 定义部分原文提到“interacting with each other and their non-living physical environment”，故填non-living；3. 生态系统类型原文列举“forests, grasslands, deserts, lakes and oceans”，故填grasslands；4. 同类型列举，填oceans；5. 生态系统两部分原文明确“living parts and non-living parts”，故填living；6. 对应人类活动对生态的影响，填Influences/Effects；7. 人类负面影响原文有“cutting down forests, polluting the environment, and overfishing”，故填polluting the environment；8. 正面影响原文“building nature parks, reusing waste, and using clean energy”，故填reusing waste；9. 同正面影响，填using clean energy。B部分1. 文章主题为生态环境，故出处选B；2. 开放性问题，举日常保护生态的例子即可。
【答案】
A. 1. What is an ecosystem? 2. non-living 3. grasslands 4. oceans 5. living 6. Influences / Effects 7. polluting the environment 8. reusing waste 9. using clean energy B. 1. B 2. I can reuse waste, such as using both sides of paper or bringing my own shopping bag instead of using plastic bags.
【知识点】
生态系统概念、生态系统组成、人类活动对生态的影响、英语阅读理解
【点评】
本题考查学生对生态系统相关英文文章的理解能力，涵盖信息定位、主题判断和开放性表达，既注重基础知识掌握，也联系生活实际，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
本题分为A、B两部分，A部分需根据文章内容补全表格，解题时先明确表格各栏目的含义，再定位原文对应信息填写；B部分第1题需根据文章主题判断出处，第2题结合日常保护生态的实际做法作答即可。
【解析】
A部分：1. 表格标题对应文章核心主题，文章围绕生态系统展开，故填What is an ecosystem？2. 定义部分原文提到“interacting with each other and their non-living physical environment”，故填non-living；3. 生态系统类型原文列举“forests, grasslands, deserts, lakes and oceans”，故填grasslands；4. 同类型列举，填oceans；5. 生态系统两部分原文明确“living parts and non-living parts”，故填living；6. 对应人类活动对生态的影响，填Influences/Effects；7. 人类负面影响原文有“cutting down forests, polluting the environment, and overfishing”，故填polluting the environment；8. 正面影响原文“building nature parks, reusing waste, and using clean energy”，故填reusing waste；9. 同正面影响，填using clean energy。B部分1. 文章主题为生态环境，故出处选B；2. 开放性问题，举日常保护生态的例子即可。
【答案】
A. 1. What is an ecosystem? 2. non-living 3. grasslands 4. oceans 5. living 6. Influences / Effects 7. polluting the environment 8. reusing waste 9. using clean energy B. 1. B 2. I can reuse waste, such as using both sides of paper or bringing my own shopping bag instead of using plastic bags.
【知识点】
生态系统概念、生态系统组成、人类活动对生态的影响、英语阅读理解
【点评】
本题考查学生对生态系统相关英文文章的理解能力，涵盖信息定位、主题判断和开放性表达，既注重基础知识掌握，也联系生活实际，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6
