二、阅读理解
KEY→P15
范畴:人与社会 主题:人际沟通 体裁:说明文 难度:★★★ 建议用时:5分钟 评价:/5
Every culture has set rules about how people should act. Patterns of good behavior, or manners, show respect and care for others. Yet the details of how to express respect are different.
Greeting people cheerfully is almost always considered polite. But it's more important in some cultures than others. For example, when you enter a store in France, you should always greet the person working there. Other cultures also value greeting people. But of course the greetings vary as people speak different languages.
When I was growing up in the United States, I once participated in a performance at my church. Afterward, someone gave me a compliment, but I felt like I had done a bad job. So I tried to refuse the compliment, saying, "No, I didn't do that well." My mother saw this and told me that was very rude. Later I learned that refusing a compliment is accepted and even approved of in China.
Some of the biggest cultural differences have to do with table manners. In North America, it's polite to eat as quietly as possible. That means chewing with your mouth closed and not slurping(啜食) your soup. The same goes for burping(打嗝). But in parts of Asia, slurping shows that you are enjoying your meal. And burping is a sign of being full and content.
There are also differences in how people eat across cultures. For example, in North America and Europe people use forks to bring food to their mouths. But in Thailand, a fork is only used to push food onto a spoon. In India and the Middle East, people eat with their hands. But eating with the left hand is frowned upon. This is because the left hand is considered unclean.
Yet there are also similar points across cultures. Saying "please" and "thank you", for example, is almost always polite. If you show appreciation and try to follow local customs, people will generally respond well. Showing kindness can bring people together, no matter what culture they come from.
——文章选自《空中英语》
()1. In which country do shoppers usually greet the person working in a store?
A. In China.
B. In America.
C. In France.
D. In India.
()2. In which countries do people have completely different attitudes towards praise?
A. China and Thailand.
B. China and America.
C. France and America.
D. Thailand and India.
()3. Which paragraph mainly talks about eating habits?
A. Paragraph 2.
B. Paragraph 3.
C. Paragraph 6.
D. Paragraph 5.
()4. Which of the following is the same point across cultures?
A. Accepting thanks.
B. Giving away gifts.
C. Saying "thanks".
D. Kissing each other.
()5. 新考法·篇章结构 What is the structure of the passage?
A. ①/②③④⑤/⑥
B. ①/②/③④/⑤/⑥
C. ①/②③/④/⑤/⑥
D. ①/②/③④/⑤⑥

阅读理解
每种文化都有关于人们应如何行事的规则。在饮食、对待赞美、用餐方式等方面,不同国家有不同的文化习俗。但不同国家也有共性习惯,如表示感谢与请求。
1. C 细节理解题。由第二段中"For example, when you enter a store in France, you should always greet the person working there."可知,在法国,进入商店要向工作人员打招呼。
2. B 推理判断题。第三段提及在美国谢绝他人赞扬不礼貌,而在中国谢绝赞扬是被认可的。
3. D 段落大意题。由第五段段首句"There are also differences in how people eat across cultures."以及后文对不同地区用餐方式的介绍可知,本段主要谈论饮食习惯。
4. C 细节理解题。由第六段中"Yet there are also similar points across cultures. Saying 'please' and 'thank you', for example, is almost always polite."可知,在所有文化中,道谢是共性习惯。
5. A 篇章结构题。第①段总起全文,提出不同文化表达尊重的具体方式存在差异;第②至⑤段分别从问候方式、对待赞美、餐桌礼仪、用餐方式等方面,举例说明礼仪文化的具体差异;第⑥段总结全文,指出不同文化间也有共通的礼貌原则,故本文结构为①/②③④⑤/⑥。