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训练4 体裁: 议论文 主题: 比赛 难度: ★★★★★ 建议用时: 9 min 正确率: /5
The big day is finally here. You and your team have made it to the final game of the soccer tournament(锦标赛). You're ready to win ... but so is the other team. Then, suddenly, someone scores! The game is over. The other team has won and gets a shiny gold cup. But then the coaches start giving out something else to you and the other players: participation awards(参与奖). Everyone reacts differently. Some cheer with pride. Others look disappointed. And you? You don't know how to feel ...
Participation awards have been around since the 1920s, when they were invented to make sports safer for kids. That's because when the first youth sports tournament was created in the early 1900s, games were even more competitive(竞争的) than they are today. Many kids were badly hurt in their effort to win. Adults were worried. Some schools even stopped holding sports programs completely.
But then came a solution: participation awards. The point was to take the focus away from winning and put it on other values, like teamwork and hard work, or sticking to something. Many people today say that's why participation awards are still needed. "Winning isn't everything," Kenneth Barish, a scientist who studies kids' feelings and behavior. "The more important thing is to let kids know that we're proud of them—not for winning, but for their effort. Praising effort has an amazing influence. It makes it easier for young people to try new things without fear, learn from mistakes, and take on new challenges with a positive attitude."
But some people worry that giving awards to everyone sends the wrong message. Some even believe it is time to toss them aside for good. In real life, people are not always rewarded for just showing up. After all, you don't get an A just for going to class. Participation awards, some say, could teach kids to expect awards when they aren't deserved(值得).
So what do you think? Does everyone deserve a participation award?
1. What's the writing purpose(目的) of Paragraph 1?
A. To talk about a soccer game.
B. To compare two kinds of awards.
C. To show how people feel about awards.
D. To lead the topic of participation awards.
2. What can we learn about participation awards from Paragraph 2?
A. They were created to make sports safer for kids.
B. They were made to make games more competitive.
C. They started with the first youth sports tournament.
D. They were used by schools to solve parents' worries.
3. What does Kenneth Barish mainly want to tell us?
A. How awards can affect game results.
B. Why participation awards are needed.
C. How participation awards stop competing.
D. Why winning shouldn't be taken seriously.
4. What do the underlined words "toss them aside for good" mean in Paragraph 4?
A. Keep them in mind.
B. Turn them into money.
C. Treat them as fun things.
D. Throw them away forever.
5. What does the writer think of participation awards?
A. He doesn't care.
B. He supports them.
C. He sees both sides.
D. He questions them.
The big day is finally here. You and your team have made it to the final game of the soccer tournament(锦标赛). You're ready to win ... but so is the other team. Then, suddenly, someone scores! The game is over. The other team has won and gets a shiny gold cup. But then the coaches start giving out something else to you and the other players: participation awards(参与奖). Everyone reacts differently. Some cheer with pride. Others look disappointed. And you? You don't know how to feel ...
Participation awards have been around since the 1920s, when they were invented to make sports safer for kids. That's because when the first youth sports tournament was created in the early 1900s, games were even more competitive(竞争的) than they are today. Many kids were badly hurt in their effort to win. Adults were worried. Some schools even stopped holding sports programs completely.
But then came a solution: participation awards. The point was to take the focus away from winning and put it on other values, like teamwork and hard work, or sticking to something. Many people today say that's why participation awards are still needed. "Winning isn't everything," Kenneth Barish, a scientist who studies kids' feelings and behavior. "The more important thing is to let kids know that we're proud of them—not for winning, but for their effort. Praising effort has an amazing influence. It makes it easier for young people to try new things without fear, learn from mistakes, and take on new challenges with a positive attitude."
But some people worry that giving awards to everyone sends the wrong message. Some even believe it is time to toss them aside for good. In real life, people are not always rewarded for just showing up. After all, you don't get an A just for going to class. Participation awards, some say, could teach kids to expect awards when they aren't deserved(值得).
So what do you think? Does everyone deserve a participation award?
