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Ⅳ. 完形填空。
Inventions, important creations worldwide, demand careful thinking. When a person aspires to an invention, he must have creative ideas.
First, he is to prepare enough materials for his invention. These materials need to be proper. They should not only meet the of the invention but also be cheap and easy to get. , a lot of practice is also important. The inventor will be actively involved in his invention many times. He must be well-trained, possessing necessary skills, and be to keep trying.
During the invention process, every step must be operated carefully. The steps should be arranged to ensure success. Meanwhile, the inventor is expected to stay creative.
After the invention succeeds, it can benefit people. These inventions can be for many years and change our lives.
()1. A. create B. look for C. care for
()2. A. happy B. supposed C. used
()3. A. dreams B. wants C. needs
()4. A. However B. Besides C. Otherwise
()5. A. solving B. making C. testing
()6. A. patient B. polite C. kind-hearted
()7. A. rapidly B. exactly C. widely
()8. A. used B. made C. got
Inventions, important creations worldwide, demand careful thinking. When a person aspires to an invention, he must have creative ideas.
First, he is to prepare enough materials for his invention. These materials need to be proper. They should not only meet the of the invention but also be cheap and easy to get. , a lot of practice is also important. The inventor will be actively involved in his invention many times. He must be well-trained, possessing necessary skills, and be to keep trying.
During the invention process, every step must be operated carefully. The steps should be arranged to ensure success. Meanwhile, the inventor is expected to stay creative.
After the invention succeeds, it can benefit people. These inventions can be for many years and change our lives.
()1. A. create B. look for C. care for
()2. A. happy B. supposed C. used
()3. A. dreams B. wants C. needs
()4. A. However B. Besides C. Otherwise
()5. A. solving B. making C. testing
()6. A. patient B. polite C. kind-hearted
()7. A. rapidly B. exactly C. widely
()8. A. used B. made C. got
答案
1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.A
解析
【分析】
首先通读全文，理解文章主旨是介绍发明所需的条件，再逐空结合上下文语境、固定搭配、词义辨析分析选项：第1空对应“创造发明”的语义；第2空考固定搭配；第3空考材料与发明需求的匹配；第4空考逻辑关系；第5空考发明过程的动作；第6空考坚持所需的品质；第7空考步骤安排的要求；第8空考发明的用途。
【解析】
1. 考查动词词义辨析。create意为“创造”，look for意为“寻找”，care for意为“关心”。结合前文“Inventions...demand careful thinking”，此处指创造发明，选A。
2. 考查固定搭配。be supposed to do sth.是固定用法，意为“应该做某事”，符合语境，选B。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。dreams意为“梦想”，wants意为“欲望”，needs意为“需求”。此处指材料要满足发明的需求，选C。
4. 考查副词词义辨析。however表转折，besides表递进，otherwise表否则。前文讲准备材料，后文讲练习，是递进关系，选B。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。solve意为“解决”，make意为“制作”，test意为“测试”。发明过程中需多次测试，选C。
6. 考查形容词词义辨析。patient意为“耐心的”，polite意为“礼貌的”，kind-hearted意为“好心的”。坚持尝试需要耐心，选A。
7. 考查副词词义辨析。rapidly意为“快速地”，exactly意为“精确地”，widely意为“广泛地”。步骤需精确安排确保成功，选B。
8. 考查动词词义辨析。use意为“使用”，make意为“制作”，get意为“得到”。发明可被使用多年，选A。
【答案】1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.A
【知识点】完形填空解题技巧、词义辨析、固定搭配
【点评】本题是关于发明的完形填空，难度适中，考查学生对语境的理解、词汇辨析及固定搭配的掌握，是初中英语常见题型，能有效考察综合语言运用能力。
【难度系数】0.6
首先通读全文，理解文章主旨是介绍发明所需的条件，再逐空结合上下文语境、固定搭配、词义辨析分析选项：第1空对应“创造发明”的语义；第2空考固定搭配；第3空考材料与发明需求的匹配；第4空考逻辑关系；第5空考发明过程的动作；第6空考坚持所需的品质；第7空考步骤安排的要求；第8空考发明的用途。
【解析】
1. 考查动词词义辨析。create意为“创造”，look for意为“寻找”，care for意为“关心”。结合前文“Inventions...demand careful thinking”，此处指创造发明，选A。
2. 考查固定搭配。be supposed to do sth.是固定用法，意为“应该做某事”，符合语境，选B。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。dreams意为“梦想”，wants意为“欲望”，needs意为“需求”。此处指材料要满足发明的需求，选C。
