一、根据括号内所给汉语注释写出单词的
正确形式(每空一词)
1. She decided to abandon her （从前）life.
2. I wish I could have （翅膀）and fly away.
3. They use traditional methods to （使成形）the stone.
4. Plastic bags are very harmful to the （海洋）and sea animals.
5. This book is （认为）one of the best books for students.
6. Bamboo is a useful （材料）for making tables and chairs.
7. Good shoes are usually （耐用）.
8. We can （代替）plastic bottles with glass ones.

1. former
2. wings
3. shape
4. oceans
5. considered
6. material
7. long-lasting
8. replace

【分析】本题要求根据汉语注释填写单词的正确形式，需结合句子语境、语法规则（如词性、单复数、时态语态、固定搭配等）确定单词的正确形式。具体思路：1. 修饰名词life需用形容词；2. “翅膀”是可数名词，此处表泛指需用复数；3. 不定式符号to后接动词原形；4. “海洋”常用复数形式；5. 被动语态需用动词过去分词；6. 不定冠词a后接单数名词；7. 需填形容词作表语；8. 情态动词can后接动词原形，结合固定搭配确定单词。
【解析】1. “从前”修饰名词life，用形容词former；2. “翅膀”是可数名词，此处表泛指，用复数wings；3. 不定式符号to后接动词原形，shape作动词意为“使成形”；4. “海洋”对应oceans，常用复数形式；5. 此处为被动语态，结构为“be+过去分词”，consider的过去分词是considered；6. 前面有不定冠词a，故用单数名词material；7. 需填形容词作表语，long-lasting意为“耐用的”；8. 情态动词can后接动词原形，结合固定搭配“replace...with...”（用……代替……），用replace。
【答案】1. former 2. wings 3. shape 4. oceans 5. considered 6. material 7. long-lasting 8. replace
【知识点】英语单词拼写、词性运用、被动语态
【点评】本题考查基础英语词汇的运用，结合语境和语法规则填写单词，难度较低，侧重考查学生对核心词汇的掌握及基本语法的运用能力。
【难度系数】0.7

二、单句语法填空
1. (thousand) of tourists visit this village every year.
2. the rain, we still went for a walk.
3. Air pollution is an (environment) problem we must solve.
4. I like sports, such running and swimming.
5. Online shopping is usually (cheap) than shopping in stores.
6. Pandas (consider) one of the most lovely animals in the world.
7. Look! The man (tie) his dog to a tree to keep it safe.

1. Thousands
2. Despite
3. environmental
4. as
5. cheaper
6. are considered
7. is tying

【分析】
本题为单句语法填空题，需结合各小题的语法规则、固定搭配、词性转换、时态语态等知识逐一分析：
1. 考查数词的固定搭配：thousand与of连用时需用复数形式，构成固定短语thousands of，意为“成千上万的”，修饰可数名词复数tourists。
2. 考查介词的用法：根据前后句逻辑“尽管下雨，我们仍去散步”，需填表“尽管”的介词Despite，引导让步含义。
3. 考查词性转换：此处需形容词修饰名词problem，名词environment的形容词形式为environmental，意为“环境的”。
4. 考查固定搭配：such as是固定短语，用于列举事例，意为“例如”，符合句中举运动例子的语境。
5. 考查形容词比较级：句中出现比较级标志词than，形容词cheap的比较级为cheaper，用于两者间的比较。
6. 考查被动语态：主语pandas与动词consider是被动关系（熊猫被认为），且描述客观事实，故用一般现在时的被动语态。
7. 考查现在进行时：句首Look!是现在进行时的标志词，结构为“am/is/are + 现在分词”，主语the man为单数，故用对应的be动词加现在分词。
【解析】
1. 固定搭配thousands of，故填Thousands。
2. 前后句为让步逻辑，用介词Despite，故填Despite。
3. 修饰名词problem需用形容词，environment的形容词形式为environmental，故填environmental。
4. 固定搭配such as用于举例，故填as。
5. 由比较级标志词than可知，需用cheap的比较级cheaper，故填cheaper。
6. 主语pandas是复数，与consider为被动关系，一般现在时被动语态结构为are + 过去分词，故填are considered。
7. Look!提示现在进行时，主语the man为单数，故用is tying，填is tying。
【答案】
1. Thousands
2. Despite
3. environmental
4. as
5. cheaper
6. are considered
7. is tying
【知识点】
数词的固定搭配、词性转换、动词的时态与语态
【点评】
本题为基础单句语法填空题，涵盖数词、介词、词性转换、形容词比较级、被动语态、现在进行时等核心基础语法点，侧重考查学生对基础语法规则和固定搭配的掌握，是英语学习中的常见基础题型。
【难度系数】
0.7

