三、根据汉语意思翻译下列句子,每空一词。
1. 火星和月球的探索将会继续进行。
The exploration of the planet Mars and the moon .
2. 人们期待载人登月任务将在2030年前后开展。
that a manned mission to the moon will follow around 2030.
3. 该空间站一直被用于进行生物学、医学和材料方面的研究。
The space station has on biology, medicine, and materials.
4. 人们相信,我们对月球和宇宙的了解将大大加深。
that our understanding of the moon and the universe greatly .
5. 天宫空间站还将继续与德国、意大利和俄罗斯在科学研究方面进行合作。
The Tiangong space station will also its with Germany, Italy, and Russia on .

1. will be continued
2. It's hoped / expected
3. been used to do research
4. It is believed; will be improved
5. continue; cooperation; scientific research

【分析】
1. 第1题：句子主语是“火星和月球的探索”，动作“继续”与主语是被动关系，且描述将来的动作，需用一般将来时的被动语态；第2题：考查固定句型，“人们期待/希望……”对应常用表达It's hoped/expected that...；第3题：现在完成时的被动语态，be used to do sth表示“被用来做某事”，需结合语境填研究相关内容；第4题：开头是固定句型It is believed that...（人们相信……），从句中“了解”与“加深”是被动关系，用一般将来时的被动语态；第5题：will后接动词原形，“合作”是名词，“科学研究”是固定短语，结合语境填空。
【解析】
1. 第1题：主语the exploration与动词continue为被动关系，表将来动作，故用一般将来时被动语态，结构为“will be + 过去分词”，填will be continued；
2. 第2题：固定句型It's hoped/expected that...表示“人们期待/希望……”，符合语境，填It's hoped/expected；
3. 第3题：现在完成时被动语态结构为“has been + 过去分词”，be used to do sth表“被用来做某事”，结合“研究”的语义，填been used to do research；
4. 第4题：固定句型It is believed that...表“人们相信……”，从句中our understanding与improve为被动关系，表将来结果，用一般将来时被动语态“will be improved”，故填It is believed; will be improved；
5. 第5题：will后接动词原形continue，“合作”对应名词cooperation，“科学研究”为固定短语scientific research，故填continue; cooperation; scientific research。
【答案】
1. will be continued
2. It's hoped / expected
3. been used to do research
4. It is believed; will be improved
5. continue; cooperation; scientific research
【知识点】
被动语态的运用，固定句型的掌握，固定短语的搭配
【点评】
本题聚焦英语基础语法中的被动语态、常用固定句型及短语搭配，题型为常见的汉译英填空，考查学生对核心语法和固定表达的掌握程度，属于难度适中的基础题。
【难度系数】
0.7

四、根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
Have you heard of China’s Tiangong space station? How much do you know about the lives of astronauts working on the space station? Come along and find out!
For astronauts in space, exercise is important. The environment is very different in space. Doing sports can help astronauts stay healthy. How do they exercise? There is an exercise bike, a running machine, and other fitness equipment on the space station. The equipment makes it easy for astronauts to exercise.
Astronauts live in a weightless environment, so they can’t take normal showers as we do on the Earth. Water is very precious in space, so astronauts usually use wet towels to clean themselves.
What do astronauts eat on the space station? Breakfast may include bread and porridge, and there are also traditional Chinese dishes like Gongbao chicken, fried rice, and fried noodles. There is a special “fridge” to store the food. It uses aerogel（气凝胶）to keep meals at proper temperatures.
What if astronauts miss their family members? There is special communication equipment on the space station. Astronauts can make private space-to-ground calls to their loved ones. Usually, astronauts wear headsets（耳机）. They not only help astronauts talk with each other, but also allow astronauts to talk to the ground from anywhere in the station.
What do you think of the lives of astronauts?
()1. How does the writer start the text?
A. By using sayings.
B. By listing numbers.
C. By asking questions.
D. By giving examples.
()2. What does the underlined part “fitness equipment” probably mean in Paragraph 2?
A. Tools for storing food.
B. Machines for exercising.
C. Products for staying clean.
D. Devices for communicating.
()3. What can we learn from the text?
A. The aerogel is used to cook different dishes.
B. Astronauts use dry towels to clean their bodies.
C. Astronauts hardly exercise on the space station.
D. It’s convenient for astronauts to make space-to-ground calls.
()4. What is the structure of the text? (①=Paragraph 1, ②=Paragraph 2 ...)
A. ①/②③④/⑤⑥
B. ①/②③④⑤/⑥
C. ①②/③④/⑤⑥
D. ①②③/④⑤/⑥
()5. What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the text?
A. To introduce China’s Tiangong space station.
B. To invite people to travel to the space station.
C. To tell us the lives of astronauts in space.
D. To describe the difficulties of living in space.

1. C
2. B
3. D
4. B
5. C

【分析】
本题是关于中国天宫空间站宇航员生活的英语阅读理解题，共5道小题，分别考查文章开头方式、词义猜测、细节理解、文章结构及写作目的。解题思路为：1. 通读全文把握主旨（介绍天宫空间站宇航员的日常工作生活）；2. 针对每道小题定位原文对应内容，结合选项逐一分析排除：第1题找开头的提问方式，第2题结合语境猜测短语含义，第3题核对原文细节与选项一致性，第4题划分段落逻辑结构，第5题判断作者写作意图。
【解析】
1. 第1题：原文第一段开头使用两个问句“Have you heard of China’s Tiangong space station? How much do you know about the lives of astronauts working on the space station?”，可知作者通过提问开启文章，对应选项C。
2. 第2题：第二段围绕宇航员锻炼展开，提到“exercise bike（健身自行车）、running machine（跑步机）”等锻炼器械，故“fitness equipment”意为“锻炼用的器械”，对应选项B。
3. 第3题：A选项气凝胶用于保持食物适宜温度而非做饭，错误；B选项宇航员用湿毛巾清洁而非干毛巾，错误；C选项宇航员有专门锻炼设备并非几乎不锻炼，错误；D选项原文提到宇航员可打私人天地电话，说明方便，正确，对应选项D。
4. 第4题：段落①引出“天宫空间站宇航员生活”的话题；段落②-⑤分别介绍宇航员的锻炼、清洁、饮食、通讯情况；段落⑥是结尾提问，故结构为①/②③④⑤/⑥，对应选项B。
5. 第5题：全文围绕中国天宫空间站宇航员的日常生活展开介绍，作者写作目的是告诉我们宇航员在太空的生活，对应选项C。
【答案】
1.C 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.C
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解、词义猜测
【点评】
本文是介绍中国天宫空间站宇航员日常工作生活的英语阅读材料，题型涵盖初中英语阅读核心考点，难度适中，要求学生具备快速定位原文、分析词义、梳理结构及把握主旨的能力，是典型的基础阅读考查题。
【难度系数】
0.6