4. 考查副词词义辨析。however表转折，besides表递进，otherwise表否则。前文讲准备材料，后文讲练习，是递进关系，选B。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。solve意为“解决”，make意为“制作”，test意为“测试”。发明过程中需多次测试，选C。
6. 考查形容词词义辨析。patient意为“耐心的”，polite意为“礼貌的”，kind-hearted意为“好心的”。坚持尝试需要耐心，选A。
7. 考查副词词义辨析。rapidly意为“快速地”，exactly意为“精确地”，widely意为“广泛地”。步骤需精确安排确保成功，选B。
8. 考查动词词义辨析。use意为“使用”，make意为“制作”，get意为“得到”。发明可被使用多年，选A。
【答案】1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.C 6.A 7.B 8.A
【知识点】完形填空解题技巧、词义辨析、固定搭配
【点评】本题是关于发明的完形填空，难度适中，考查学生对语境的理解、词汇辨析及固定搭配的掌握，是初中英语常见题型，能有效考察综合语言运用能力。
【难度系数】0.6
Ⅴ. 阅读下面语篇，从每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出一个最佳选项。
Though chopsticks are used in many Asian countries today, they have their beginnings in China. However, the earliest chopsticks were not called kuaizi. According to records, they were called jia in the pre-Qin period and zhu in the Han Dynasty, and it was not until the Ming Dynasty that they began to be called kuai.
Chopsticks are made of different kinds of materials including gold, silver, bamboo, and wood. There are more than 200 types of chopsticks now. Among them, bamboo chopsticks are the most widely used.
Chopsticks tell us something about Chinese tradition in their own way. In ancient times, some people used gold chopsticks to show they were rich. In history, many kings used silver chopsticks to take their food to see if it was poisonous. It was said that if it was, the silver chopsticks would change colour. If it wasn’t, the food would be safe. It’s traditional to give chopsticks to a daughter when she marries. They carry the wish that she will have a baby very soon, for “chopsticks” has a similar pronunciation to “quick a son” in Chinese.
An old Chinese story also mentions chopsticks. An old man teaches his sons a lesson by showing how he can easily break a single chopstick by hand but not a number of them. The story is popular with many people, and it always encourages people to work together.
()1. When did chopsticks get the name of kuai?
A. In the pre-Qin period.
B. In the Han Dynasty.
C. In the Ming Dynasty.
()2. Which chopsticks are the most widely used?
A. Silver chopsticks.
B. Bamboo chopsticks.
C. Wooden chopsticks.
()3. What does the underlined word “poisonous” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese?
A. 煮熟的 B. 美味的 C. 有毒的
()4. Why are chopsticks given to a daughter when she marries?
A. To remind her to eat on time.
B. To wish her to have a baby soon.
C. To give her a tool to miss her family.
()5. What does the story mentioned in the last paragraph want to tell us?
A. People should work together.
B. Help from others should be accepted.
C. It is good for people to use chopsticks.
Though chopsticks are used in many Asian countries today, they have their beginnings in China. However, the earliest chopsticks were not called kuaizi. According to records, they were called jia in the pre-Qin period and zhu in the Han Dynasty, and it was not until the Ming Dynasty that they began to be called kuai.
Chopsticks are made of different kinds of materials including gold, silver, bamboo, and wood. There are more than 200 types of chopsticks now. Among them, bamboo chopsticks are the most widely used.
Chopsticks tell us something about Chinese tradition in their own way. In ancient times, some people used gold chopsticks to show they were rich. In history, many kings used silver chopsticks to take their food to see if it was poisonous. It was said that if it was, the silver chopsticks would change colour. If it wasn’t, the food would be safe. It’s traditional to give chopsticks to a daughter when she marries. They carry the wish that she will have a baby very soon, for “chopsticks” has a similar pronunciation to “quick a son” in Chinese.
