四、将下列句子改为被动语态。
1. They will send more astronauts to the space station next year.


2. So far, humans have found more than 5,000 exoplanets.


3. Maybe we will turn Mars into our new home in the future.


4. We will need international cooperation for the next big project.


5. The country will position more satellites to watch the weather on Earth next year.

1. More astronauts will be sent to the space station by them next year.
2. So far, more than 5,000 exoplanets have been found by humans.
3. Maybe Mars will be turned into our new home by us in the future.
4. International cooperation will be needed by us for the next big project.
5. More satellites will be positioned by the country to watch the weather on Earth next year.

【分析】
将主动句改为被动语态的核心步骤为：①确定原句时态，对应转换为被动语态的谓语结构（一般将来时被动为will be+过去分词，现在完成时被动为have/has been+过去分词）；②将主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语；③主动句的主语由介词by引出，置于被动句句尾；④调整其他成分（状语等）位置不变，保持句意一致。
【解析】
1. 原句为一般将来时主动句，宾语more astronauts作被动主语，谓语will send转换为will be sent，主动主语they由by引出，时间状语next year保留，故转换为：More astronauts will be sent to the space station by them next year.
2. 原句为现在完成时主动句，宾语more than 5,000 exoplanets作被动主语，谓语have found转换为have been found，主动主语humans由by引出，时间状语so far保留，故转换为：So far, more than 5,000 exoplanets have been found by humans.
3. 原句为一般将来时主动句，宾语Mars作被动主语，谓语will turn转换为will be turned，主动主语we由by引出，状语Maybe、in the future保留，故转换为：Maybe Mars will be turned into our new home by us in the future.
4. 原句为一般将来时主动句，宾语international cooperation作被动主语，谓语will need转换为will be needed，主动主语we由by引出，状语for the next big project保留，故转换为：International cooperation will be needed by us for the next big project.
5. 原句为一般将来时主动句，宾语more satellites作被动主语，谓语will position转换为will be positioned，主动主语the country由by引出，目的状语to watch the weather on Earth、时间状语next year保留，故转换为：More satellites will be positioned by the country to watch the weather on Earth next year.
【答案】
1. More astronauts will be sent to the space station by them next year.
2. So far, more than 5,000 exoplanets have been found by humans.
3. Maybe Mars will be turned into our new home by us in the future.
4. International cooperation will be needed by us for the next big project.
5. More satellites will be positioned by the country to watch the weather on Earth next year.
【知识点】
一般将来时被动语态、现在完成时被动语态、主动句变被动句
【点评】
本题为英语语法中被动语态转换的基础练习题，考查学生对不同时态对应被动结构的掌握情况，转换时需严格遵循“时态一致”原则，调整主语、谓语及介词by的使用，是初中英语的核心基础考点，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5

五、根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
China has four major satellite launch sites: Jiuquan in Gansu, Xichang in Sichuan, Taiyuan in Shanxi, and Wenchang in Hainan.
The Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre was founded in 1958. It is one of China's most important and historic launch sites. It has achieved nine important "firsts" in China's space programs. In April, 1970, China's first man-made satellite, Dongfanghong-1, was launched there. In June 2021, the Long March 2F rocket carrying the Shenzhou-12 manned spacecraft was also launched from this centre.
The Taiyuan Satellite Launch Centre was founded in 1967. It is another key launch site. It sent China's first weather satellite, Fengyun-1, into orbit in 1988. It has completed nine amazing "firsts" in China's satellite launch history.
Founded in 1970, the Xichang Satellite Launch Centre is sometimes called "Xichang Satellite City". After many years of development, it is equipped with thousands of advanced systems. It is also widely known as "the Oriental Houston".
The Wenchang Space Launch Site, founded in 2009, is China's fourth and newest launch site. Located at a low latitude (纬度) of about 19 degrees north, the site allows rockets to carry heavier loads (负载) more efficiently. This makes Wenchang a key site for China's future space missions.
()1. What did the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre do in 1970?
A. It was set up.
B. It launched the Long March 2F rocket.
C. It launched China's first man-made satellite.
D. It sent China's first weather satellite into orbit.
()2. When was the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Centre founded?
A. In 1958.
B. In 1967.
C. In 1970.
D. In 2009.
()3. Which centre is known as "the Oriental Houston"?
A. The Wenchang Space Launch Site.
B. The Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre.
C. The Taiyuan Satellite Launch Centre.
D. The Xichang Satellite Launch Centre.
()4. What special advantage does Wenchang have because of its location?
A. It is the oldest launch centre in China.
B. It can launch spacecraft in all kinds of weather.
C. Rockets can carry heavier loads more efficiently from there.
D. It has achieved nine important "firsts" in China's space program.
()5. What is the main purpose of this text?
A. To explain how rockets and satellites work.
B. To introduce China's four satellite launch sites.
C. To compare space centres in different countries.
D. To describe the history of space exploration worldwide.

1. C
2. B
3. D
4. C
5. B

【分析】做这类英语阅读理解题，需先明确题目类型（细节题或主旨题），再通过题干关键词定位原文对应内容，逐一比对选项与原文信息，排除错误选项后选出最佳答案。细节题要精准抓取时间、事件、名称等关键词，主旨题需梳理全文核心内容。
【解析】1. 题干问酒泉卫星发射中心1970年的事件，定位原文第二段：“In April, 1970, China's first man-made satellite, Dongfanghong-1, was launched there.” 对应选项C；A选项是酒泉1958年成立，B选项是2021年长征2F发射，D选项是太原发射首颗气象卫星，均排除。2. 题干问太原发射中心成立时间，定位原文第三段第一句：“The Taiyuan Satellite Launch Centre was founded in 1967.” 直接选B。3. 题干问被称为“东方休斯顿”的发射中心，定位原文第四段最后一句：“It is also widely known as 'the Oriental Houston'.” 此处“it”指代西昌卫星发射中心，选D。4. 题干问文昌的位置优势，定位原文第五段：“Located at a low latitude (纬度) of about 19 degrees north, the site allows rockets to carry heavier loads (负载) more efficiently.” 对应选项C；A（最古老）错误，文昌是最新的；B（适应各种天气）原文未提；D（九个第一）是酒泉的成就，均排除。5. 题干问文本主旨，全文围绕中国四个卫星发射场的基本情况展开，对应选项B；A（火箭卫星工作原理）未提及，C（对比其他国家）无，D（全球太空探索历史）偏离，排除。
【答案】1.C 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.B
【知识点】英语阅读理解、细节理解、主旨大意
【点评】本题为英语阅读理解基础题型，以细节考查为主，辅以主旨大意题，难度较低，学生通过定位原文信息即可快速解题，适合巩固英语阅读的基础能力。
【难度系数】0.8