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六、信息还原。(2025·江苏盐城东台第五教育联盟期中改编)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Most of us have learned the virtue(美德)of honesty from some stories. The story of Pinocchio teaches the importance of telling the truth. Every time Pinocchio lies，his nose will grow longer. These types of stories show children that “honesty is the best”. 1 The fact is that people lie for many reasons.
One reason people lie is to hide a mistake. While it is true that everyone does something wrong from time to time，some people do not have the courage to admit their mistakes because they are afraid that they will be blamed(责备). For example，students might lie to their teachers about the unfinished homework. They might say that they left the homework at home. 2 These students do not want to get in trouble，so they make up an excuse.
3 Parents，particularly those with young children，may teach their children to use this type of “protective” lie in certain circumstances(状况). 4 Many parents teach their children to explain that their mother and father are too busy to come to the phone at that time. In this situation，a protective lie can mean greater safety.
5 Lying to keep the peace or to stay safe can have positive results. However，lying to stay out of trouble can lead to more trouble in the end. Understanding the motives behind the impulse(冲动)to lie might minimize this habit of lying.
A. In fact，they did not do the homework at all.
B. But why do so many people lie?
C. People lie for many reasons，both good and bad.
D. What should children do if a stranger calls while their parents are out?
E. Another reason for lying has to do with self - protection.
F. The protective lies are useful and necessary for children.
G. Some students even lie to their friends to avoid small arguments.
1.
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Most of us have learned the virtue(美德)of honesty from some stories. The story of Pinocchio teaches the importance of telling the truth. Every time Pinocchio lies，his nose will grow longer. These types of stories show children that “honesty is the best”. 1 The fact is that people lie for many reasons.
One reason people lie is to hide a mistake. While it is true that everyone does something wrong from time to time，some people do not have the courage to admit their mistakes because they are afraid that they will be blamed(责备). For example，students might lie to their teachers about the unfinished homework. They might say that they left the homework at home. 2 These students do not want to get in trouble，so they make up an excuse.
3 Parents，particularly those with young children，may teach their children to use this type of “protective” lie in certain circumstances(状况). 4 Many parents teach their children to explain that their mother and father are too busy to come to the phone at that time. In this situation，a protective lie can mean greater safety.
