1. 填空。
(1)在$◯$里填上运算符号,在$□$里填上数或字母,使运算简便。
$432 - 79 - 121 = 432◯(□◯□)$
$3.1÷2.5 = (3.1◯□)÷(2.5◯0.4)$
$4.5×198 = □◯□◯□◯□$
$a×99 + a = □×(□◯□)$
(1)在$◯$里填上运算符号,在$□$里填上数或字母,使运算简便。
$432 - 79 - 121 = 432◯(□◯□)$
$3.1÷2.5 = (3.1◯□)÷(2.5◯0.4)$
$4.5×198 = □◯□◯□◯□$
$a×99 + a = □×(□◯□)$
答案
1. (1) - 79 + 121 × 0.4 × 4.5 × 200 - 4.5 × 2 a 99 + 1
(2)根据$22÷4 = 5.5$、$6×5.5 = 33$、$33 - 1.4 = 31.6$,列出一道综合算式为(
6×(22÷4) - 1.4 = 31.6
)。答案
(2) 6×(22÷4) - 1.4 = 31.6
(3)用$1$、$3$、$6$、$9$这四个数及运算符号和括号,写出两道不同的算式,使结果都是$24$:(
(9÷3 + 1)×6 = 24
)、((6 - 3)×(9 - 1) = 24
)。答案
(3) 答案不唯一,如(9÷3 + 1)×6 = 24 (6 - 3)×(9 - 1) = 24
解析
(9÷3 + 1)×6 = 24;(6 - 3)×(9 - 1) = 24
(4)(思维过程)小马虎计算$5.4×(□ + 0.25)$时,错算成$5.4×□ + 0.25$,他得到的结果比正确结果少(
1.1
)。答案
(4) 1.1
解析
正确结果:$5.4×(□ + 0.25)=5.4×□ + 5.4×0.25$
错误结果:$5.4×□ + 0.25$
两者差值:$(5.4×□ + 5.4×0.25)-(5.4×□ + 0.25)=5.4×0.25 - 0.25=(5.4 - 1)×0.25=4.4×0.25 = 1.1$
1.1
错误结果:$5.4×□ + 0.25$
两者差值:$(5.4×□ + 5.4×0.25)-(5.4×□ + 0.25)=5.4×0.25 - 0.25=(5.4 - 1)×0.25=4.4×0.25 = 1.1$
1.1
2. 选择。
(1)(苏州真题)估算下面$4$个算式的计算结果,最大的是(
A.$72×(1 + \frac{1}{9})$
B.$72×(1 - \frac{1}{9})$
C.$72÷(1 + \frac{1}{9})$
D.$72÷(1 - \frac{1}{9})$
(1)(苏州真题)估算下面$4$个算式的计算结果,最大的是(
D
)。A.$72×(1 + \frac{1}{9})$
B.$72×(1 - \frac{1}{9})$
C.$72÷(1 + \frac{1}{9})$
D.$72÷(1 - \frac{1}{9})$
答案
2. (1) D
(2)(算理理解)下面四幅图中,图(

D
)可以用来表示乘法结合律。答案
(2) D
(3)已知$6.4×△ + 3.6×△ = 32.8$,则$△$表示(
A.$0.328$
B.$3.28$
C.$328$
D.$32.8$
B
)。A.$0.328$
B.$3.28$
C.$328$
D.$32.8$
答案
(3) B
解析
$6.4×△ + 3.6×△ = 32.8$
$(6.4 + 3.6)×△ = 32.8$
$10×△ = 32.8$
$△ = 32.8÷10$
$△ = 3.28$
B
$(6.4 + 3.6)×△ = 32.8$
$10×△ = 32.8$
$△ = 32.8÷10$
$△ = 3.28$
B
3. (苏州真题)递等式计算下面各题,能简算的要简算。
$360÷15 - 2.5×1.6$
$4.65 - \frac{5}{11} + 5.35 - \frac{6}{11}$
$\frac{14}{15}×(\frac{5}{14} + \frac{5}{21}) + \frac{2}{3}$
$1.25×2.5×16$
$4.35×99×2 + 8.7$
$\frac{5}{12}×[(\frac{5}{8} - \frac{3}{5})÷\frac{1}{8}]$
$360÷15 - 2.5×1.6$
$4.65 - \frac{5}{11} + 5.35 - \frac{6}{11}$
$\frac{14}{15}×(\frac{5}{14} + \frac{5}{21}) + \frac{2}{3}$
$1.25×2.5×16$
$4.35×99×2 + 8.7$
$\frac{5}{12}×[(\frac{5}{8} - \frac{3}{5})÷\frac{1}{8}]$
答案
3. 360÷15 - 2.5×1.6
= 24 - 4
= 20
