2026年时代新课程八年级英语下册译林版第141页答案
一、词汇运用
1. To go green, most people choose
eco-friendly/green
(环保的) cloth bags for shopping.
2. The teacher asked us to list some of the main
causes
(原因) of air pollution in our report.
3. Local farmers are trying to improve the
soil
(土壤) quality with natural methods.
4. Several
trucks
(卡车) full of textbooks arrived at the countryside school this morning.
5. Drinking
unclean
(clean) water often leads to serious stomach problems and other illnesses.
6. It is
pouring
(pour) heavily, so we have to put off the school's outdoor activity.

答案

1. eco-friendly/green
2. causes
3. soil
4. trucks
5. unclean
6. pouring

解析

【分析】
这是初中英语词汇运用类题型,解题时可以按照两步走的思路:1. 先通读完整句子,理解句子整体含义,判断空格处所需的词性、数/时态等语法属性;2. 若给出中文提示,匹配对应语义的英文词汇,结合语法规则调整形式;若给出英文原形,结合语境逻辑和语法要求,对单词进行派生、变形得到正确答案。比如第5题看到后文说会引发胃病,就能反推空格要表达“不干净的”含义,对提示词clean做否定变形即可。
【解析】
1. 空格后修饰名词词组cloth bags,需要填入形容词表示“环保的”,符合要求的形容词有eco-friendly,也可以用green表示环保属性,二者均符合语境。
2. 空格前有修饰词some of the main(主要的一些),后面要接可数名词复数,“原因”对应的英文是cause,复数形式为causes。
3. 空格后修饰名词quality,“土壤”对应的英文是soil,为不可数名词,直接填入原形即可,soil quality意为“土壤质量”。
4. 空格前有修饰词Several(几个),后面要接可数名词复数,“卡车”对应的英文是truck,复数形式为trucks。
5. 根据后半句“会引发严重的胃部问题和其他疾病”的逻辑,可知这里指的是饮用不干净的水,提示词为clean,需要加否定前缀un变为unclean,意为“不干净的”。
6. 空格前有be动词is,结合语境表示“正在下大雨”,是现在进行时结构“be+现在分词”,动词pour的现在分词形式为pouring。
【答案】
1. eco-friendly/green
2. causes
3. soil
4. trucks
5. unclean
6. pouring
【知识点】
形容词作定语;名词单复数;现在进行时
【点评】
本题属于英语基础词汇考查题,兼顾中文提示写词和所给词适当形式填空两类常见考法,既考察核心词汇的记忆熟练度,也要求学生结合语境逻辑判断词形变化,易错点集中在名词忘记变复数、现在分词拼写漏写r、第5题未结合语境误填clean,整体是巩固基础词汇和语法规则的典型习题。
【难度系数】
0.8
二、动词填空
1. Wow! Our classroom is so clean and tidy. I think someone
tidied
(tidy) it before class.
2. Over the past years, they
have saved
(save) quite a little energy by using the LED bulbs as they save energy as well as money!
3. She
was riding
(ride) a city bike when all the street lights slowly came on.
4. Would you please hold the lift open for me? I
am carrying
(carry) too many things to spare a hand.
5. — Can we try the new recycling bags too?
— Sure, they
will be given
(give) out tomorrow.
6.
To cut
(cut) down on plastic waste, the students bring their own reusable water bottles.