5 Lying to keep the peace or to stay safe can have positive results. However，lying to stay out of trouble can lead to more trouble in the end. Understanding the motives behind the impulse(冲动)to lie might minimize this habit of lying.
A. In fact，they did not do the homework at all.
B. But why do so many people lie?
C. People lie for many reasons，both good and bad.
D. What should children do if a stranger calls while their parents are out?
E. Another reason for lying has to do with self - protection.
F. The protective lies are useful and necessary for children.
G. Some students even lie to their friends to avoid small arguments.
1.
B
2. A
3. E
4. D
5. C
答案
六、1. B 2. A 3. E 4. D 5. C
解析
【分析】
这是一篇七选五信息还原类阅读题，解题时首先要通读全文，梳理文章整体逻辑：本文围绕“人们说谎的不同原因”展开，整体遵循“用诚实相关的故事引入话题→提出问题引出说谎的各类原因→分别介绍掩盖错误、自我保护两类说谎原因→总结不同性质谎言的不同影响”的行文脉络。解题时逐空结合前后文的衔接关系判断：第1空需要承上启下，从“倡导诚实”的内容过渡到“探讨说谎的原因”；第2空要衔接“学生谎称作业落在家”的例子，点明谎言的真相；第3空要承接上文第一个说谎原因，引出本段的“自我保护”类说谎原因；第4空要引出后文家长教导孩子应对陌生来电的具体做法；第5空作为段首总起句，引出后文对好坏两类说谎动机的利弊说明，匹配对应选项即可。
【解析】
1. 空1：前文介绍了《木偶奇遇记》等教导孩子诚实的故事，后文直接点明“事实上人们说谎有很多原因”，此处需要转折句引出对说谎原因的提问，B选项“But why do so many people lie?”完美承上启下，符合语境。
2. 空2：前文举例说明没完成作业的学生向老师谎称作业落在家里，后文点明学生是编造借口不想惹麻烦，A选项“In fact, they did not do the homework at all.”直接点明学生撒谎的真相，前后逻辑连贯。
3. 空3：前文已经介绍了第一个说谎的原因——掩盖自身错误，本段开始介绍第二种说谎的动因，E选项“Another reason for lying has to do with self-protection.”作为本段主题句，承接上文的第一个原因，自然引出下文关于保护性谎言的内容。
4. 空4：后文给出了家长教导孩子应对陌生来电的具体做法，还说明这类保护性谎言能提升安全性，D选项“What should children do if a stranger calls while their parents are out?”提出对应问题，后文内容刚好是对该问题的解答，匹配度极高。
5. 空5：后文分别阐述了用于维持和平、保障安全的善意谎言的积极作用，以及为了逃避责罚的谎言的负面后果，C选项“People lie for many reasons, both good and bad.”总述说谎的原因有好有坏，引出后文的分类说明，作为段首总起句十分合适。
【答案】
1. B 2. A 3. E 4. D 5. C
【知识点】
语篇逻辑衔接；阅读理解信息匹配；上下文语境推断
【点评】
本题话题贴近学生生活，行文逻辑线索清晰，按照“提出问题-分点论证-总结升华”的结构排布，解题核心是抓住前后句的指代、例证、承上启下的关联，区分主题句、例证句、总起句的不同功能，既考查学生的阅读逻辑能力，也能引导学生理性看待不同说谎动机，树立正确的诚信观念。
【难度系数】
0.6
这是一篇七选五信息还原类阅读题，解题时首先要通读全文，梳理文章整体逻辑：本文围绕“人们说谎的不同原因”展开，整体遵循“用诚实相关的故事引入话题→提出问题引出说谎的各类原因→分别介绍掩盖错误、自我保护两类说谎原因→总结不同性质谎言的不同影响”的行文脉络。解题时逐空结合前后文的衔接关系判断：第1空需要承上启下，从“倡导诚实”的内容过渡到“探讨说谎的原因”；第2空要衔接“学生谎称作业落在家”的例子，点明谎言的真相；第3空要承接上文第一个说谎原因，引出本段的“自我保护”类说谎原因；第4空要引出后文家长教导孩子应对陌生来电的具体做法；第5空作为段首总起句，引出后文对好坏两类说谎动机的利弊说明，匹配对应选项即可。
【解析】
1. 空1：前文介绍了《木偶奇遇记》等教导孩子诚实的故事，后文直接点明“事实上人们说谎有很多原因”，此处需要转折句引出对说谎原因的提问，B选项“But why do so many people lie?”完美承上启下，符合语境。
2. 空2：前文举例说明没完成作业的学生向老师谎称作业落在家里，后文点明学生是编造借口不想惹麻烦，A选项“In fact, they did not do the homework at all.”直接点明学生撒谎的真相，前后逻辑连贯。
3. 空3：前文已经介绍了第一个说谎的原因——掩盖自身错误，本段开始介绍第二种说谎的动因，E选项“Another reason for lying has to do with self-protection.”作为本段主题句，承接上文的第一个原因，自然引出下文关于保护性谎言的内容。
4. 空4：后文给出了家长教导孩子应对陌生来电的具体做法，还说明这类保护性谎言能提升安全性，D选项“What should children do if a stranger calls while their parents are out?”提出对应问题，后文内容刚好是对该问题的解答，匹配度极高。
5. 空5：后文分别阐述了用于维持和平、保障安全的善意谎言的积极作用，以及为了逃避责罚的谎言的负面后果，C选项“People lie for many reasons, both good and bad.”总述说谎的原因有好有坏，引出后文的分类说明，作为段首总起句十分合适。
【答案】
1. B 2. A 3. E 4. D 5. C
【知识点】
语篇逻辑衔接；阅读理解信息匹配；上下文语境推断
【点评】
本题话题贴近学生生活，行文逻辑线索清晰，按照“提出问题-分点论证-总结升华”的结构排布，解题核心是抓住前后句的指代、例证、承上启下的关联，区分主题句、例证句、总起句的不同功能，既考查学生的阅读逻辑能力，也能引导学生理性看待不同说谎动机，树立正确的诚信观念。
【难度系数】
0.6
