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C
体裁: 说明文 主题: 科普知识 难度: ★★★★★ 建议用时: 8 min 正确率: /4
Spatial(空间) learning is an important skill in the animal kingdom. This is because it helps animals find food when it's not easily available. Insects such as bees and ants are known to do this.
A recent study has found that the butterfly also has the ability of spatial learning. This butterfly comes from South and Central America. And it's famous for different types of wing patterns.
In the study, the research team carried out spatial learning experiments(实验) on butterflies under three different spatial conditions. First, they tested the insect's ability to learn where the real food was in a 1-square-meter space made up of 16 fake flowers. This test represented(代表) looking for food in a single(单一的) area.
▲ And they tested if the butterflies could learn to connect food with either the left or right side of a 3-square-meter two-armed maze(迷宫), representing many plants at a single place.
The team then increased the distances again. They used large outdoor cages to test if the butterflies could learn where the food was in a 60-meter-wide maze. This maze looks like the letter T. This test represented looking for food in the wild. This was closer to the conditions in which the insect finds food in the wild.
The experiments on butterflies show signs of spatial learning—they can remember the spatial location of their food. In the future studies, the team plans to test if they are better at spatial learning than closely-related species(近亲物种).
1. Why is spatial learning important to animals?
A. It helps animals find food more easily.
B. It makes it possible for animals to keep in touch.
C. It helps animals to find the best place to live.
D. It improves the animals' ability to have a family.
2. 新趋势·补全文章 Which of the following can be put in “ ▲ ”?
＞＞ 补全文章题解题策略见 P31 重点精讲
A. In fact, all butterflies are good travelers.
B. Then the team introduced another butterfly.
C. Next, the team made the space a little bigger.
D. The insects have been found to have other skills.
3. How was the third experiment different from the first two?
＞＞ 细节推理题
A. It was done in a real, natural environment.
B. It found out the way the butterfly makes friends.
C. It studies the butterfly's memory of flower colors.
D. It offered a more realistic experimental condition.
4. 新趋势·篇章结构 What's the structure of the passage? (P=Paragraph)
＞＞ 篇章结构题解题策略见 P105 重点精讲
体裁: 说明文 主题: 科普知识 难度: ★★★★★ 建议用时: 8 min 正确率: /4
Spatial(空间) learning is an important skill in the animal kingdom. This is because it helps animals find food when it's not easily available. Insects such as bees and ants are known to do this.
A recent study has found that the butterfly also has the ability of spatial learning. This butterfly comes from South and Central America. And it's famous for different types of wing patterns.
In the study, the research team carried out spatial learning experiments(实验) on butterflies under three different spatial conditions. First, they tested the insect's ability to learn where the real food was in a 1-square-meter space made up of 16 fake flowers. This test represented(代表) looking for food in a single(单一的) area.
▲ And they tested if the butterflies could learn to connect food with either the left or right side of a 3-square-meter two-armed maze(迷宫), representing many plants at a single place.
The team then increased the distances again. They used large outdoor cages to test if the butterflies could learn where the food was in a 60-meter-wide maze. This maze looks like the letter T. This test represented looking for food in the wild. This was closer to the conditions in which the insect finds food in the wild.
The experiments on butterflies show signs of spatial learning—they can remember the spatial location of their food. In the future studies, the team plans to test if they are better at spatial learning than closely-related species(近亲物种).
1. Why is spatial learning important to animals?
A. It helps animals find food more easily.
B. It makes it possible for animals to keep in touch.
C. It helps animals to find the best place to live.
D. It improves the animals' ability to have a family.
2. 新趋势·补全文章 Which of the following can be put in “ ▲ ”?
