训练2: （绍兴中考）The scientists discovered that the foods a dog might find in an owner's home such as eggs, fish, meat and vegetables may be better than a diet of just dog food. This is because having different kinds of foods leads to more variety(多样性) in microbes, which are little living things, too small to be seen with our eyes. There are millions of them in human and animal bodies. Some are bad for us, but many are good for us, and they play important roles in helping us digest(消化) food.
2. Paragraph 3 mainly explains why .

A.dogs need different kinds of foods
B.little living things stay in human bodies
C.scientists study dry processed food
D.people should keep dogs at home

2. A 段落大意题。根据全段内容，尤其是“This is because having different kinds of foods leads to more variety in microbes”可知本段主要解释了为什么狗需要不同种类的食物。

【分析】
本题为英语阅读理解的段落大意题，解题思路是先定位题目对应的段落，梳理段落的核心逻辑，找到段落主旨句，再逐一分析选项排除错误答案，最终确定正确选项。
【解析】
首先明确题型为段落大意题，定位题目对应的段落，该段落核心内容为：狗在主人家能找到的多种食物（如鸡蛋、鱼、肉、蔬菜等）比单一狗粮更好，原因是不同种类的食物会带来更多微生物多样性。由此可知，段落主要解释了狗需要不同种类食物的原因。逐一分析选项：B选项“微生物存在于人体”并非段落核心内容；C选项“科学家研究干粮”原文未提及；D选项“人们应在家养狗”与段落主旨无关，因此正确答案为A。
【答案】
A
【知识点】
英语阅读理解（段落大意题）
【点评】
本题是中考常见的基础段落大意题，要求学生准确抓取段落核心逻辑，难度适中，属于学生易掌握的题型。
【难度系数】
0.6

考点3 标题归纳题
例题3:(台州中考)The race is on to get more electric cars on the road ... We ask young readers what they think about electric cars.

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

A.Should all cars be electric?
B.Will cars be common in the future?
C.Can electric cars help slow climate change?
D.Are gas-powered cars bad for the environment?
解析:A 标题归纳题。根据“I think we should all have electric cars ...”和“I don't think all cars should be electric ...”可知本文主要介绍了两位学生对“所有汽车都应该是电动的”的看法。B项扩大主题；C、D项断章取义。

A

【分析】这是一道英语阅读理解中的标题归纳题，解题时需先梳理文章核心讨论的话题，再对比选项排除偏离主题的内容，选出最贴合文章主旨的标题。
【解析】本题为标题归纳题。根据文中两位学生的观点：Henry提出“I think we should all have electric cars ...”，Sandy表示“I don't think all cars should be electric ...”，可知文章核心围绕“是否所有汽车都应该是电动的”展开。A选项“Should all cars be electric?”（所有汽车都应该是电动的吗？）贴合核心话题；B选项讨论汽车未来是否普及，偏离“是否全电动”的主题；C选项聚焦电动车对气候变化的作用、D选项聚焦燃油车的环境影响，均为断章取义，不是文章讨论的核心。因此选A。
【答案】A
【知识点】标题归纳题，英语阅读理解
【点评】本题考查英语阅读理解的标题归纳能力，需准确把握文章核心话题，排除干扰选项，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6

训练3: （温州中考）A marathon is a long running race of 26.2 miles (42.195 kilometres) ...
As time goes by, the sport has become more than just a race ...
A marathon is quite a journey for runners to enjoy the run, challenge themselves and experience the culture. There is so much more behind the race for us to explore.
4. What's the best title for the passage?

A.Marathon: Not Just a Race
B.Marathon: Routes and Rules
C.Marathon: History and Themes
D.Marathon: A Race for Everyone

4. A 标题归纳题。根据“As time goes by, the sport has become more than just a race ...”可知本文主要介绍了马拉松不仅仅是比赛，它是一段享受跑步、挑战自我和体验文化的旅程。B、C项以偏概全；D项无中生有。

【分析】这是英语阅读理解中的标题归纳题，解题时需先定位文章主旨句，再逐一分析选项，排除片面表述或无中生有的选项。首先找到文中关键句“As time goes by, the sport has become more than just a race ...”，明确文章核心是马拉松不只是比赛，再对比各选项判断。
【解析】本题为标题归纳题，需结合文章主旨选择最佳标题。根据文中关键句“As time goes by, the sport has become more than just a race ...”可知，文章主要介绍马拉松不只是一场比赛，更是一段享受跑步、挑战自我、体验文化的旅程。选项B“马拉松：路线和规则”、C“马拉松：历史和主题”文中均未提及，属于无中生有；选项D“马拉松：适合所有人的比赛”文中无相关表述，为无中生有；只有选项A“马拉松：不只是一场比赛”契合文章主旨，故答案为A。
【答案】A
【知识点】英语阅读理解 标题归纳题
【点评】本题考查学生对文章主旨的把握能力，需准确提取核心信息，排除干扰项，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6

