Ⅲ. Choose the best answer and complete the passage（选择最恰当的选项完成短文）
3D Printing Builds the Homes of Tomorrow
Years ago, when people wanted to build a new house, they had to wait for many months. Workers needed to dig the ground, build the walls and put on the roof. But 1 has been changed by a new technology — 3D printing.
In 2019, a building in Dubai was finished with the help of a giant 3D 2. It was a two-storey office building. The whole building 3 in only seventeen days. Workers only needed to “print” the walls and other parts. After that, the parts were put together quickly.
3D printing has many 4. First, it is fast. A small house can be built in a few days. Second, it can save money because fewer 5 are needed. Third, it can produce less waste, so it is good for the 6.
However, 3D printing also has some problems. The machines are very 7, and not many companies can afford them. Some people also worry that workers may lose their 8 in the future.
() 1. A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything
() 2. A. printer B. computer C. camera D. television
() 3. A. is finished B. has finished C. was finished D. finished
() 4. A. problems B. advantages C. mistakes D. dreams
() 5. A. workers B. teachers C. drivers D. doctors
() 6. A. building B. school C. environment D. printer
() 7. A. small B. cheap C. light D. expensive
() 8. A. lessons B. jobs C. friends D. houses

1. A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. B

【分析】本题为科技类完形填空，需结合上下文语境、词汇含义、语法知识（时态、语态）解题。需先通读全文把握主旨，再逐题分析空格前后的逻辑关系，结合词汇辨析和语法规则选出最佳选项。
【解析】1. 前文提到传统建房子耗时久，后文指出3D打印改变了这种状况，everything表示“一切”，符合语境，故选A。2. 3D打印的核心设备是打印机，printer符合，故选A。3. 时间状语为2019年（过去时间），建筑是“被完成”，需用一般过去时的被动语态was finished，故选C。4. 后文讲述3D打印的好处（速度快、省钱、少浪费），advantages表示“优点”，符合，故选B。5. 3D打印节省成本是因为需要更少工人，workers符合，故选A。6. 少浪费对环境有益，environment符合，故选C。7. 后文提到公司买不起，说明机器昂贵，expensive符合，故选D。8. 3D打印可能减少对工人的需求，导致工人失去工作，jobs符合，故选B。
【答案】1.A 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.D 8.B
【知识点】完形填空解题、词汇辨析、时态语态
【点评】本题围绕3D打印建筑展开，考查学生的语境分析、词汇运用及语法能力，是典型的初中英语完形填空题型，逻辑清晰，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.5

Ⅳ. Read the passage and complete the tasks（根据短文内容完成任务）
The Master Carpenter’s Secret
In 1406, a brilliant young master carpenter named Kuai Xiang arrived in the dusty city of Beijing. The emperor had just ordered the construction of a massive new imperial palace, which would later be known as the Forbidden City. The emperor wanted this palace to show the immense power of the Ming Dynasty to the entire world. Because of his incredible skill with wood and design, Kuai Xiang was chosen as a principal architect for this giant project. He was only in his early thirties,
but he carried a heavy responsibility on his shoulders.
Kuai Xiang faced a major challenge almost immediately. The Beijing region suffered from heavy earthquakes, strong winds and extreme seasonal weather. Traditional brick buildings could easily crack and collapse under these harsh conditions. To build structures that could survive for centuries, Kuai Xiang used dougong — an ancient Chinese system of interlocking wooden joints. Over a million labourers and one hundred thousand skilled artisans worked under the guidance of masters like Kuai. Together, they cut and shaped thousands of pieces of precious wood. 他们修建了数十座宏伟的宫殿，全程未使用任何金属钉子或黏合剂。
When the construction was finally finished in 1420, Kuai Xiang’s design proved to be a masterpiece of engineering. During a major earthquake, the flexible dougong joints allowed the heavy wooden buildings to shift, sway and safely absorb the dangerous energy of the ground instead of collapsing. Emperor Yongle was so deeply impressed by the beauty and strength of the palace that he promoted Kuai Xiang to a high government position. Today, his architectural layout still stands perfectly intact in the heart of Beijing, attracting millions of travellers who marvel at his ancient wisdom.
Looking at these great wooden halls more than six hundred years later, I cannot help thinking that
.
Task 1: Answer the questions.
1. Why was Kuai Xiang chosen as a principal architect for the palace?