答案

1. tidied
2. have saved
3. was riding
4. am carrying
5. will be given
6. To cut

解析

【分析】
做这类动词填空题,我们可以按照三步法来思考:第一步先抓取句子里的时间标志词,结合语境判断对应的时态;第二步判断主语和所给动词的主被动关系,确定是否需要使用被动语态;第三步分析句子结构,判断空格处的动词是作谓语还是非谓语,若作目的状语等成分则要使用对应的非谓语形式。接下来逐个对应题目条件推导答案即可:第1题看到before class是过去时间,用一般过去时;第2题Over the past years是现在完成时标志;第3题when引导的过去时间状语从句提示主句用过去进行时;第4题语境提示当下正在进行的动作用现在进行时;第5题tomorrow提示将来时,主语和动词是被动关系用将来时被动;第6题句首表目的用不定式作目的状语。
【解析】
1. 句中时间状语before class明确指向过去的时间点,“整理教室”是发生在过去的动作,直接用一般过去时,tidy的过去式为tidied。
2. 短语Over the past years是现在完成时的标志性时间状语,结构为“have/has + 动词过去分词”,主语是they,助动词用have,save的过去分词为saved,因此填have saved。
3. when引导的时间状语从句使用了一般过去时came on,描述“街灯亮起”这个动作发生时,主句“骑自行车”的动作正在同步进行,需使用过去进行时,结构为“was/were + 动词现在分词”,主语she是第三人称单数,be动词选was,ride的现在分词为riding,因此填was riding。
4. 语境描述的是说话当下“我正拿着很多东西腾不出手”的正在进行的状态,使用现在进行时,结构为“am/is/are + 动词现在分词”,主语I搭配be动词am,carry的现在分词为carrying,因此填am carrying。
5. 时间状语tomorrow表示动作发生在将来,主语they指代前文的recycling bags,和动词短语give out是逻辑上的被动关系(袋子是被分发),因此使用一般将来时的被动语态,结构为“will be + 动词过去分词”,give的过去分词为given,因此填will be given。
6. 空格处在句首,用来引出后文“学生自带可重复使用水杯”的目的,即“为了减少塑料垃圾”,要用不定式作目的状语,首字母需要大写,因此填To cut。
【答案】
1. tidied
2. have saved
3. was riding
4. am carrying
5. will be given
6. To cut
【知识点】
动词时态辨析,被动语态,非谓语不定式
【点评】
本题是初中英语动词填空的经典基础题型,覆盖了课标要求的核心时态考点,同时融入了被动语态和不定式作目的状语的基础非谓语考点,没有设置偏难怪的陷阱,能够有效检验学生对动词相关基础语法的掌握程度,做完后可以帮助学生梳理不同时态的标志性时间提示词,巩固时态判断的逻辑。
【难度系数】
0.6
三、完成句子
1. 学了第8单元之后,我们将会更多地了解不同类型污染的成因。
After Unit 8, we'll learn more about
the causes of different types
of pollution.
2. 过多的建筑工程产生的噪音可能会迫使一些动物离开家园。
Too much
noise from building work
may force some animals to leave their homes.
3. 政府必须明智地处理倾倒进河流湖泊的化学废料。
The government must wisely deal with the chemical
waste poured into rivers and lakes
.
4. 如今,拼车上学正变得越来越普遍。
Sharing a ride to school (with others)
is becoming more and more popular nowadays.
5. 环保清洁产品在不久的将来将会被广泛使用。
Eco-friendly cleaning products will be used
a lot in the near future.

答案

1. the causes of different types
2. noise from building work
3. waste poured into rivers and lakes
4. Sharing a ride to school (with others)
5. Eco-friendly cleaning products will be used

解析

【分析】
这是英语汉译英类的完成句子题型,解题时首先通读每道题的中英文提示,明确英文已经给出的内容,定位中文里尚未翻译的缺失部分,再判断缺失内容在整个句子中充当的成分、对应的词性,结合所学的单元核心短语、语法规则,输出符合英语表达习惯、语法正确的内容,同时要注意单复数、非谓语形式、时态语态的匹配,避免出现中式英语错误。
【解析】
1. 第一题缺失的中文含义是“不同类型污染的成因”,“成因”是可数名词cause,对应不同类型污染的成因要用复数形式,表特指加定冠词the,“不同类型”译为different types,组合后得到the causes of different types,放在句中逻辑通顺。
2. 第二题缺失的中文含义是“建筑工程产生的噪音”,句首的Too much只能修饰不可数名词,“噪音”是不可数名词noise,“来自建筑工程的”用介词短语from building work作后置定语修饰noise,组合为noise from building work,符合语法要求。
3. 第三题缺失的中文含义是“倾倒进河流湖泊的化学废料”,“废料”是不可数名词waste,“倾倒进河湖”和逻辑主语chemical waste是被动关系,用过去分词短语poured into rivers and lakes作后置定语,组合为waste poured into rivers and lakes,语义完整。
4. 第四题缺失的中文含义是“拼车上学”,该部分在句中作主语,动词要变为动名词形式,“拼车”用固定搭配share a ride,“上学”译为to school,可补充说明with others让语义更完整,即Sharing a ride to school (with others),动名词作主语符合句子结构。
5. 第五题缺失的中文含义是“环保清洁产品将会被使用”,时间状语in the near future对应一般将来时,产品是“被使用”,要用一般将来时的被动语态结构will be used,主语“环保清洁产品”译为Eco-friendly cleaning products,组合后完全匹配语境。
【答案】
1. the causes of different types
2. noise from building work
3. waste poured into rivers and lakes
4. Sharing a ride to school (with others)
5. Eco-friendly cleaning products will be used
【知识点】
汉译英完成句子,非谓语作定语,将来时被动语态
【点评】
本题围绕环保主题考察单元核心短语和基础语法应用,需要学生结合已给出的英文语境判断缺失部分的句子成分,注意词性、时态语态的匹配,避免生硬直译的中式英语问题,适合巩固单元相关的词汇和语法知识点。
【难度系数】
0.6
四、阅读理解 阅读下面的短文,然后根据短文内容,在每小题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
What is Recycle Week?
Recycle Week is an annual event, usually in June. It is a time to remind people of all

the things that can be recycled. The aim is to encourage people to recycle household
items that often get forgotten about and are thrown away. These include containers like
shampoo and conditioner bottles, bleach bottles, tissue boxes and deodorant cans.
What is recycling?
Recycling is when objects made from glass, steel, paper, cardboard, certain plastics and even waste
food, are taken to a recycling factory and turned into other things. They are used again, recycled into
something else and not just thrown away into a landfill (垃圾填埋场).

