B
体裁: 说明文 主题: 中华文化 难度: ★★★★★ 建议用时: 9 min 正确率: /4
新素养·文化意识 ①When you look at a traditional Chinese building, the roof is often the first thing that catches your eye. It is not just for keeping rain out, but also shows history, culture, and social position. Different roof styles developed in different dynasties, each with special features and uses.
②The Wudian roof first appeared in the Shang and Zhou dynasties and later became the most honoured roof style. It has four sloping(倾斜的）sides and five ridges(脊), which stands for the highest power. This grand style was only used for the most important buildings, such as the main halls of the Forbidden City.
③As roof designs grew more beautiful in the Han Dynasty, the Xuanshan roof prevailed. It became the most common style at that time. It has two sloping sides, and its roof edges(边) go beyond the walls. It was also during this time that roof corners began to turn up, making the heavy structure look lighter and more pleasing.
④A golden age of Chinese architecture, the Tang Dynasty, saw the rise of the Xieshan roof. It has nine ridges and joins two shapes—the top part looks like a two-sided roof, while the bottom part has four sides. This style was used for important buildings like palaces' side halls and main temples.
⑤By the Ming Dynasty, the Yingshan roof was widely used by ordinary families across the country because it was simple and practical. It also has two sloping sides, but its side walls rise higher than the roof, covering it at both ends and making the building safer from fire.
⑥Besides these, there is the Zanjian roof, which is different from the others. It has no flat ridge. Instead, all sides meet at a point at the top. This style is often seen in gardens and famous buildings like the Temple of Heaven.
⑦Today, these ancient roofs still stand across China. They remind us that building is never just about use. A roof can show power, belief, and beauty all at once. Each roof carries the mark of its time and tells a small piece of China's long story.
1. Which sentence uses “prevail” with the same meaning as the underlined word in Paragraph 3?
A. In the end, peace prevailed over war in that country.
B. Short skirts prevailed among young girls last summer.
C. A dead silence prevailed in the classroom after the teacher left.
D. Our school team prevailed against the visiting team by 3 points.
2. What can we infer about the Xieshan roof and the Yingshan roof?
A. The Yingshan roof's high walls were for beauty.
B. Both were mainly used for the emperors' palaces.
C. The Yingshan roof appeared earlier in Chinese history.
D. The Xieshan roof was more complex and higher in rank.
3. 新趋势·图示理解 Which of the following pictures shows the Zanjian roof?
＞＞ 图示理解题解题策略见 P58 重点精讲

4. 新趋势·篇章结构 Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
＞＞ 篇章结构题解题策略见 P119 重点精讲
A. ①/②③④⑤/⑥⑦ B. ①/②③④⑤⑥/⑦ C. ①②/③④⑤/⑥⑦ D. ①②③/④⑤⑥/⑦

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国不同朝代古建筑屋顶的样式、特点和用途。
1. B 词义猜测题。根据下文“It became the most common style at that time.”可知悬山顶在当时成为最常见的风格，此处“prevailed”表示“流行”；A项表示“战胜”，B项表示“流行”，C项表示“存在”，D项表示“战胜”。故选B。
2. D 推理判断题。根据第四段“It has nine ridges and joins two shapes ... This style was used for important buildings like palaces' side halls and main temples.”和第五段中的“the Yingshan roof was widely used by ordinary families across the country because it was simple and practical”可知歇山顶有九条脊并结合两种形状，而硬山顶简单实用，由此可知歇山顶结构更复杂；歇山顶用于重要建筑，而硬山顶用于普通家庭，由此可知歇山顶适用于地位更高的场合。故选D。
3. A 图示理解题。根据第六段“It has no flat ridge. Instead, all sides meet at a point at the top.”可知攒尖顶无平脊，所有面在顶部交汇于一点。故选A。
4. B 篇章结构题。结合文章内容可知，①为总起；②至⑥分别介绍五种屋顶庑殿、悬山、歇山、硬山和攒尖，为并列的分述部分；⑦为总结。故选B。