2. According to Paragraph 2, why could traditional brick buildings NOT safely survive in the Beijing region? (List TWO reasons)

3. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 into English.

4. During a major earthquake, how did the dougong joints help the palace stand safely instead of collapsing?

5. Why do you think Emperor Yongle promoted Kuai Xiang to a high government position after the palace was finished?

Task 2:
Looking at these great wooden halls more than six hundred years later, I cannot help thinking that

（供参考）
1. Because of his incredible skill with wood and design.
2. The region suffered from heavy earthquakes./There were strong winds; the seasonal weather was extreme./Under these harsh conditions traditional brick buildings could easily crack and collapse.
3. They built dozens of massive halls/palaces entirely without using a single metal nail or any glue.
4. They allowed the heavy wooden buildings to shift, sway and safely absorb the dangerous energy of the ground.
5. Because the emperor was deeply impressed by his talent and wanted to reward him for the great honour he had brought to the Ming Dynasty.
6. real wisdom never grows old. Kuai Xiang teaches us that with patience, careful study and deep respect for nature, ordinary craftsmen can build something so strong and beautiful that even six hundred years cannot wear it away.

【分析】
针对本题的阅读理解任务，解题思路如下：Task1的1-5小题为细节类题目，需定位原文对应段落，提取关键信息作答；第3题是汉译英，需准确对应原句语义，确保词汇和语句通顺；Task2为主旨类开放性题目，需结合短文核心主旨（古代工匠的智慧、技艺价值），写出贴合语境的感悟。
【解析】
Task1：
1. 定位原文第一段，找到蒯祥被选为总建筑师的原因：“Because of his incredible skill with wood and design”，直接提取即可；
2. 锁定第二段，提取北京地区导致传统砖房无法存活的两个恶劣条件：heavy earthquakes、strong winds（或extreme seasonal weather）；
3. 划线句汉译英：“数十座宏伟的宫殿”译为dozens of massive palaces，“未使用任何金属钉子或黏合剂”译为entirely without using a single metal nail or any glue，整合为完整句子；
4. 定位第三段，提取斗拱在地震中的作用：“allowed the heavy wooden buildings to shift, sway and safely absorb the dangerous energy of the ground”；
5. 定位第三段，找到皇帝提拔蒯祥的原因：皇帝被宫殿的beauty and strength打动，对应原文表述；
Task2：结合短文体现的古代工匠智慧与技艺的持久价值，围绕“智慧的永恒性、工匠精神”等核心展开，写出符合要求的感悟。
【答案】
1. Because of his incredible skill with wood and design.
2. The region suffered from heavy earthquakes; There were strong winds.
3. They built dozens of massive palaces entirely without using a single metal nail or any glue.
4. They allowed the heavy wooden buildings to shift, sway and safely absorb the dangerous energy of the ground.
5. Because the emperor was deeply impressed by his talent and wanted to reward him for the great honour he had brought to the Ming Dynasty.
6. real wisdom never grows old. Kuai Xiang teaches us that with patience, careful study and deep respect for nature, ordinary craftsmen can build something so strong and beautiful that even six hundred years cannot wear it away.
【知识点】
英语阅读理解（细节理解）、汉译英、主旨表达
【点评】
本题围绕中国古代建筑大师蒯祥的事迹展开，融合传统文化元素，考察学生的细节查找、翻译及开放性表达能力，有助于学生了解古代建筑智慧与工匠精神。
【难度系数】
0.6