1. What's the writing purpose(目的) of Paragraph 1?
A. To talk about a soccer game.
B. To compare two kinds of awards.
C. To show how people feel about awards.
D. To lead the topic of participation awards.
2. What can we learn about participation awards from Paragraph 2?
A. They were created to make sports safer for kids.
B. They were made to make games more competitive.
C. They started with the first youth sports tournament.
D. They were used by schools to solve parents' worries.
3. What does Kenneth Barish mainly want to tell us?
A. How awards can affect game results.
B. Why participation awards are needed.
C. How participation awards stop competing.
D. Why winning shouldn't be taken seriously.
4. What do the underlined words "toss them aside for good" mean in Paragraph 4?
A. Keep them in mind.
B. Turn them into money.
C. Treat them as fun things.
D. Throw them away forever.
5. What does the writer think of participation awards?
A. He doesn't care.
B. He supports them.
C. He sees both sides.
D. He questions them.
答案
1. D 推理判断题。根据第一段“The big day is finally here ... But then the coaches start giving out something else to you and the other players: participation awards.”可知本段通过描述足球比赛和人们对参与奖的不同反应，引出本文的话题。故选 D。
2. A 细节理解题。根据第二段“Participation awards have been around since the 1920s, when they were invented to make sports safer for kids.”可知参与奖的初衷是保障儿童安全。故选 A。
3. B 推理判断题。根据第三段“Many people today say that's why participation awards are still needed.”和“The more important thing is to let kids know that we're proud of them—not for winning, but for their effort.”可知肯尼思·巴里什强调参与奖的必要性在于肯定孩子们的努力。故选 B。
4. D 词义猜测题。根据上文“But some people worry that giving awards to everyone sends the wrong message.”和下文“Participation awards, some say, could teach kids to expect awards when they aren't deserved.”可知本段介绍反对参与奖的观点，给每个人颁奖会发出错误信息，参与奖让孩子们在不应得的时候期待奖项，由此可推知“toss them aside for good”意为“永久摒弃”。故选 D。
5. C 推理判断题。作者在文中没有明确表示支持或反对参与奖，第三段用“Many people today say that's why participation awards are still needed.”引出支持者的观点，第四段用“But some people worry that giving awards to everyone sends the wrong message.”引出反对者的观点，最后一段以开放性问题“So what do you think?”结束，由此可知作者客观地呈现了正反两方的论点，持中立态度。故选 C。
2. A 细节理解题。根据第二段“Participation awards have been around since the 1920s, when they were invented to make sports safer for kids.”可知参与奖的初衷是保障儿童安全。故选 A。
3. B 推理判断题。根据第三段“Many people today say that's why participation awards are still needed.”和“The more important thing is to let kids know that we're proud of them—not for winning, but for their effort.”可知肯尼思·巴里什强调参与奖的必要性在于肯定孩子们的努力。故选 B。
