一、补全短文
骑行是惬意的享受。而我们如今的自行车，并非一直如此。从最初无踏板的简陋设计，到结构完善的现代车型，一位位发明家的尝试，最终创造出我们熟悉的自行车。
Sometimes there's nothing better than going for a bike ride. 1 A German named Karl Von Drais was the first to make a two-wheeled riding tool in 1817. It was given the fun name—the “hobby horse”. 2 You had to kick(踢) your feet against the ground to make it move. But while Drais is known as the “Father of the Bicycle”, his invention soon went out of date. Poet John Keats even called it the “nothing of the day”.
3 In the 1860s, French inventors such as Pierre Lallement and Pierre Michaux, put pedals(踏板) on the machine. These were the first to be called “bicycles”. 4 In fact, they gave the rider such a bumpy(颠簸的) ride that people called them “bone-shakers”. To try to make the bicycle a little safer, inventors such as British James Starley and French Eugene Meyer, made bikes with really big front wheels. They became really popular in the 1870s and 1880s and helped give rise to the first bicycle clubs and races. In 1884, Englishman Thomas Stevens began a journey on one of these bikes across the world.
5 So, in 1885, Englishman John Kemp Starley made the “safety bicycle”. The wheels were the same size and it used the chain(链条) drive that bikes still use today. Years later, tires(轮胎) were finally added and the bicycle we know and love today had arrived.
A. It had no pedals.
B. But they weren't very comfortable.
C. But these bikes were still dangerous.
D. But bikes weren't always as good as they are now.
E. The early bicycles didn't meet people's needs at all.
F. People tried different ways to make bicycles look unusual.
G. However, people in Europe continued to work on the idea to make it better.
1-5
思维拓展
6. What does the underlined word “it” refer to?
A. The size.
B. The chain.
C. The wheel.
D. The“safety bike”.

一、1.D 2.A 3.G 4.B 5.C
【思维拓展】
6. D 【解析】根据“The wheels were the same size and it used the chain”可知，此处指安全自行车使用了今天自行车仍在使用的链条驱动。

【分析】本题为英语补全短文题，需结合上下文语境、逻辑关系梳理自行车的发展脉络，逐一匹配空缺处的衔接句。先通读全文，明确文章围绕自行车从简陋到现代的演变展开，再根据每个空前后的内容，选择语义衔接、逻辑通顺的选项。
【解析】
1. 第1空：前文提到“有时候没有比骑自行车更好的事了”，后文开始介绍自行车的早期发明，结合转折逻辑，此处应说明自行车并非一直如此好，对应D选项。
2. 第2空：后文提到“你必须用脚蹬地才能让它移动”，说明早期的自行车没有踏板，对应A选项。
3. 第3空：前文说Drais的发明过时了，后文讲1860年代法国人对自行车的改进，说明欧洲人继续完善自行车，对应G选项。
4. 第4空：后文提到“骑行很颠簸，被叫做‘bone-shakers’”，说明这些自行车不舒服，对应B选项。
5. 第5空：后文提到1885年安全自行车的出现，说明之前的自行车存在问题，对应C选项（危险）。
思维拓展第6题：根据划线词所在句“The wheels were the same size and it used the chain drive that bikes still use today”，可知it指代前面提到的“safety bicycle”，故选D。
【答案】1.D 2.A 3.G 4.B 5.C；6.D
【知识点】英语补全短文、代词指代
【点评】本题考查对文章逻辑关系和细节的理解，需要学生梳理事件发展顺序，结合语境匹配句子，同时掌握代词指代的判断方法，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6

二、完形填空
生活中的小麻烦往往是创新的起点。14岁的石源因一次扔湿垃圾的糟糕经历萌生发明想法。他反复打磨设计，让简单的想法变成了实用的发明，用少年智慧让生活更便捷。
You have to be careful when throwing
away wet waste. It may include food or other kinds of rubbish. Maybe these kinds of waste have made a big 1 when you've thrown them away before. Shi Yuan, 14, from Shanghai Wenlai Middle School has made a special 2 to solve his problem. The bag has a band of adhesive tape(粘贴带). When one 3 of the tape is open, the bag can be turned upside down. You can hold the bottom end and 4 throw wet rubbish into a trash can(垃圾箱).
Shi came up with the idea after a 5 experience when he got his pants all wet while throwing it away. He found that many 6 people had the same problem. He made up his mind to solve this problem and invented his special bag.
He first thought about using a gunny(麻布) bag or placing a bag rack on his trash cans. 7 neither of these ideas worked. So he decided to just design his own rubbish bag. "I didn't want to put any extra burden(负担) on the bag, so I used adhesive tape," Shi said.
However, the bag was a one-off(一次性的) 8. So it wasn't 9 friendly. As a result, Shi 10 improving his design. He remembered reading about the adhesive used for post-it notes(便利贴). Shi thought this weak glue(胶水) could be used 11 the adhesive tape and allow the garbage bag to be reused.
Shi's bag has become 12 in many communities. He has already 13 2 million bags online. His father is quite 14 of him.
"Kids like to play. Shi just 15 the way he plays and put his mind toward exploring(探索) a way to make life easier," Shi's father said.
1. A. success B. mess C. wish D. meal
2. A. basket B. bottle C. can D. bag
3. A. board B. center C. end D. stomach
4. A. hard B. easily C. hardly D. generally
5. A. terrible B. pleasant C. lucky D. friendly
6. A. the other B. another C. other D. others
7. A. And B. Unless C. Until D. But
8. A. product B. production C. process D. protection
9. A. directly B. suddenly C. environmentally D. carefully
10. A. ended up B. gave up C. kept on D. looked up
11. A. for B. by C. in D. to
12. A. similar B. different C. popular D. awful
13. A. bought B. sold C. required D. reviewed
14. A. patient B. upset C. angry D. proud
15. A. requested B. changed C. threw D. compared
1-5 6-10 11-15
思维拓展
16. What does the underlined word "it" refer to?
A. Shi's pant.
B. Shi's idea.
C. The terrible experience.
D. The wet waste.