Why is it important to recycle?
1. Recycling saves resources
When we recycle, used materials are made into new products, making it less necessary to use natural
resources. Natural resources come straight from the earth, like coal and wood, so if we can recycle
products already made, we reduce the need to use fresh, raw (未加工的, 原始的) materials.
2.
Recycling saves energy

Using recycled materials when making new products uses a lot less energy than that needed for
making new products from raw materials – even when you think of all the extra costs, like transport.
3. Recycling helps to protect the environment
Recycling reduces the need for mining materials from the ground. Changing these raw materials from
one thing into another leads to a large amount of air and water pollution.
4. Recycling reduces landfill
Landfill sites are huge areas where rubbish that isn't recycled is dumped. They need a lot of space.
The rubbish takes years to rot and while it is doing that, these sites give off methane.
How can we recycle?
Whenever we use a plastic or glass container, we need to wash it out and put it in a separate bag from
our other rubbish. Then put the recycling items into your recycling bin (they can be blue, green or other
colours depending on where you live) or take them to a recycling collection point. It's time we can all do
our bit to help the planet, and save the environment for generations to come.
(
B
) 1. What household items does Recycle Week encourage people to recycle?
A. Fresh fruits and vegetables.
B. Shampoo bottles and tissue boxes.
C. New clothes and shoes.
D. Cooked food and drinks.
(
A
) 2. Which subtitle is suitable for
?
A. Recycling saves energy
B. Recycling raises product costs
C. Recycling needs more raw materials
D. Recycling causes energy waste
(
B
) 3. The underlined word "methane" in the text is probably a kind of
B
.
A. useful material
B. dangerous greenhouse gas
C. clean energy
D. recycled product
(
B
) 4. What is the main idea of the text?
A. To explain how to make new products from waste.
B. To introduce Recycle Week and the related knowledge of recycling.
C. To describe different types of landfill sites.
D. To tell people how to use natural resources wisely.

答案

1—4: BABB

解析

【分析】
做这篇阅读理解时,我们可以先通读全文梳理文章脉络:文章依次介绍了Recycle Week的定义、回收的概念、回收的重要意义、日常回收的方法,属于环保主题的说明文。解题时优先根据题干中的关键词回原文定位,找到对应语句比对选项选出答案:
1. 第一题抓住关键词household items和Recycle Week,回文章第一段找对应的举例内容,直接匹配选项即可;
2. 第二题是选段落小标题,直接阅读空后的段落内容,提炼核心含义,匹配对应选项;
3. 第三题词义猜测,结合该词所在的“垃圾填埋场、垃圾腐烂释放”的语境,结合环保常识推导词义;
4. 第四题主旨大意题,梳理全文所有模块的核心内容,排除片面的干扰选项,选出覆盖全文的主旨项。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题:根据文章第一段“The aim is to encourage people to recycle household items that often get forgotten about and are thrown away. These include containers like shampoo and conditioner bottles, bleach bottles, tissue boxes and deodorant cans.”可知,回收周鼓励人们回收的家居物品包括洗发水瓶和纸巾盒,对应选项B,其余选项内容原文均未提及。
2. 段落主旨题:空后段落内容提到“Using recycled materials when making new products uses a lot less energy than that needed for making new products from raw materials”,核心含义是使用回收材料生产新产品能大幅减少能源消耗,因此最合适的小标题是“Recycling saves energy”,对应选项A。
3. 词义猜测题:该词出现在介绍回收减少垃圾填埋的部分,语境为垃圾填埋场里的垃圾腐烂后会释放出methane,结合常识可知垃圾填埋场腐烂垃圾释放的甲烷属于会加剧温室效应的危险温室气体,对应选项B。
4. 主旨大意题:全文分别从回收周是什么、回收的定义、回收的重要性、如何进行回收四个部分展开,核心是介绍回收周以及和回收相关的各类知识,对应选项B;其余选项均只覆盖了文章的部分内容,属于片面表述,不符合主旨。
【答案】
1—4: BABB
【知识点】
细节信息定位,词义猜测,主旨大意把握
【点评】
本题属于环保主题的说明文阅读,整体难度适中,大部分题目都可以通过回原文定位直接得到答案,既考察学生快速抓取文本关键信息的能力,也通过词义猜测和主旨题考察学生的语境理解和整体文本概括能力,符合初中英语阅读理解的常规考察要求。
【难度系数】
0.7