4. D 词义猜测题。根据上文“But some people worry that giving awards to everyone sends the wrong message.”和下文“Participation awards, some say, could teach kids to expect awards when they aren't deserved.”可知本段介绍反对参与奖的观点，给每个人颁奖会发出错误信息，参与奖让孩子们在不应得的时候期待奖项，由此可推知“toss them aside for good”意为“永久摒弃”。故选 D。
5. C 推理判断题。作者在文中没有明确表示支持或反对参与奖，第三段用“Many people today say that's why participation awards are still needed.”引出支持者的观点，第四段用“But some people worry that giving awards to everyone sends the wrong message.”引出反对者的观点，最后一段以开放性问题“So what do you think?”结束，由此可知作者客观地呈现了正反两方的论点，持中立态度。故选 C。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇围绕“参与奖”展开的议论文，设置5道题目，分别考查推理判断、细节理解、词义猜测、作者态度类推理判断。解题时需先通读全文，把握文章主旨（参与奖的起源、支持者与反对者的不同观点）；针对每道题，根据题干关键词定位原文对应段落，结合上下文语境分析选项，排除无依据或与原文不符的选项，确定正确答案。
【解析】
1. 第1题：推理判断题。定位第一段，该段通过描述足球锦标赛决赛后颁发参与奖的场景，引出本文关于参与奖的话题，并非单纯谈论足球比赛、比较奖项或展示人们对奖项的感受，故选D。
2. 第2题：细节理解题。定位第二段，根据“Participation awards have been around since the 1920s, when they were invented to make sports safer for kids.”可知参与奖的初衷是保障儿童运动安全，B选项与原文相反，C选项错误（参与奖始于1920年代，而非首届青年体育锦标赛），D选项原文未提及，故选A。
3. 第3题：推理判断题。定位第三段，Barish的话强调要肯定孩子的努力而非胜利，说明参与奖的必要性，A选项未涉及奖项对比赛结果的影响，C选项未提及参与奖如何阻止竞争，D选项与原文“Winning isn't everything”不符（并非不重视胜利），故选B。
4. 第4题：词义猜测题。定位第四段，该段介绍反对参与奖的观点，认为参与奖传递错误信号，会让孩子期待不应得的奖项，故“toss them aside for good”意为“永久摒弃”，A、B、C选项均不符合语境，故选D。
5. 第5题：推理判断题。作者在文中未明确支持或反对参与奖，仅客观呈现支持者（第三段）和反对者（第四段）的观点，最后以开放性问题收尾，说明作者持中立态度，A、B、D选项均不符合，故选C。
【答案】1.D 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.C
【知识点】
阅读理解（细节理解）、阅读理解（推理判断）、阅读理解（词义猜测）
【点评】
本文围绕“参与奖”展开议论文论述，考查学生对文章结构、细节信息、作者态度及词义的理解，需学生具备快速定位原文、分析推理的能力，是常见的英语阅读考查题型，能有效检验学生的语篇理解能力。
【难度系数】
0.5
这是一篇围绕“参与奖”展开的议论文，设置5道题目，分别考查推理判断、细节理解、词义猜测、作者态度类推理判断。解题时需先通读全文，把握文章主旨（参与奖的起源、支持者与反对者的不同观点）；针对每道题，根据题干关键词定位原文对应段落，结合上下文语境分析选项，排除无依据或与原文不符的选项，确定正确答案。
【解析】
1. 第1题：推理判断题。定位第一段，该段通过描述足球锦标赛决赛后颁发参与奖的场景，引出本文关于参与奖的话题，并非单纯谈论足球比赛、比较奖项或展示人们对奖项的感受，故选D。
2. 第2题：细节理解题。定位第二段，根据“Participation awards have been around since the 1920s, when they were invented to make sports safer for kids.”可知参与奖的初衷是保障儿童运动安全，B选项与原文相反，C选项错误（参与奖始于1920年代，而非首届青年体育锦标赛），D选项原文未提及，故选A。
3. 第3题：推理判断题。定位第三段，Barish的话强调要肯定孩子的努力而非胜利，说明参与奖的必要性，A选项未涉及奖项对比赛结果的影响，C选项未提及参与奖如何阻止竞争，D选项与原文“Winning isn't everything”不符（并非不重视胜利），故选B。
4. 第4题：词义猜测题。定位第四段，该段介绍反对参与奖的观点，认为参与奖传递错误信号，会让孩子期待不应得的奖项，故“toss them aside for good”意为“永久摒弃”，A、B、C选项均不符合语境，故选D。
5. 第5题：推理判断题。作者在文中未明确支持或反对参与奖，仅客观呈现支持者（第三段）和反对者（第四段）的观点，最后以开放性问题收尾，说明作者持中立态度，A、B、D选项均不符合，故选C。
【答案】1.D 2.A 3.B 4.D 5.C
【知识点】
阅读理解（细节理解）、阅读理解（推理判断）、阅读理解（词义猜测）
【点评】
本文围绕“参与奖”展开议论文论述，考查学生对文章结构、细节信息、作者态度及词义的理解，需学生具备快速定位原文、分析推理的能力，是常见的英语阅读考查题型，能有效检验学生的语篇理解能力。
【难度系数】
0.5