1. B 【解析】根据“You have to be careful when throwing away wet waste. It may include food or other kinds of rubbish”可知扔掉这些垃圾可能会造成大混乱。make a big mess“造成大混乱”。
2. D 【解析】根据下文“The bag has a band of adhesive tape”可知，此处指石源做了一个特殊的袋子。
3. C 【解析】根据“You can hold the bottom end and…throw wet rubbish into a trash can”可知，此处指胶带的一端。
4. B 【解析】根据“You can hold the bottom end and…throw wet rubbish into a trash can”可知，这个袋子有粘贴带，一端打开就可以倒过来，所以很容易把湿垃圾扔进垃圾桶。
5. A 【解析】根据“When he got his pants all wet while throwing it away”可知，石源扔垃圾时把裤子全弄湿了，这是一次糟糕的经历。
6. C 【解析】根据句意可知，此处指许多其他人。
7. D 【解析】根据“neither of these ideas worked”可知，这两个想法都没有奏效，与上文是转折关系。
8. A 【解析】根据“the bag was a one-off…”可知，这个袋子是一次性产品。
9. C 【解析】根据上文这个袋子是一次性产品可推测，此处指它不环保。environmentally friendly“环保的”。
10. C 【解析】根据“improving his design”可知，石源继续改进他的设计。
11. A 【解析】根据“the adhesive tape”可知，他认为这种弱胶水可以用来做胶带。
12. C 【解析】根据“He has already …2 million bags online”可知，他的袋子在网上很受欢迎。
13. B 【解析】根据“2 million bags online”可知，此处指在网上卖出了200万个袋子。
14. D 【解析】根据“Kids like to play. Shi just … the way he plays and put his mind toward exploring a way to make life easier”可知，石源的父亲为他感到骄傲。be proud of“为……感到骄傲”。
15. B 【解析】根据“the way he plays”可知，此处指改变了他玩的方式。
【思维拓展】
16. D 【解析】根据文章开头“You have to be careful when throwing away wet waste”及画线词前“when he got his pants all wet while throwing it away”可知，此处it指代的是湿垃圾。

【分析】
做完形填空时，需先通读全文明确主旨（本文讲述14岁少年石源因扔湿垃圾的糟糕经历，发明实用垃圾袋的故事），再逐空结合上下文语境、词义辨析、固定搭配、逻辑关系分析选项，最后验证答案是否符合语篇逻辑；思维拓展题的代词指代需定位前文对应名词，结合语境判断指代内容。
【解析】
1. 根据前文“扔湿垃圾要小心，它可能包含食物或其他垃圾”，可知扔这类垃圾会造成大混乱，固定搭配make a big mess意为“造成大混乱”，故选B。
2. 下文提到“The bag has a band of adhesive tape”，可知此处指石源制作了特殊的袋子，故选D。
3. 根据后文“你可以握住底端，把湿垃圾扔进垃圾桶”，可知此处指胶带的一端，故选C。
4. 该袋子有粘贴带，一端打开即可倒置，因此能轻易把湿垃圾扔进垃圾桶，故选B。
5. 根据后文“他扔垃圾时裤子全湿了”，可知这是一次糟糕的经历，故选A。
6. 此处指“许多其他的人”，other修饰复数名词people，故选C。
7. 前文提到他想过用麻布或垃圾袋架，后文说这些想法都没用，前后是转折关系，故选D。
8. 根据“一次性的”可知，这个袋子是一次性产品，故选A。
9. 因为是一次性产品，所以不环保，environmentally friendly意为“环保的”，故选C。
10. 他决定改进设计，keep on doing sth意为“继续做某事”，故选C。
11. 此处表示“这种弱胶水可以用来制作胶带”，be used for意为“被用于”，故选A。
12. 根据后文“网上卖出200万个袋子”，可知这个袋子很受欢迎，故选C。
13. 网上卖出200万个袋子，故选B。
14. 父亲为他的行为感到骄傲，be proud of意为“为……骄傲”，故选D。
15. 他改变了自己玩耍的方式，专注于探索让生活更便捷的方法，故选B。
【思维拓展】16. 根据前文“扔湿垃圾时”，可知it指代湿垃圾，故选D。
【答案】1.B 2.D 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.D 8.A 9.C 10.C 11.A 12.C 13.B 14.D 15.B 16.D
【知识点】完形填空解题技巧、词义辨析、固定搭配、代词指代
【点评】本文以少年创新发明的故事为载体，考查学生的语篇理解能力、词汇辨析及固定搭配的掌握，贴近学生生活，兼具教育意义，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6