训练1 体裁：说明文 主题：人与动物 难度：★★★★★ 建议用时：8 min 正确率： /4
新素材·浣熊驯化（原创）Scientists have found that raccoons(浣熊) in the US are changing their appearance as they spend more time near humans. They think it's the start of "domestication", which is a type of evolution. Evolution is how living things change over time to fit with their surroundings and improve their chances of survival, and domestication means changing to fit into human environments.
In cities or towns where there are a lot of people, there is often food left in bins and not many big predators. Wild animals can gradually change to fit into this habitat(栖息地), domesticating themselves. Fully domesticated animals, like dogs and cats, often have smaller teeth, curly tails, short snouts, and floppy ears compared with their wild relatives, such as wolves and lions.
A team of students led by Raffaela Lesch studied almost 20,000 pictures of raccoons across the US. They found that raccoons living in cities had shorter snouts than their relatives living in the countryside.
Lesch says “rubbish is really the kickstarter” of it all. Raccoons are mainly active at night and are known for searching for food in rubbish bins. Getting to bins, which tend to be near humans, needs raccoons to be tame(驯服的)—or at least not very afraid of humans. It's worth it. As Lesch explains, “All they have to do is endure our presence, not be aggressive, and then they can enjoy anything we throw away”. Animals that evolve to show tamer behaviours also develop shorter snouts.
Some experts think that the physical signs of domestication, like floppy ears, help to make animals less threatening to humans or cute. However, not all scientists are convinced(信服) by Lesch's study or that raccoons could ever become truly domesticated; they are still wild animals.
1. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
＞＞ 段落大意题
A. The food wild animals eat in cities.
B. Why cities are good habitats for wildlife.
C. How domestication happens and its signs.
D. The differences between wild and domestic animals.
2. What does Lesch mean by saying “rubbish is really the kickstarter”?
A. Raccoons start looking for rubbish as food.
B. Rubbish helps raccoons become fully domesticated.
C. Rubbish allows raccoons and humans to live together.
D. Rubbish provides food and begins the process of change.
3. What is the writer's attitude（态度） towards the possibility of raccoons becoming truly domesticated?
A. Positive.
B. Worried.
C. Uncertain.
D. Uninterested.
4. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
＞＞ 标题归纳题
A. How Raccoons Search for Food at Night
B. Raccoons Are Being Domesticated as Pets
C. Why Wild Animals Start Living near Humans
D. Raccoons Are Changing in Human Environments

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究发现，美国浣熊因生活在人类附近而逐渐出现驯化特征。
1. C 段落大意题。根据第二段的内容可知，本段主要解释了动物如何在人类主导的环境中逐渐自我驯化，并举例子说明完全驯化动物的特征。故选C。
2. D 句意猜测题。根据下文“Raccoons are mainly active at night and are known for searching for food in rubbish bins. Getting to bins, which tend to be near humans, needs raccoons to be tame—or at least not very afraid of humans.”和“Animals that evolve to show tamer behaviours also develop shorter snouts.”可知浣熊会在垃圾桶里寻找食物，靠近垃圾桶让浣熊为适应人类环境而开始发生改变。故选D。
3. C 推理判断题。根据最后一段“However, not all scientists are convinced by Lesch's study or that raccoons could ever become truly domesticated; they are still wild animals.”可知并非所有科学家都相信浣熊能完全驯化，由此可知作者的态度是不确定的。故选C。
4. D 标题归纳题。结合文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了美国浣熊因生活在人类附近而逐渐出现驯化特征。故选D。

【分析】
1. 第1题是段落大意题，需梳理第二段内容：本段先说明野生动物会在人类多、天敌少的城市环境中自我驯化，再举例完全驯化动物的特征，核心是驯化的发生方式及特征，对应选项C。
2. 第2题是句意猜测题，需结合上下文逻辑：下文提到浣熊在人类附近的垃圾桶觅食，靠近垃圾桶需要浣熊变得温顺，进而引发身体特征变化，说明垃圾是浣熊适应人类环境、发生改变的开端，对应选项D。
3. 第3题是推理判断题，需定位最后一段关键信息：转折词“However”后指出并非所有科学家都信服浣熊能完全驯化，说明作者对浣熊真正被驯化的可能性持不确定态度，对应选项C。
4. 第4题是标题归纳题，需把握全文主旨：文章围绕美国浣熊因生活在人类附近而出现驯化相关的变化展开，对应选项D。
【解析】
1. 第1题：第二段主要讲述野生动物在人类主导的栖息地中自我驯化的过程，同时举例说明完全驯化动物的身体特征，因此段落大意是“如何发生驯化及其特征”，故选C。
2. 第2题：根据下文，浣熊在人类附近的垃圾桶觅食，靠近垃圾桶需要浣熊变得温顺，进而引发身体特征变化，说明垃圾是浣熊适应人类环境、发生改变的开端，故选D。
3. 第3题：最后一段提到并非所有科学家都相信浣熊能完全驯化，因此作者对浣熊真正被驯化的可能性持不确定态度，故选C。
4. 第4题：全文围绕美国浣熊因生活在人类附近而出现驯化相关的变化展开，因此最佳标题是“浣熊在人类环境中发生变化”，故选D。
【答案】
1.C 2.D 3.C 4.D
【知识点】
阅读理解、说明文阅读
【点评】
本文是一篇关于浣熊在人类环境中自我驯化的说明文，涵盖了阅读理解核心题型，需要学生梳理文本细节、把握主旨，考查学生的英语阅读理解综合能力，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5