Ⅵ.阅读理解
The Mysterious Mariana Trench
The Mariana Trench is the deepest known point in the world's oceans. It is located in the western Pacific Ocean, near the Mariana Islands. The deepest part of the trench is called Challenger Deep, which reaches nearly 11,000 metres below the sea surface. To understand how deep that is, imagine putting Mount Qomolangma (the highest mountain on Earth) into the trench—the top of the mountain would still be more than 2,000 metres underwater!
This extreme depth makes the trench a very difficult place to explore. Sunlight cannot reach the bottom, so it is in permanent darkness. The water pressure there is huge—as high as 1,000 times the pressure at the sea surface, which is like having 100 adult elephants standing on your head. Because of these conditions, only a few specially designed submersibles(潜水器) can travel to such depths.
Nevertheless, life exists even there. Some unusual deep-sea creatures, such as the goblin shark(哥布林鲨) and the snail squid, have been found in the trench. These animals have adapted to the dark, high-pressure environment. For example, some can produce their own light.
China's deep-sea submersible, Fendouzhe, once reached a depth of 10,909 metres in the Mariana Trench in 2020, carrying three people. This shows how technology helps us learn about the most remote parts of our planet.
()31. Where is the Mariana Trench located?
A. In the eastern Pacific Ocean. B. Near the Mariana Islands.
C. Next to the Philippines. D. In the Challenger Deep.
()32. What is the deepest part of the Mariana Trench called?
A. Mariana Deep.
B. Challenger Deep.
C. Pacific Deep.
C. Earth Deep.
()33. Why is it difficult for humans to explore the Mariana Trench?
A. Because there are too many sharks.
B. Because there is no water.
C. Because there is no light.
D. Because there is no life.
()34. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. Mount Qomolangma is higher than the depth of the Mariana Trench.
B. Some creatures in the trench can produce their own light.
C. The water pressure at the bottom is the same as at the surface.
D. There is no life ever existing in such deep sea.
()35. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To introduce the deepest ocean trench and its features.
B. To encourage tourism to the Mariana Trench.
C. To explain how to become a deep-sea explorer.
D. To describe how difficult to explore the deep sea.

31.B 32.B 33.C 34.B 35.A

【分析】
这是一篇科普类说明文阅读理解，解题时优先采用题干关键词定位法：首先浏览所有题目题干，标记每道题的核心提问点，再带着问题回到原文对应段落查找匹配信息，细节题直接比对选项和原文表述即可排除错误项，主旨题需要串联全文各段落的核心内容，排除仅覆盖局部内容的干扰项，最终选出最贴合原文的答案。
【解析】
31. 细节理解题：根据原文第一段第二句"It is located in the western Pacific Ocean, near the Mariana Islands."可知马里亚纳海沟的位置靠近马里亚纳群岛，A选项的东太平洋表述错误，C选项原文未提及，D选项的Challenger Deep是海沟最深区域并非海沟的位置，因此选B。
32. 细节理解题：根据原文第一段第三句"The deepest part of the trench is called Challenger Deep"可知海沟的最深部分名为挑战者深渊，直接对应B选项，因此选B。
33. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段"Sunlight cannot reach the bottom, so it is in permanent darkness. The water pressure there is huge..."可知海沟难以探索的原因包括无光、水压极大，选项中仅C表述符合原文，A选项大量鲨鱼原文未提及，B选项没有水不符合常识和原文，D选项没有生命和后文表述矛盾，因此选C。
34. 细节判断题：逐一核对选项：A选项表述和原文"putting Mount Qomolangma into the trench—the top of the mountain would still be more than 2,000 metres underwater"矛盾；B选项和原文第三段末尾"For example, some can produce their own light."表述完全一致；C选项和原文水压是海面1000倍的表述矛盾；D选项和海沟内存在特殊生物的表述矛盾，因此正确选项为B。
35. 主旨大意题：全文依次介绍了马里亚纳海沟的位置、深度、极端环境、特殊生物、我国深潜器探测成果，核心目的是介绍世界最深海沟的相关特点，B选项推广旅游原文完全未提及，C选项讲解如何成为深海探险家无相关内容，D选项仅覆盖第二段局部内容，并非全文主旨，因此选A。
【答案】
31.B 32.B 33.C 34.B 35.A
【知识点】
细节信息定位
主旨大意归纳
文本正误判断
【点评】
本题属于低难度的科普类阅读，所有题目的线索都可以在原文中直接找到，不需要复杂推理，主要考察学生快速从说明文中检索关键信息的能力，同时能帮助学生拓展海洋相关的科普常识。
【难度系数】
0.7