三、阅读理解
Shang Yang was a politician of the Qin state. He was very wise and forward-thinking(有远见的). He worked out several reform plans for the state, including focusing on farming and giving rewards(奖赏) to soldiers who were successful during war.
But in the beginning, these reforms were not easily carried out. Only a few people in the state understood Shang's talent and the advantages of his plans. Most people had little trust or confidence in him.
To solve this problem, Shang came up with an idea. He ordered some soldiers to put a thin wooden pole at the south gate of the Qin state capital. This attracted many people. Then, in front of the crowd, he said loudly, "People of Qin, whoever takes this pole to the north gate will get a reward of 10 gold pieces."
It was a simple task and the reward was big. Some time passed and no one stepped forward. They all thought that Shang was joking. Hearing no answer, Shang stepped forward and said, "I will increase the reward to 50 gold pieces."
The words sounded even more unbelievable. Finally, a man from the crowd came forward to take the pole. He put the pole on his shoulder and walked to the north gate. True to his word, Shang paid the man 50 gold pieces.
Soon, the people were saying that Shang was a man of his word. When he began promoting(推行) his reforms, the people followed and did not question him.
Under the great reforms, Qin grew strong and united all the states, becoming the first empire of China. Later, people drew the Chinese idiom "立木取信" from this story.
() 1. Shang Yang's reforms ______.
A. were never trusted by people
B. made Qin grow strong
C. were carried out easily in the beginning
D. focused on farming and education
() 2. To let people trust him, Shang Yang ______.
A. ordered many young men to join the army
B. gave a reward to anyone who supported him
C. showed that he could keep his promises
D. introduced his reforms at the south gate of the capital
() 3. Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?
A. The Chinese idiom "立木取信" just came from this story.
B. Under the reforms, Qin united all the states.
C. The man who carried the pole to the north gate was paid only 10 gold pieces.
D. At first, only a few people in the state understood the advantages of Shang Yang's plans.
() 4. What's the main idea of this story?
A. Earning people's trust is never easy.
B. Keeping promises can earn people's trust.
C. Money can lead people to do anything in the world.
D. Reforms are important for a country to develop.

1. B
2. C
3. C
4. B

1. 思考题目1，我们需要找到与商鞅的变法相关的信息。
A选项说商鞅的变法从未被人们信任，但文中提到“the people followed and did not question him”，说明最终人们信任并跟随了他，所以A错误。
B选项说商鞅的变法使秦国变得强大，这与文中“Under the great reforms, Qin grew strong and united all the states”相符，所以B正确。
C选项说商鞅的变法一开始就很容易实施，但文中明确提到“these reforms were not easily carried out”，所以C错误。
D选项说商鞅的变法集中在农业和教育上，但文中提到的是农业和奖励战功，没有提到教育，所以D错误。
因此，答案是B。
2. 思考题目2，我们需要找到商鞅为了让人们信任他而采取的行动。
A选项说商鞅命令许多年轻人参军，这与让人们信任他无关，所以A错误。
B选项说商鞅给任何支持他的人奖励，文中并未提及，所以B错误。
C选项说商鞅展示了他能信守承诺，这与文中“True to his word, Shang paid the man 50 gold pieces”相符，所以C正确。
D选项说商鞅在都城的南门介绍他的变法，这与让人们信任他无关，所以D错误。
因此，答案是C。
3. 思考题目3，我们需要找到与文章内容不符的选项。
A选项说中文成语“立木取信”来源于这个故事，这与文中“Later, people drew the Chinese idiom '立木取信' from this story”相符，所以A正确。
B选项说在变法下，秦国统一了所有的国家，这与文中“Qin grew strong and united all the states”相符，所以B正确。
C选项说把杆子搬到北门的人只得到了10个金币，但文中明确提到“True to his word, Shang paid the man 50 gold pieces”，所以C错误。
D选项说一开始，只有少数人理解商鞅计划的优点，这与文中“Only a few people in the state understood Shang's talent and the advantages of his plans”相符，所以D正确。
因此，答案是C。
4. 思考题目4，我们需要找到这个故事的主要思想。
A选项说赢得人们的信任从来都不容易，虽然文中提到了这一点，但不是主要思想。
B选项说信守承诺可以赢得人们的信任，这与文中商鞅通过信守承诺赢得人们信任并成功推行变法的故事相符，是主要思想。
C选项说金钱可以引导人们做世界上的任何事情，这与文章主旨不符。
D选项说变法对于一个国家的发展很重要，虽然文中提到了变法使秦国强大，但不是主要思想。
因此，答案是B。