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How much do you know about Chinese oil-paper umbrellas? They are not just tools to keep people away from rain or sunlight, but also works of art with rich cultural meaning in China.
Chinese oil-paper umbrellas are one of the world's oldest umbrellas. According to historical records, the first oil-paper umbrella came out during the Eastern Han Dynasty. They soon became very popular, especially among the literati. They loved to write and draw on the umbrella to show their literacy tastes and painting skills.
Oil-paper umbrellas are a necessary part of traditional Chinese weddings. A red oil-paper umbrella is needed when the bride goes into the groom's home. That's because people believe the umbrella can help stop bad luck. Also, oil paper sounds like youzi in Chinese, and it means having children.
It takes quite a lot of time and efforts to make a Chinese oil-paper umbrella by hand. Luzhou in south-west China's Sichuan Province is now the only main place for producing handmade oil-paper umbrellas. There, craftsmen must complete more than 90 steps and use over 100 different tools to make a single umbrella. With all their efforts, a traditional oil-paper umbrella can stand strong winds and 3,000 openings and closings.
词汇
literati /ˌlɪtə'rɑːti/ n. 文人学士
wedding /ˈwedɪŋ/ n. 婚礼
bride /braɪd/ n. 新娘
groom /gruːm/ n. 新郎
effort /ˈefət/ n. 努力
craftsman /ˈkrɑːftsmən/ n. 手艺人
句型
With all their efforts, a traditional oil-paper umbrella can stand strong winds and 3,000 openings and closings.在他们的努力下,一把传统油纸伞能够经受住强风和3 000次的开合。
stand 作动词,句中意为"承受,经得起"。
⇒ I don't know how you can stand the heat.
理解
1. What did the literati like to do on the oil-paper umbrella?

2. List some facts about Chinese oil-paper umbrellas.

1. They loved to write and draw on the umbrella to show their literacy tastes and painting skills.
2. ①They are one of the world's oldest umbrellas. ②The first oil-paper umbrella came out during the Eastern Han Dynasty. ③They are a necessary part of traditional Chinese weddings. ④It takes quite a lot of time and efforts to make a Chinese oil-paper umbrella by hand. ⑤Luzhou in Sichuan Province is now the only main place for producing handmade oil-paper umbrellas. ⑥A traditional oil-paper umbrella can stand strong winds and 3,000 openings and closings.（写出任意3条及以上即可）

1. 可定位至文章第二段末尾句，从中提取文人在油纸伞上的行为内容即可作答。2. 需要从文章各段落提取关于中国油纸伞的相关事实，涉及历史起源、文化意义、制作工艺等方面。