Passage 3
The Dujiangyan Irrigation Project(灌溉工程) 1 (lie) in the northwest of Chengdu. It 2 (build) about the year 256 BCE to provide water and control the Minjiang River.
Water running in the river from the Mount Minshan often destroyed houses. So 3 official in the State of Qin named Li Bing decided to build the project in the river 4 (control) the flooding. It is said that he received money for the important project 5 King Zhaoxiang of Qin and employed tens of thousands of workers. King Zhaoxiang wanted to strengthen(加强) his kingdom.
After its 6 (complete), the project prevented the flooding and brought the Sichuan area rich harvests. This project 7 (great) made the State of Qin stronger. Within a few decades, Ying Zheng, the king of Qin, became the first emperor of China.
There are some main parts of this irrigation system. The first is a levee(防洪堤) named Yuzui. It stood in the middle of the river to control the amount of water 8 entered the two channels(渠道). The second part is a channel that 9 (cut) through a mountain by means of 10 (heat) the rock and then pouring water on it. The narrow opening of the irrigation system controlled the amount of water entering the system. It is called Baopingkou. It is said that the 20-metre-wide channel required 8 years 11 (finish). The last part is a spillway(溢洪道) called Feishayan that was dug to discharge water and silt(淤泥).
1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10. 11.

1. lies
2. was built
3. an
4. to control
5. from
6. completion
7. greatly
8. that/which
9. was cut
10. heating
11. to finish

【分析】
本题为关于都江堰的语法填空题，需结合句子结构、时态语态、词性变化、固定搭配及语境逻辑逐个解题。思路为：先通读全文理解主旨，再分析每个空所在句子的成分，判断所需词性、时态、语态等，最后依据语法规则和语境确定答案。
【解析】
1. 主语为单数名词The Dujiangyan Irrigation Project，陈述客观事实用一般现在时，故填lies。
2. 主语It指代都江堰，与build是被动关系，时间为过去，用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was built。
3. 此处表“一位官员”，official以元音音素开头，用不定冠词an，故填an。
4. 建工程的目的是控制洪水，不定式作目的状语，故填to control。
5. 句意表示“从秦昭襄王处获得资金”，用介词from，故填from。
6. its后需接名词，complete的名词形式为completion，故填completion。
7. 修饰动词made需用副词，great的副词是greatly，故填greatly。
8. 定语从句先行词为water（指物），在从句中作主语，关系词用that/which，故填that/which。
9. 先行词channel与cut是被动关系，表过去的动作，用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was cut。
10. by是介词，后接动名词，heat的动名词为heating，故填heating。
11. 固定搭配require sth to do sth，故填to finish。
【答案】
1. lies
2. was built
3. an
4. to control
5. from
6. completion
7. greatly
8. that/which
9. was cut
10. heating
11. to finish
【知识点】
一般现在时、被动语态、非谓语动词
【点评】
本题结合中国古代水利工程题材，考察基础语法知识，涵盖时态语态、冠词、介词、非谓语动词、定语从句等，需结合语境和语法规则解答，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6

Passage 4
“He who learns but does not think is lost; he who thinks but does not learn is in danger.” The phrase comes from The Analects (《论语》). It means that if we only learn without thinking, we will feel 1 (confuse); if we only think without
learning, we will be 2 (bore) without gaining anything.
There is also 3 English translation of this saying, done by James Legge: Learning without thought is labour lost; thought without learning is dangerous. For example, when studying history, if we only 4 (memory) dates, names, and events without considering the background, causes, and influences of historical events, we are likely to forget 5 we have learnt and won't be able to draw valuable lessons from it.
Learning 6 (provide) the foundation(基础) for thinking. Through thinking, we can connect new knowledge 7 our existing experiences. At the same time, thinking is good for our creativity and 8 (imagine). Moreover, thinking can improve and deepen(加深) learning. Through thinking, we can find out 9 (problem) and weaknesses in our learning and improve the efficiency(效率) and quality of our studies. Thinking also draws our interest in learning, encouraging us to be much 10 (active) in the learning process.
Therefore, only by learning and thinking can we 11 (true) master knowledge and promote(促进) personal growth.
1. 2. 3. 4.
5. 6. 7. 8.
9. 10. 11.

1. confused
2. bored
3. an
4. memorize
5. what
6. provides
7. with
8. imagination
9. problems
10. more active
11. truly

【分析】这是一篇围绕《论语》中“学与思”展开的英语语法填空题，解题思路为：先通读全文理解主旨，再结合每个空格前后的语法结构、词性要求、固定搭配及语境，逐一确定词汇，同时注意时态、单复数、词性转换等细节。
【解析】
1. 系动词feel后需接形容词，主语为人，故用confused（感到困惑的）；
2. 系动词be后需接形容词，主语为人，故用bored（感到无聊的）；
3. 此处表泛指“一个英文译本”，English以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an；
4. 主语为we，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用原形，故用memorize；
5. 空格处引导宾语从句，在从句中作learnt的宾语，故用连接代词what；
6. 主语Learning为动名词，表单数概念，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故用provides；
7. 固定搭配connect...with...（把……和……联系起来），故用介词with；
8. 此处与名词creativity并列，需用名词形式，imagine的名词为imagination（想象力），故用imagination；
9. problem为可数名词，与并列名词weaknesses保持形式一致，故用复数problems；
10. much修饰形容词比较级，active的比较级为more active，故用more active；
11. 此处修饰动词master，需用副词，true的副词为truly，故用truly。
【答案】
1. confused
2. bored
3. an
4. memorize
5. what
6. provides
7. with
8. imagination
9. problems
10. more active
11. truly
【知识点】词性转换、冠词用法、动词时态
【点评】本题围绕“学与思”主题，考察基础语法知识，涵盖词性转换、冠词、动词形式等考点，为常见语法填空题型，难度适中，掌握基础语法规则即可正确作答。
【难度系数】0.7