一、用所给词的正确形式填空。
1. The guide told us the (deep) of the lake was more than 50 metres.
2. The travel guidebook gave an amazing (describe) of the vast Sahara Desert.
3. You need to relax because too much pressure is not good for your (develop).
4. The weather here is sunny, but today's sudden heavy rain is an situation. (usual)
5. are animal behaviour now, and their will help protect nature. (research)

1. depth
2. description
3. development
4. usually; unusual
5. Researchers; researching; research

【分析】
本题为英语词性转换填空题，需根据句子结构、语境及语法规则，将所给词根转换为正确的词性形式填入空格。解题时需先判断每个空格所需的词性（名词、副词等），再结合词根的变形规则完成转换。
【解析】
1. 定冠词the后需接名词，deep的名词形式为depth，故填depth。
2. 不定冠词an后需接名词，describe的名词形式为description，故填description。
3. 形容词性物主代词your后需接名词，develop的名词形式为development，故填development。
4. 第一空修饰形容词sunny，需用副词，usual的副词是usually；第二空修饰名词situation，结合语境“突然的大雨”可知需表“不寻常的”，故填unusual。
5. 第一空作主语且be动词为are，需用复数名词researchers；第二空为现在进行时，需用现在分词researching；第三空形容词性物主代词their后需接名词，故填research。
【答案】
1. depth
2. description
3. development
4. usually; unusual
5. Researchers; researching; research
【知识点】
英语词性转换、名词的用法、副词的用法
【点评】
本题考查初中英语基础的词性转换，需学生掌握常见词性的变形规则及句子成分判断，是日常学习的核心基础题型，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6

二、根据汉语意思完成句子。
1.大连是中国一个美丽的城市。它有12000多平方千米。
Dalian is a beautiful city in China. It is over 12,000 .
2.顺便问一句，你有没有拍很多照片来纪念你的旅行？
,did you take many photos to remember your trip?
3.虽然海洋中有各种各样的动物，但也存在大量垃圾。
Though there are different kinds of animals ,there is also a lot of rubbish.
4.珠穆朗玛峰是世界上最高的山。
Mount Qomolangma is in the world.
5.一些近海平面的城市正努力修建绿色防护墙，以抵御洪水侵袭。
Some cities near are working hard to build green walls against floods.

1. square kilometres
2. By the way
3. in the ocean
4. the highest mountain
5. sea level

【分析】本题为根据汉语意思完成句子的基础题型，需结合汉语提示，回忆对应的英语固定搭配、词汇及短语，确保填入内容符合语法规则和语义要求，匹配空格数量。具体需对应每个句子的汉语含义，找到准确的英语表达，如固定短语、面积单位、地点状语、形容词最高级等相关内容。
【解析】1. 表示面积单位“平方千米”，对应固定表达square kilometres，符合空格数量；2. “顺便问一句”是常用口语固定短语By the way，句首首字母大写；3. “在海洋中”用介词短语in the ocean作地点状语；4. 形容词最高级前需加定冠词the，“最高的山”译为the highest mountain；5. “海平面”是固定短语sea level，near后接该名词短语。
【答案】1. square kilometres；2. By the way；3. in the ocean；4. the highest mountain；5. sea level
【知识点】英语固定搭配、英语词汇运用、形容词最高级
【点评】本题考查基础英语词汇、固定短语及形容词最高级的用法，属于基础题型，难度较低，适合巩固英语基础知识点。
【难度系数】0.8

三、阅读理解。
Our planet has many amazing places, and one of them is Vinicunca in Peru. Known as the Rainbow Mountain, it is famous for its bright lines of red, yellow, green, and purple. It is part of the Andes Mountains(安第斯山脉), the longest mountain chain(山脉) on earth. At 5,200 metres tall, it is even taller than other famous mountains. Did you know the Andes grow about 1 centimetre higher every year? Visitors say Rainbow Mountain makes them feel like stepping into a magical world!
The colourful lines come from different rocks under the ground. For example, iron(铁) in the rocks turns red when it meets the air, and a yellow material called sulfur(硫磺) makes the bright yellow lines. Over thousands of years, wind and rain slowly washed away dirt and ice, showing these colourful parts. Scientists say it's like nature is an artist!
The colours also change with the weather—they look bright in the sunlight and soft on cloudy days.
Before 2015, Rainbow Mountain was covered in ice. When the ice turned into water because of warmer weather, the colours became perceptible. Now, many travellers visit it every year. But too many people walking here can harm the mountain. To protect it, local villagers control the number of visitors and ask everyone to follow simple rules, like taking rubbish away.
Rainbow Mountain reminds us that earth's wonders are both beautiful and easily harmed. Saving these places helps plants, animals, and people who live close by. Everyone can help! If we treat nature kindly, we are protecting the mountain. Helping local guides means villagers can protect their home better, and telling friends about Rainbow Mountain teaches others to care too. Even small steps today can keep this colourful wonder safe for tomorrow.
()1. What can we know about the Rainbow Mountain?
A. It has three bright colourful lines.
B. It is the highest mountain chain on earth.
C. It becomes about 1 centimetre lower each year.
D. It is part of the Andes and over 5,000 metres tall.
()2. What's the main idea of Paragraph 2?
A. The reasons for Rainbow Mountain's colours.
B. Which colours look bright in different weather.
C. The importance of protecting Rainbow Mountain.
D. How scientists study the rocks on Rainbow Mountain.
()3. What does the underlined word "perceptible" in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Natural. B. Disappearing. C. Noticeable. D. Dark.
()4. What's the theme of the passage?
A. Science. B. Nature. C. Travel. D. Culture.
()5. What's the writer's purpose of writing the passage?
A. To explain how weather harms mountains.
B. To describe the reasons for rocks' colours.
C. To encourage people to visit Rainbow Mountain.
D. To introduce a natural place and call for its protection.

1-5 DACBD

【分析】
解答本题需结合原文信息逐一分析每道题：1. 定位原文关于彩虹山的描述，排除错误选项；2. 分析第二段核心内容，确定段落主旨；3. 结合上下文语境猜测划线词含义；4. 归纳全文核心主题；5. 梳理作者写作目的，选出对应选项。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：定位原文第一段，A选项原文提到彩虹山有红、黄、绿、紫四种颜色，排除；B选项原文指出安第斯山脉是地球上最长的山脉，并非彩虹山，排除；C选项原文说明安第斯山脉每年长高约1厘米，排除；D选项符合原文“它是安第斯山脉的一部分，高5200米（超过5000米）”，故选D。
2. 段落主旨题：第二段首句明确指出彩虹山的彩色线条来自地下不同岩石，后续举例说明岩石成分对颜色的影响，核心是解释颜色的成因，故选A。
3. 词义猜测题：结合上下文，2015年前彩虹山被冰覆盖，冰融化后颜色变得可被察觉，perceptible意为“可察觉的”，对应选项C（Noticeable），故选C。
4. 主旨大意题：全文围绕秘鲁彩虹山这一自然奇观展开，核心主题是自然，故选B。
5. 作者意图题：文章先介绍彩虹山的相关信息，后提及游客过多对山体的危害，呼吁保护自然奇观，对应选项D，故选D。
【答案】
1-5 DACBD
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解题、主旨大意题
【点评】
本题为英语阅读理解题，涵盖细节查找、段落主旨、词义猜测、文章主题及作者意图等常见题型，考查学生对文章信息的定位、理解与归纳能力，内容贴近自然主题，兼具知识性与教育意义。
【难度系数】
0.6