＞＞ 补全文章题解题策略见 P31 重点精讲
A. In fact, all butterflies are good travelers.
B. Then the team introduced another butterfly.
C. Next, the team made the space a little bigger.
D. The insects have been found to have other skills.
3. How was the third experiment different from the first two?
＞＞ 细节推理题
A. It was done in a real, natural environment.
B. It found out the way the butterfly makes friends.
C. It studies the butterfly's memory of flower colors.
D. It offered a more realistic experimental condition.
4. 新趋势·篇章结构 What's the structure of the passage? (P=Paragraph)
＞＞ 篇章结构题解题策略见 P105 重点精讲
答案
C
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了动物世界里的动物们有着空间学习的能力，科学家也做了实验来论证这一观点。
1. A 细节理解题。根据“Spatial learning is an important skill in the animal kingdom. This is because it helps animals find food when it's not easily available.”可知因为它可以帮助动物更容易地找到食物。故选 A。
2. C 补全文章题。根据上文“First, they tested the insect's ability to learn where the real food was in a 1-square-meter space made up of 16 fake flowers.”，再结合设空处后的“And they tested if the butterflies could learn to connect food with either the left or right side of a 3-square-meter two-armed maze”可知下文的测试范围变大了，因此选项 C“然后，研究小组再次扩大了空间范围。”符合语境。故选 C。
3. D 推理判断题。根据“This was closer to the conditions in which the insect finds food in the wild.”可知这更接近于昆虫在野外寻找食物的条件，因此第三次实验中提供了一个更现实的实验条件。故选 D。
＞＞ 细节推理题
4. A 篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段介绍了空间学习在动物中的重要性；第二段介绍了来自美洲的蝴蝶也有这样的技能；第三段至第五段为科学家做的三次实验；最后一段给出结论：动物可以记住食物的空间位置。因此选项 A 的结构图符合文意。故选 A。
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了动物世界里的动物们有着空间学习的能力，科学家也做了实验来论证这一观点。
1. A 细节理解题。根据“Spatial learning is an important skill in the animal kingdom. This is because it helps animals find food when it's not easily available.”可知因为它可以帮助动物更容易地找到食物。故选 A。
2. C 补全文章题。根据上文“First, they tested the insect's ability to learn where the real food was in a 1-square-meter space made up of 16 fake flowers.”，再结合设空处后的“And they tested if the butterflies could learn to connect food with either the left or right side of a 3-square-meter two-armed maze”可知下文的测试范围变大了，因此选项 C“然后，研究小组再次扩大了空间范围。”符合语境。故选 C。
3. D 推理判断题。根据“This was closer to the conditions in which the insect finds food in the wild.”可知这更接近于昆虫在野外寻找食物的条件，因此第三次实验中提供了一个更现实的实验条件。故选 D。
＞＞ 细节推理题
4. A 篇章结构题。通读全文可知，第一段介绍了空间学习在动物中的重要性；第二段介绍了来自美洲的蝴蝶也有这样的技能；第三段至第五段为科学家做的三次实验；最后一段给出结论：动物可以记住食物的空间位置。因此选项 A 的结构图符合文意。故选 A。
解析
【分析】
要解决第4题的篇章结构问题，需先梳理文章各段落的作用：第一段引入空间学习对动物的重要性；第二段说明蝴蝶也具备空间学习能力；第三至第五段详细介绍研究团队开展的三次空间学习实验；最后一段总结实验结论并提及未来研究计划。据此匹配对应的篇章结构图。
【解析】
文章结构分析：
1. 第一段：总起，介绍空间学习是动物界的重要技能，原因是帮助动物找食物；
2. 第二段：引出说明对象——来自美洲的蝴蝶也有空间学习能力；
3. 第三至第五段：分述研究团队进行的三次不同空间条件的实验；
4. 最后一段：总结实验结果（蝴蝶能记住食物的空间位置），并展望未来研究方向。
整体为“总-分-总”结构，对应选项A的结构图。
【答案】
A
【知识点】
说明文篇章结构、细节理解题、补全文章题
【点评】
本题考查阅读理解的篇章结构分析，需学生梳理文章段落逻辑，明确各部分的作用，同时结合细节理解、补全文章等题型的解题方法，综合判断文章结构，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5
要解决第4题的篇章结构问题，需先梳理文章各段落的作用：第一段引入空间学习对动物的重要性；第二段说明蝴蝶也具备空间学习能力；第三至第五段详细介绍研究团队开展的三次空间学习实验；最后一段总结实验结论并提及未来研究计划。据此匹配对应的篇章结构图。
【解析】
文章结构分析：
1. 第一段：总起，介绍空间学习是动物界的重要技能，原因是帮助动物找食物；
2. 第二段：引出说明对象——来自美洲的蝴蝶也有空间学习能力；
3. 第三至第五段：分述研究团队进行的三次不同空间条件的实验；
4. 最后一段：总结实验结果（蝴蝶能记住食物的空间位置），并展望未来研究方向。
整体为“总-分-总”结构，对应选项A的结构图。
【答案】
A
【知识点】
说明文篇章结构、细节理解题、补全文章题
【点评】
本题考查阅读理解的篇章结构分析，需学生梳理文章段落逻辑，明确各部分的作用，同时结合细节理解、补全文章等题型的解题方法，综合判断文章结构，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5