An old Chinese story also mentions chopsticks. An old man teaches his sons a lesson by showing how he can easily break a single chopstick by hand but not a number of them. The story is popular with many people, and it always encourages people to work together.
()1. When did chopsticks get the name of kuai?
A. In the pre-Qin period.
B. In the Han Dynasty.
C. In the Ming Dynasty.
()2. Which chopsticks are the most widely used?
A. Silver chopsticks.
B. Bamboo chopsticks.
C. Wooden chopsticks.
()3. What does the underlined word “poisonous” in Paragraph 3 mean in Chinese?
A. 煮熟的 B. 美味的 C. 有毒的
()4. Why are chopsticks given to a daughter when she marries?
A. To remind her to eat on time.
B. To wish her to have a baby soon.
C. To give her a tool to miss her family.
()5. What does the story mentioned in the last paragraph want to tell us?
A. People should work together.
B. Help from others should be accepted.
C. It is good for people to use chopsticks.
答案
1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A
解析
【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解题，需通过定位原文对应信息解答各小题：1题定位筷子被称为“kuai”的时间；2题定位最广泛使用的筷子类型；3题结合上下文猜测“poisonous”词义；4题定位嫁女儿送筷子的原因；5题定位最后一段故事的寓意。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题，根据原文第一段最后一句“it was not until the Ming Dynasty that they began to be called kuai”，可知筷子在明代被称为“kuai”，故选C。
2. 细节理解题，根据原文第二段最后一句“bamboo chopsticks are the most widely used”，可知竹制筷子使用最广泛，故选B。
3. 词义猜测题，根据原文第三段“many kings used silver chopsticks to take their food to see if it was poisonous. It was said that if it was, the silver chopsticks would change colour”，可知银筷变色是因为食物有毒，故“poisonous”意为“有毒的”，选C。
4. 细节理解题，根据原文第三段最后一句“They carry the wish that she will have a baby very soon”，可知嫁女儿送筷子是希望她早日生子，故选B。
5. 细节理解题，根据原文最后一段最后一句“it always encourages people to work together”，可知故事寓意是人们应合作，故选A。
【答案】
1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A
【知识点】
英语阅读理解，细节理解，词义猜测
【点评】
本题围绕筷子的起源、材质、文化寓意及相关故事设题，考查学生快速提取语篇关键信息、猜测词义的能力，题目难度较低，只要仔细阅读原文即可正确作答。
【难度系数】
0.7
本题为英语阅读理解题，需通过定位原文对应信息解答各小题：1题定位筷子被称为“kuai”的时间；2题定位最广泛使用的筷子类型；3题结合上下文猜测“poisonous”词义；4题定位嫁女儿送筷子的原因；5题定位最后一段故事的寓意。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题，根据原文第一段最后一句“it was not until the Ming Dynasty that they began to be called kuai”，可知筷子在明代被称为“kuai”，故选C。
2. 细节理解题，根据原文第二段最后一句“bamboo chopsticks are the most widely used”，可知竹制筷子使用最广泛，故选B。
3. 词义猜测题，根据原文第三段“many kings used silver chopsticks to take their food to see if it was poisonous. It was said that if it was, the silver chopsticks would change colour”，可知银筷变色是因为食物有毒，故“poisonous”意为“有毒的”，选C。
4. 细节理解题，根据原文第三段最后一句“They carry the wish that she will have a baby very soon”，可知嫁女儿送筷子是希望她早日生子，故选B。
5. 细节理解题，根据原文最后一段最后一句“it always encourages people to work together”，可知故事寓意是人们应合作，故选A。
【答案】
1.C 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A
【知识点】
英语阅读理解，细节理解，词义猜测
【点评】
本题围绕筷子的起源、材质、文化寓意及相关故事设题，考查学生快速提取语篇关键信息、猜测词义的能力，题目难度较低，只要仔细阅读原文即可正确作答。
【难度系数】
0.7