三、将方框中所给词语的适当形式填入短文中，每词仅用一次
green, live, wisely, cheap,
material, by mistake
Nowadays, more people choose a
1. lifestyle to protect
the environment. They take cloth bags
instead of plastic bags when shopping.
Though some cloth bags are not
2. , they can be used
for a long time. Last week, I threw my
cloth bag away 3. . I
looked for it everywhere, and promised to
use reusable items 4.
later. I felt really regretful. From this
lesson, I decide 5. a
low-carbon life. I will avoid using plastic
products and make full use of each reusable
6. around me. It is
our duty to protect the earth and make it a
better place to live.

1. green
2. cheap
3. by mistake
4. wisely
5. to live
6. material

【分析】
本题为选词填空题型，解题思路如下：首先通读短文，把握整体语境；接着分析每个空缺处的句子结构，判断所需词性（如形容词、副词、动词不定式、名词等）；再结合方框内给出的词语（green、live、wisely、cheap、material、by mistake）的词义，匹配符合语境的词语，同时注意词语的适当形式（如动词不定式），且确保每个词语仅使用一次。
【解析】
1. 第一空需修饰名词lifestyle，结合“保护环境”的语境，形容词green（绿色的）符合，构成“green lifestyle（绿色生活方式）”，故填green。
2. 第二空需作表语，结合“虽然一些布袋不______，但能长期使用”的转折语境，形容词cheap（便宜的）符合，故填cheap。
3. 第三空需修饰动词短语threw away，结合语境“错误地扔掉布袋”，固定短语by mistake（错误地）符合，故填by mistake。
4. 第四空需修饰动词use，需用副词，wisely（明智地）符合语境，故填wisely。
5. 第五空为固定搭配decide to do sth（决定做某事），live a...life（过……生活），故填to live。
6. 第六空需被形容词reusable修饰，名词material（物品、材料）符合语境，指可重复使用的物品，故填material。
【答案】
1. green 2. cheap 3. by mistake 4. wisely 5. to live 6. material
【知识点】
形容词用法、副词用法、动词不定式、固定短语搭配
【点评】
本题考查选词填空，侧重语境理解、词性判断及固定搭配的运用，难度适中，学生只要理清短文逻辑、掌握词语基本用法即可正确作答。
【难度系数】
0.6