4.65 - $\frac{5}{11}$ + 5.35 - $\frac{6}{11}$
= (4.65 + 5.35) - ($\frac{5}{11}$ + $\frac{6}{11}$)
= 10 - 1
= 9
$\frac{14}{15}$×($\frac{5}{14}$ + $\frac{5}{21}$) + $\frac{2}{3}$
= $\frac{14}{15}$×$\frac{5}{14}$ + $\frac{14}{15}$×$\frac{5}{21}$ + $\frac{2}{3}$
= $\frac{1}{3}$ + $\frac{2}{9}$ + $\frac{2}{3}$
= ($\frac{1}{3}$ + $\frac{2}{3}$) + $\frac{2}{9}$
= 1 + $\frac{2}{9}$
= 1$\frac{2}{9}$
1.25×2.5×16
= 1.25×2.5×8×2
= 1.25×8×(2.5×2)
= 10×5
= 50
4.35×99×2 + 8.7
= (4.35×2)×99 + 8.7
= 8.7×99 + 8.7
= 8.7×(99 + 1)
= 8.7×100
= 870
$\frac{5}{12}$×[($\frac{5}{8}$ - $\frac{3}{5}$)÷$\frac{1}{8}$]
= $\frac{5}{12}$×[($\frac{5}{8}$ - $\frac{3}{5}$)×8]
= $\frac{5}{12}$×[$\frac{5}{8}$×8 - $\frac{3}{5}$×8]
= $\frac{5}{12}$×[5 - $\frac{24}{5}$]
= $\frac{5}{12}$×5 - $\frac{5}{12}$×$\frac{24}{5}$
= $\frac{25}{12}$ - 2
= $\frac{1}{12}$
= 24 - 4
= 20
4.65 - $\frac{5}{11}$ + 5.35 - $\frac{6}{11}$
= (4.65 + 5.35) - ($\frac{5}{11}$ + $\frac{6}{11}$)
= 10 - 1
= 9
$\frac{14}{15}$×($\frac{5}{14}$ + $\frac{5}{21}$) + $\frac{2}{3}$
= $\frac{14}{15}$×$\frac{5}{14}$ + $\frac{14}{15}$×$\frac{5}{21}$ + $\frac{2}{3}$
= $\frac{1}{3}$ + $\frac{2}{9}$ + $\frac{2}{3}$
= ($\frac{1}{3}$ + $\frac{2}{3}$) + $\frac{2}{9}$
= 1 + $\frac{2}{9}$
= 1$\frac{2}{9}$
1.25×2.5×16
= 1.25×2.5×8×2
= 1.25×8×(2.5×2)
= 10×5
= 50
4.35×99×2 + 8.7
= (4.35×2)×99 + 8.7
= 8.7×99 + 8.7
= 8.7×(99 + 1)
= 8.7×100
= 870
$\frac{5}{12}$×[($\frac{5}{8}$ - $\frac{3}{5}$)÷$\frac{1}{8}$]
= $\frac{5}{12}$×[($\frac{5}{8}$ - $\frac{3}{5}$)×8]
= $\frac{5}{12}$×[$\frac{5}{8}$×8 - $\frac{3}{5}$×8]
= $\frac{5}{12}$×[5 - $\frac{24}{5}$]
= $\frac{5}{12}$×5 - $\frac{5}{12}$×$\frac{24}{5}$
= $\frac{25}{12}$ - 2
= $\frac{1}{12}$
4. (苏州真题)定义新运算。
(1)新运算规则规定:$A△ B = 5A - 4B$,算一算$5△2$的结果。
(1)新运算规则规定:$A△ B = 5A - 4B$,算一算$5△2$的结果。
答案
4. (1) 5△2 = 5×5 - 4×2 = 17
解析
4. (1) 5△2 = 5×5 - 4×2 = 17
(2)我们规定$a*b = a×b - (a + b)$,算一算$5*(4*2)$的结果。
答案
(2) 4*2 = 4×2 - (4 + 2) = 2
5*2 = 5×2 - (5 + 2) = 3
5*2 = 5×2 - (5 + 2) = 3
解析
(2) 4*2 = 4×2 - (4 + 2) = 2
5*2 = 5×2 - (5 + 2) = 3
5*2 = 5×2 - (5 + 2) = 3
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