Ⅰ. 用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. Police (office) believe that rules can stop people from doing dangerous things.
2. The (born) of the internet changed people's lives in many ways.
3. The small village (rapid) turned into a modern town in just five years.
4. Yuan Longping helped farmers increase their rice (produce).
5. The story of the hero is (wide) known in our city.

1. officers 2. birth 3. rapidly
4. production 5. widely

【分析】
本题为英语词形转换填空题，解题思路是：先分析每个句子的结构，判断空格处所需的词性，再结合所给单词的词性，转换为符合语境和语法要求的形式。具体来说，需根据句子成分（主语、宾语、修饰动词/形容词等）确定词性，再进行对应变形。
【解析】
1. 空格处作主语，需表示“官员”的名词，且谓语动词believe为原形，说明主语是复数概念，所给单词office的名词复数形式为officers，故填officers。
2. 定冠词the后需接名词，所给单词born是动词，其名词形式为birth（诞生），故填birth。
3. 空格处修饰动词turned，需用副词，所给单词rapid的副词形式为rapidly，故填rapidly。
4. 空格处作increase的宾语，需表示“产量”的名词，所给单词produce是动词，其名词形式为production，故填production。
5. 空格处修饰形容词known，需用副词，所给单词wide的副词形式为widely，故填widely。
【答案】
1. officers 2. birth 3. rapidly 4. production 5. widely
【知识点】
英语词性转换、副词用法、名词用法
【点评】
本题考查英语基础词性转换，需结合句子成分判断所需词性，是英语学习中的基础题型，侧重对常见单词不同词性形式的掌握。
【难度系数】
0.8

Ⅱ. (教材 p.46 1b 改编)语篇填空
阅读短文，根据汉语提示完成短文。
Can you imagine a world without books, newspapers, or magazines? All of these things depend on one invention—papermaking. It, more than any other invention, was 1. (负责) the 2. (迅速的) spread of information that 3. (塑造) our modern world. In ancient China, many different materials were used to write on. However, all of these materials were either difficult to use and store or very 4. (昂贵的). In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Cai Lun became interested in trying to solve the problem. From past experiences, Cai Lun got the idea that bark, certain plants, and old clothes could be used to make a special material 5. (适合书写). In the first step of Cai Lun's experiment, all the ingredients were mixed and boiled in water. Then, this material was beaten, 6. (切碎), and mixed with water again. Next, the liquid was poured over a bamboo screen, leaving just the fibre. Finally, this fibre was dried and pressed to form paper. The paper Cai Lun invented was soft, light, easy to make and use, and most importantly, 7. (便宜的). Later on, the papermaking technique not only 8. (加速) the development of Chinese culture, but also changed civilizations around the world. When the use of paper and printing came together in later centuries, it 9. (造成) a rapid increase in the number of books. This 10. (导致) a new birth of knowledge, creating the world we have today.

1. responsible for 2. rapid 3. shaped
4. expensive 5. suitable to write on
6. cut up 7. cheap 8. speeded up
9. led to 10. resulted in

【分析】
解题时需结合汉语提示，同时考虑短文语境、固定搭配、词性及动词时态确定答案。通读短文可知，本文介绍古代造纸术的历史，整体时态为一般过去时。逐个分析：1. 汉语提示“负责”对应固定搭配be responsible for；2. 修饰名词spread需用形容词“迅速的”；3. 定语从句谓语表过去动作，需用“塑造”的过去式；4. 形容词作表语对应“昂贵的”；5. 表“适合书写”用固定搭配suitable to write on；6. 与beaten并列需用过去分词“切碎”；7. 形容词作表语对应“便宜的”；8. 谓语表过去动作，“加速”用过去式；9. 谓语表过去动作，“造成”用过去式；10. 谓语表过去动作，“导致”用过去式。
【解析】
1. 考查固定搭配：be responsible for是固定短语，意为“对……负责”，符合语境，故填responsible for。
2. 考查形容词：此处修饰名词spread，需用形容词，“迅速的”对应rapid，故填rapid。
3. 考查动词时态：定语从句描述过去动作，谓语动词用shape的过去式shaped，故填shaped。
4. 考查形容词：此处与difficult并列作表语，“昂贵的”对应expensive，故填expensive。
5. 考查固定搭配：be suitable to do sth是固定结构，意为“适合做某事”，此处作定语修饰material，故填suitable to write on。
6. 考查并列结构：与beaten并列，需用过去分词，“切碎”对应cut up（cut的过去分词仍为cut），故填cut up。
7. 考查形容词：此处作表语，“便宜的”对应cheap，故填cheap。
8. 考查动词时态：描述过去动作，谓语动词用speed up的过去式speeded up，故填speeded up。
9. 考查动词时态：描述过去动作，谓语动词用lead to的过去式led to，故填led to。
10. 考查动词时态：描述过去动作，谓语动词用result in的过去式resulted in，故填resulted in。
【答案】
1. responsible for 2. rapid 3. shaped 4. expensive 5. suitable to write on 6. cut up 7. cheap 8. speeded up 9. led to 10. resulted in
【知识点】
固定搭配、形容词用法、动词时态
【点评】
本题为语篇填空，结合汉语提示考查基础词汇、常用固定搭配及动词时态，需结合语境分析，是常见的基础题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5