四、完形填空
When he was nine years old, American boy Milo Cress had a question: How many plastic straws（吸管）do Americans use every day?
The boy quickly learned there wasn’t a simple 1. So he tried to find it out 2. Through lots of research, Cress 3 that Americans use about 500 million straws every day. In the hope of reducing 4, he set up the “Be Straw Free” project in 2011.
Cress 5 the project in his hometown—Burlington, Vermont. He asked a local restaurant to stop offering straws with every drink order. It was a simple change; 6, it would save money. And by doing that, the restaurant would cut down on its straw use by 50%.
For the years that followed, Cress tried to 7 his project across the United States. More and more restaurants agreed to join. They stopped providing the 8 with a straw if he or she didn’t ask for one. In July 2018, Seattle became the first American city to 9 stop using plastic straws.
Plastic pollution has been a very 10 problem today. According to scientists, more than eight million tons of plastic 11 in the sea each year. It pollutes the water badly. Plastic straws are 12 terrible. They make it easy for people to get used to single-use plastics that are 13 to the environment.
After his project became well-known, Cress took his findings on the road. He has spoken to tens of thousands of students around the world. He hopes more people will 14 and say no to plastic straws.
“Paying attention to straws is one simple 15 we all could take,” Cress says. “And it makes me feel that I, as a kid, could make a difference, too.”
()1. A. result B. answer C. policy D. idea
()2. A. themselves B. herself C. itself D. himself
()3. A. added B. hated C. taught D. found
()4. A. plastic B. food C. paper D. cloth
()5. A. started B. offered C. finished D. continued
()6. A. still B. instead C. hardly D. however
()7. A. increase B. influence C. spread D. grow
()8. A. customer B. passenger C. visitor D. driver
()9. A. properly B. suddenly C. quickly D. completely
()10. A. interesting B. serious C. funny D. powerful
()11. A. end up B. put up C. turn up D. send up
()12. A. especially B. simply C. mainly D. certainly
()13. A. useful B. healthy C. harmful D. hopeless
()14. A. take care B. take up C. take down D. take action
()15. A. interest B. cost C. step D. value

1. B
2. D
3. D
4. A
5. A
6. D
7. C
8. A
9. D
10. B
11. A
12. A
13. C
14. D
15. C

【分析】
做完形填空需先通读全文把握主旨（本文讲述美国男孩Milo Cress发起“无吸管”项目减少塑料污染的故事），再结合每个空格的上下文语境、词义辨析、逻辑关系及固定搭配逐一分析，排除错误选项，选出最恰当答案。
【解析】
1. 前文提及“a question”，此处表示没有简单的答案，故选B（answer）；A结果、C政策、D想法均不符合语境。
2. 主语是“he”，反身代词需对应主语，故选D（himself）；A他们自己、B她自己、C它自己均不匹配。
3. 通过大量研究得出结果，“found”表示发现，故选D；A添加、B讨厌、C教均不符合。
4. 项目目的是减少塑料污染，故选A（plastic）；B食物、C纸、D布均与主题无关。
5. 表示在他的家乡启动项目，“started”意为启动，故选A；B提供、C完成、D继续不符合。
6. 前文说“简单的改变”，后文说“省钱”，是转折关系，故选D（however）；A仍然、B代替、C几乎不不符合逻辑。
7. 他试图在美国传播项目，“spread”意为传播，故选C；A增加、B影响、D成长不符合。
8. 餐厅不给顾客提供吸管，“customer”指顾客，故选A；B乘客、C游客、D司机不符合。
9. 西雅图成为第一个完全停止使用塑料吸管的城市，“completely”意为完全地，故选D；A适当地、B突然、C快速不符合。
10. 塑料污染是严重的问题，“serious”意为严重的，故选B；A有趣的、C滑稽的、D强大的不符合。
11. 塑料最终进入海里，“end up”意为最终进入，故选A；B张贴、C出现、D发射不符合。
12. 塑料吸管尤其糟糕，“especially”意为尤其，故选A；B仅仅、C主要、D当然不符合。
13. 一次性塑料对环境有害，“harmful”意为有害的，故选C；A有用的、B健康的、D无望的不符合。
14. 希望更多人采取行动，“take action”意为采取行动，故选D；A照顾、B开始从事、C记下不符合。
15. 采取简单的步骤，“step”意为步骤，故选C；A兴趣、B成本、D价值不符合。
【答案】
1.B 2.D 3.D 4.A 5.A 6.D 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.B 11.A 12.A 13.C 14.D 15.C
【知识点】
词义辨析、语境理解、固定搭配
【点评】
本文为环保主题的记叙文，贴近生活，考查学生对词汇词义、上下文逻辑及语境的理解能力，是初中阶段常见的完形填空题型，注重基础词汇的运用。
【难度系数】
0.6