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四、跨学科生物 阅读理解。
主题群:自然生态 子主题:生态系统 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★★
A forest is like a football group. It sounds unusual, but it's true. Each player does an important job, but they can't win by themselves, so they work together. The same is true of all plants and animals in a forest. They depend on each other to live. We call this an ecosystem.
There are three jobs in an ecosystem: the producer, consumer and decomposer. The trees in the forest produce food by themselves. Giraffes themselves can't make their food, so they eat or consume the trees' leaves. But sometimes hungry lions or other animals eat them. When animals die, their bodies become part of the soil to help the forest grow. So the ecosystem can keep on going.
Ecosystems come in lots of kinds and sizes. A back garden or even a big sea can be an ecosystem. The key thing is that an ecosystem has to be balanced. If there weren't animals that eat giraffes, giraffes would eat too many leaves. This wouldn't be good for the trees, and this would make it difficult for giraffes to find food. Different kinds of weather and natural disasters can also change the ecosystems. People can also bring problems by cutting down the trees and so on.
Ecosystems are everywhere. They play an important part in our life. It is necessary for us to do what we can to keep them working well.
(
A. By listing numbers.
B. By asking a question.
C. By telling a story.
D. By giving an example.
(
A. People plant many trees every year.
B. It's difficult for giraffes to find food now.
C. The terrible earthquake can change the ecosystems.
D. Ecosystems only come in a back garden or a big sea.
(
A. To ask people to protect the ecosystems.
B. To introduce different jobs in the ecosystems.
C. To teach us how to keep ecosystems balanced.
D. To show the writer's ideas of protecting animals.
主题群:自然生态 子主题:生态系统 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★★
A forest is like a football group. It sounds unusual, but it's true. Each player does an important job, but they can't win by themselves, so they work together. The same is true of all plants and animals in a forest. They depend on each other to live. We call this an ecosystem.
There are three jobs in an ecosystem: the producer, consumer and decomposer. The trees in the forest produce food by themselves. Giraffes themselves can't make their food, so they eat or consume the trees' leaves. But sometimes hungry lions or other animals eat them. When animals die, their bodies become part of the soil to help the forest grow. So the ecosystem can keep on going.
Ecosystems come in lots of kinds and sizes. A back garden or even a big sea can be an ecosystem. The key thing is that an ecosystem has to be balanced. If there weren't animals that eat giraffes, giraffes would eat too many leaves. This wouldn't be good for the trees, and this would make it difficult for giraffes to find food. Different kinds of weather and natural disasters can also change the ecosystems. People can also bring problems by cutting down the trees and so on.
Ecosystems are everywhere. They play an important part in our life. It is necessary for us to do what we can to keep them working well.
(
D
)1.（创新考法·写作手法）How does the writer start this text?A. By listing numbers.
B. By asking a question.
C. By telling a story.
D. By giving an example.
(
C
)2. What can we know from the third paragraph?A. People plant many trees every year.
B. It's difficult for giraffes to find food now.
C. The terrible earthquake can change the ecosystems.
D. Ecosystems only come in a back garden or a big sea.
(
A
)3. Why did the writer write this text?A. To ask people to protect the ecosystems.
B. To introduce different jobs in the ecosystems.
C. To teach us how to keep ecosystems balanced.
D. To show the writer's ideas of protecting animals.
答案
1. D
2. C
3. A
2. C
3. A
解析
【分析】
第1题：先定位文本开头，作者以“森林像足球队”的例子引入内容，判断写作手法为举例子，对应选项D；第2题：聚焦第三段，找到关于生态系统变化的描述，原文提到自然灾害会改变生态系统，据此选C；第3题：分析文本末段主旨，作者呼吁人们保护生态系统，对应选项A。
【解析】
1. 文本开篇“A forest is like a football group.”是作者举的具体例子，用于引出生态系统的概念，因此写作手法为举例子，答案选D。
2. 第三段明确说明“Different kinds of weather and natural disasters can also change the ecosystems.”，即自然灾害（如地震）会改变生态系统，C选项正确；A选项文中未提及人们每年种树的情况，B选项是假设场景而非现状，D选项“only”表述绝对，生态系统还有其他类型，故排除，答案选C。
3. 文本最后一段强调“ It is necessary for us to do what we can to keep them working well.”，表明作者的写作目的是呼吁人们保护生态系统，答案选A。
【答案】
1. D；2. C；3. A
【知识点】
阅读理解（写作手法）、阅读理解（段落理解）、阅读理解（主旨大意）
【点评】
本题结合生态系统主题考查英语阅读理解，需学生准确提取文本信息，理解写作手法与主旨，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5
第1题：先定位文本开头，作者以“森林像足球队”的例子引入内容，判断写作手法为举例子，对应选项D；第2题：聚焦第三段，找到关于生态系统变化的描述，原文提到自然灾害会改变生态系统，据此选C；第3题：分析文本末段主旨，作者呼吁人们保护生态系统，对应选项A。
【解析】
1. 文本开篇“A forest is like a football group.”是作者举的具体例子，用于引出生态系统的概念，因此写作手法为举例子，答案选D。
2. 第三段明确说明“Different kinds of weather and natural disasters can also change the ecosystems.”，即自然灾害（如地震）会改变生态系统，C选项正确；A选项文中未提及人们每年种树的情况，B选项是假设场景而非现状，D选项“only”表述绝对，生态系统还有其他类型，故排除，答案选C。
3. 文本最后一段强调“ It is necessary for us to do what we can to keep them working well.”，表明作者的写作目的是呼吁人们保护生态系统，答案选A。
【答案】
1. D；2. C；3. A
【知识点】
阅读理解（写作手法）、阅读理解（段落理解）、阅读理解（主旨大意）
【点评】
本题结合生态系统主题考查英语阅读理解，需学生准确提取文本信息，理解写作手法与主旨，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5