Ⅲ. 完形填空
Many of the most useful things around us were invented by accident. Believe it or not,
such as the Velcro strip(尼龙搭扣), potato chips and tea were accidents.
The Velcro strip was by a Swiss engineer called George de Mestral. One day in 1941, when he went hunting with his dog, he found the dog many burrs (芒刺). George tried to pull them out without much success. he got home, he put one of the burrs under his microscope and saw that it was covered with tiny hooks(钩) which made it so to remove the burrs from his dog. This gave him the , and soon the Velcro strip was born.
The potato chip was invented in 1853 by George Crum, a who worked in a restaurant in America. One day, a customer in the restaurant sent back plate of fried potatoes because they were cut too . George was so angry that he cut a potato into very thin slices and fried them. Then he put lots of salt on them. He that the customer would hate them, but the customer loved them and asked for more.
The most drink in the world, after water of course, is tea. It's another common thing that was invented . It was invented in China around 5,000 years ago by a Chinese emperor called Shen Nong. The emperor was water to drink over an open fire when some leaves fell into the water from a nearby plant. The emperor that the leaves in the water produced a pleasant smell. He tasted the hot water and found it was quite delicious. And this is the that tea was invented.
1. A. persons B. things C. mistakes D. plants
2. A. used B. shared C. sold D. invented
3. A. mixed up B. cleaned up C. picked up D. put up
4. A. Until B. Although C. Before D. When
5. A. nervous B. difficult C. dangerous D. boring
6. A. advice B. hope C. test D. idea
7. A. cook B. waiter C. cleaner D. manager
8. A. his B. their C. its D. your
9. A. small B. big C. thick D. thin
10. A. thought B. suggested C. imagined D. explained
11. A. expensive B. popular C. interesting D. delicious
12. A. gradually B. directly C. accidentally D. suddenly
13. A. pouring B. boiling C. bringing D. using
14. A. noticed B. ordered C. supposed D. recalled
15. A. place B. plan C. time D. way

1－5 BDCDB 6－10 DAACA
11－15 BCBAD

【分析】
做完形填空需先通读全文把握主旨（本文围绕“许多实用事物由偶然发明”展开，列举了尼龙搭扣、薯片、茶的发明案例），再结合上下文语境、词汇词义辨析、逻辑关系逐一确定选项：
1. 第1空需指代前文的“useful things”，选对应名词；
2. 第2空考查“发明”的动词；
3. 第3空需表达“狗身上粘上芒刺”的含义，选对应短语；
4. 第4空考查时间状语从句的引导词；
5. 第5空结合芒刺的结构（小钩子）判断“难拔掉”的属性；
6. 第6空对应“发明的灵感”；
7. 第7空结合薯片发明者的职业（厨师）；
8. 第8空考查物主代词的指代；
9. 第9空结合顾客退回土豆的原因（切得太厚）；
10. 第10空表达George的主观想法；
11. 第11空描述茶的受欢迎程度；
12. 第12空呼应主旨“偶然发明”；
13. 第13空考查“煮水”的动词；
14. 第14空表达皇帝的感官发现；
15. 第15空对应“发明的方式”。
【解析】
1. 前文提到“many of the most useful things”，此处such指代这些事物，故选B（things）；
2. 尼龙搭扣是瑞士工程师发明的，故选D（invented）；
3. 狗身上粘上了芒刺，pick up有“（被）粘上”的含义，故选C（picked up）；
4. 此处表“当他到家时”，用when引导时间状语从句，故选D（When）；
5. 芒刺上的小钩子使得很难从狗身上拔掉，difficult符合语境，故选B（difficult）；
6. 这给了他发明的想法，idea正确，故选D（idea）；
7. George Crum是餐厅的厨师（因制作薯片），故选A（cook）；
8. 顾客退回George的盘子，用his指代George的，故选A（his）；
9. 顾客因土豆切太厚而退回，thick对应后文的thin，故选C（thick）；
10. 他以为顾客会讨厌，thought符合主观想法的语境，故选A（thought）；
11. 茶是世界上最受欢迎的饮品，popular正确，故选B（popular）；
12. 茶是偶然发明的，呼应主旨，故选C（accidentally）；
13. 皇帝在煮水，boiling符合语境，故选B（boiling）；
14. 他注意到叶子产生的好闻味道，noticed正确，故选A（noticed）；
15. 这就是茶被发明的方式，way符合，故选D（way）。
【答案】
1－5 BDCDB 6－10 DAACA 11－15 BCBAD
【知识点】
完形填空解题技巧，词义辨析，上下文语境理解
【点评】
本文为记叙文类完形填空，围绕“偶然发明实用事物”的主题，考查学生对语境的把握、词汇辨析和逻辑推理能力，是常见的基础型完形填空题型。
【难度系数】
0.6