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四、 跨学科 生物 阅读理解。
主题群:自然生态 子主题:生态特征 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★
A food chain is a way to show the relationships(关系) among living things in nature. It shows the path the energy takes from the sun through producers(生产者) and consumers(消费者) to decomposers(分解者).
A producer is a living thing that makes energy from the sun. It absorbs sunlight, turns it into energy and keeps it. A perfect example is a vegetable or a tree. But some producers use chemical energy instead of sunlight to make food.
A consumer is a living thing in the food chain that eats producers or other consumers for energy. These consumers can be insects, animals and humans. Insects, like grasshoppers(蚱蜢), eat producers and take in their energy. Consumers can also eat other consumers. For example, consumers like lions and tigers often eat other animals below them in the food chain. In this way, energy can be passed to other consumers.
A decomposer is a living thing in the food chain that gets its energy from both consumers and producers by eating dead plants and animals. Ants and some other insects are good examples of decomposers. These living things eat dead plants and animals, take in the energy to live and put new energy into the earth. Plants use the energy to make energy of their own to start the cycle again.
The food chain includes all living things on the earth and is complex. We can understand it by choosing just one group of living things to draw a simple food chain.
1. Which of the following may be a decomposer?
A. A butterfly. B. Bamboo. C. A crane. D. An ant.
2. What does the underlined word “absorbs” mean in Paragraph 2?
A. Makes. B. Catches. C. Eats. D. Saves.
3. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Consumers are animals living on meat. B. Producers can only live on sunlight.
C. Decomposers are dangerous to other lives. D. Every living thing is important to the earth.
主题群:自然生态 子主题:生态特征 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★
A food chain is a way to show the relationships(关系) among living things in nature. It shows the path the energy takes from the sun through producers(生产者) and consumers(消费者) to decomposers(分解者).
A producer is a living thing that makes energy from the sun. It absorbs sunlight, turns it into energy and keeps it. A perfect example is a vegetable or a tree. But some producers use chemical energy instead of sunlight to make food.
A consumer is a living thing in the food chain that eats producers or other consumers for energy. These consumers can be insects, animals and humans. Insects, like grasshoppers(蚱蜢), eat producers and take in their energy. Consumers can also eat other consumers. For example, consumers like lions and tigers often eat other animals below them in the food chain. In this way, energy can be passed to other consumers.
A decomposer is a living thing in the food chain that gets its energy from both consumers and producers by eating dead plants and animals. Ants and some other insects are good examples of decomposers. These living things eat dead plants and animals, take in the energy to live and put new energy into the earth. Plants use the energy to make energy of their own to start the cycle again.
The food chain includes all living things on the earth and is complex. We can understand it by choosing just one group of living things to draw a simple food chain.
1. Which of the following may be a decomposer?
A. A butterfly. B. Bamboo. C. A crane. D. An ant.
2. What does the underlined word “absorbs” mean in Paragraph 2?
A. Makes. B. Catches. C. Eats. D. Saves.
3. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Consumers are animals living on meat. B. Producers can only live on sunlight.
C. Decomposers are dangerous to other lives. D. Every living thing is important to the earth.
答案
1. D
2. B 词义猜测题。通过 sunlight 可以判断出是吸收阳光，因此 absorbs 的意思与 catches 接近。
方法归纳
阅读理解·词义猜测
先在文中找到该词所在句子，重点结合上下文语境，利用前后的同义、反义、因果、举例等逻辑关系进行推断。关注文中的定义解释、同位语、转折词、举例词等线索，再对比选项，排除与语境不符、过于片面或字面直译的答案，选出最符合上下文意思的选项。
3. D
2. B 词义猜测题。通过 sunlight 可以判断出是吸收阳光，因此 absorbs 的意思与 catches 接近。
方法归纳
阅读理解·词义猜测
先在文中找到该词所在句子，重点结合上下文语境，利用前后的同义、反义、因果、举例等逻辑关系进行推断。关注文中的定义解释、同位语、转折词、举例词等线索，再对比选项，排除与语境不符、过于片面或字面直译的答案，选出最符合上下文意思的选项。
3. D
解析
【分析】本题是跨学科的生物阅读理解题，围绕食物链相关概念（生产者、消费者、分解者）设置3道小题，分别考查分解者的判断、词义猜测、文章内容理解。解题时需先通读全文，明确各概念的定义，再结合原文信息逐一分析选项，排除错误答案得出正确结论。
【解析】
1. 解析：根据原文对分解者的定义：“A decomposer is a living thing in the food chain that gets its energy from both consumers and producers by eating dead plants and animals. Ants and some other insects are good examples of decomposers.”可知，蚂蚁是分解者的例子，选项中只有D符合，故选D。
2. 解析：词义猜测题。定位到原文中“ It absorbs sunlight, turns it into energy and keeps it.”，结合生产者利用阳光获取能量的语境，absorb意为“吸收”，与选项B“catches（捕捉、吸收）”意思接近，故选B。
3. 解析：逐一分析选项：A选项，消费者包括吃生产者的昆虫等，不只是吃肉的动物，错误；B选项，原文提到“some producers use chemical energy instead of sunlight to make food”，说明生产者不都依赖阳光，错误；C选项，分解者能将死的动植物能量放回土壤，对生态有益，并非危险，错误；D选项，原文指出“The food chain includes all living things on the earth and is complex.”，说明每个生物对地球都重要，正确，故选D。
【答案】1.D 2.B 3.D
【知识点】食物链、词义猜测、阅读理解
【点评】本题为跨学科生物阅读理解题，难度中等，重点考查对原文概念的理解、词义推断及信息提取能力，需要学生准确把握各生态角色的定义，结合选项逐一分析。
【难度系数】0.6
【解析】
1. 解析：根据原文对分解者的定义：“A decomposer is a living thing in the food chain that gets its energy from both consumers and producers by eating dead plants and animals. Ants and some other insects are good examples of decomposers.”可知，蚂蚁是分解者的例子，选项中只有D符合，故选D。
2. 解析：词义猜测题。定位到原文中“ It absorbs sunlight, turns it into energy and keeps it.”，结合生产者利用阳光获取能量的语境，absorb意为“吸收”，与选项B“catches（捕捉、吸收）”意思接近，故选B。
3. 解析：逐一分析选项：A选项，消费者包括吃生产者的昆虫等，不只是吃肉的动物，错误；B选项，原文提到“some producers use chemical energy instead of sunlight to make food”，说明生产者不都依赖阳光，错误；C选项，分解者能将死的动植物能量放回土壤，对生态有益，并非危险，错误；D选项，原文指出“The food chain includes all living things on the earth and is complex.”，说明每个生物对地球都重要，正确，故选D。
【答案】1.D 2.B 3.D
【知识点】食物链、词义猜测、阅读理解
【点评】本题为跨学科生物阅读理解题，难度中等，重点考查对原文概念的理解、词义推断及信息提取能力，需要学生准确把握各生态角色的定义，结合选项逐一分析。
【难度系数】0.6
