17. (每小题3分,共9分)求下列各式中的x:
(1) $8x^3+125=0$;
(2) $4(3x+1)^2-1=0$;
(3) $28-(2x-1)^3=+1$.
(1) $8x^3+125=0$;
(2) $4(3x+1)^2-1=0$;
(3) $28-(2x-1)^3=+1$.
答案
解:
(1) $8x^3 + 125 = 0$
移项,得$8x^3 = -125$
系数化为1,得$x^3 = -\frac{125}{8}$
开立方,得$x = -\frac{5}{2}$
(2) $4(3x+1)^2 - 1 = 0$
移项,得$4(3x+1)^2 = 1$
系数化为1,得$(3x+1)^2 = \frac{1}{4}$
开平方,得$3x+1 = \frac{1}{2}$或$3x+1 = -\frac{1}{2}$
当$3x+1 = \frac{1}{2}$时,$3x = -\frac{1}{2}$,解得$x = -\frac{1}{6}$
当$3x+1 = -\frac{1}{2}$时,$3x = -\frac{3}{2}$,解得$x = -\frac{1}{2}$
综上,$x = -\frac{1}{6}$或$x = -\frac{1}{2}$
(3) $28 - (2x-1)^3 = 1$
移项,得$-(2x-1)^3 = 1 - 28$
即$-(2x-1)^3 = -27$
两边同乘$-1$,得$(2x-1)^3 = 27$
开立方,得$2x-1 = 3$
移项,得$2x = 4$
系数化为1,得$x = 2$
(1) $8x^3 + 125 = 0$
移项,得$8x^3 = -125$
系数化为1,得$x^3 = -\frac{125}{8}$
开立方,得$x = -\frac{5}{2}$
(2) $4(3x+1)^2 - 1 = 0$
移项,得$4(3x+1)^2 = 1$
系数化为1,得$(3x+1)^2 = \frac{1}{4}$
开平方,得$3x+1 = \frac{1}{2}$或$3x+1 = -\frac{1}{2}$
当$3x+1 = \frac{1}{2}$时,$3x = -\frac{1}{2}$,解得$x = -\frac{1}{6}$
当$3x+1 = -\frac{1}{2}$时,$3x = -\frac{3}{2}$,解得$x = -\frac{1}{2}$
综上,$x = -\frac{1}{6}$或$x = -\frac{1}{2}$
(3) $28 - (2x-1)^3 = 1$
移项,得$-(2x-1)^3 = 1 - 28$
即$-(2x-1)^3 = -27$
两边同乘$-1$,得$(2x-1)^3 = 27$
开立方,得$2x-1 = 3$
移项,得$2x = 4$
系数化为1,得$x = 2$
18. (每空2分,共12分)把下列各数填入相应的括号内.
$-\sqrt[3]{9},\frac{1}{3},3.\dot{6},\frac{4}{9},0.8080080008···,\sqrt{2},\sqrt[3]{-8},-\frac{5}{2},\sqrt{36},$
$\sqrt[3]{25},\sqrt{4}-1,\frac{π}{2}.$
整数集合{ …}
负分数集合{ …}
正实数集合{ …}
负实数集合{ …}
有理数集合{ …}
无理数集合{ …}
$-\sqrt[3]{9},\frac{1}{3},3.\dot{6},\frac{4}{9},0.8080080008···,\sqrt{2},\sqrt[3]{-8},-\frac{5}{2},\sqrt{36},$
$\sqrt[3]{25},\sqrt{4}-1,\frac{π}{2}.$
整数集合{ …}
负分数集合{ …}
正实数集合{ …}
负实数集合{ …}
有理数集合{ …}
无理数集合{ …}
答案
解:
先化简各数:
$\sqrt[3]{-8}=-2$,$\sqrt{36}=6$,$\sqrt{4}-1=1$
整数集合{ $\sqrt[3]{-8},\sqrt{36},\sqrt{4}-1$ }
负分数集合{ $-\frac{5}{2}$ }
正实数集合{ $\frac{1}{3},3.\dot{6},\frac{4}{9},0.8080080008···,\sqrt{2},\sqrt{36},\sqrt[3]{25},\sqrt{4}-1,\frac{π}{2}$ }
负实数集合{ $-\sqrt[3]{9},\sqrt[3]{-8},-\frac{5}{2}$ }
有理数集合{ $\frac{1}{3},3.\dot{6},\frac{4}{9},\sqrt[3]{-8},-\frac{5}{2},\sqrt{36},\sqrt{4}-1$ }
无理数集合{ $-\sqrt[3]{9},0.8080080008···,\sqrt{2},\sqrt[3]{25},\frac{π}{2}$ }
先化简各数:
$\sqrt[3]{-8}=-2$,$\sqrt{36}=6$,$\sqrt{4}-1=1$
整数集合{ $\sqrt[3]{-8},\sqrt{36},\sqrt{4}-1$ }
负分数集合{ $-\frac{5}{2}$ }
正实数集合{ $\frac{1}{3},3.\dot{6},\frac{4}{9},0.8080080008···,\sqrt{2},\sqrt{36},\sqrt[3]{25},\sqrt{4}-1,\frac{π}{2}$ }
负实数集合{ $-\sqrt[3]{9},\sqrt[3]{-8},-\frac{5}{2}$ }
有理数集合{ $\frac{1}{3},3.\dot{6},\frac{4}{9},\sqrt[3]{-8},-\frac{5}{2},\sqrt{36},\sqrt{4}-1$ }
无理数集合{ $-\sqrt[3]{9},0.8080080008···,\sqrt{2},\sqrt[3]{25},\frac{π}{2}$ }
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