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五、阅读理解
(2024 扬州广陵一模)Do you know the
coldest countries in the world? Here are some of
them. Have a quick look at them and see what you
will discover.
Greenland
Don't be tricked by the name because there is
hardly anything green in Greenland. It is one of
the coldest countries in the world. This country has
extremely long days or nights depending on the
season. During the summer, there can be as much
as 22 hours of sunlight and during the winter, as
little as 3 hours.
Iceland
Iceland's name shows its weather conditions.
In the summer, Iceland is green and fresh, but
during the winter, it is covered in snow. Iceland is
also one of the best places to see the northern
lights. Temperatures can easily fall to -10 ℃ or
lower, making Iceland one of the coldest countries
in the world. The temperatures of the northern
areas of Iceland are below zero all year round but
the moist(潮湿的) air is the advantage for the
growth of plants.
Kazakhstan
There are many areas in this country that are
permanently(永久地) covered in ice. During
winters, the temperature drops to below zero and
the locals have some interesting survival skills like
ice fishing. In the north, the temperature can
reach -50 ℃ in winter and 40 ℃ in summer,
while in the south, it can go from -35 ℃ in winter
to 45 ℃ in summer.
Russia
Most of the areas in Russia are very cold all
the year. Summer temperatures can also be below
zero. The northernmost area of Siberia is
permanently covered in snow. Russian winters
have saved the country from being invaded(侵略)
many times by stopping enemy armies who looked
down upon the coldness of Russia.
1. What can be learned about Greenland?
A. It's covered with green plants.
B. The days can be long in summer.
C. It's the coldest among the four.
D. The nights can be short in winter.
2. Which makes plants able to grow in Iceland?
A. The moist air.
B. Enough sunlight.
C. Low temperatures.
D. The northern lights.
3. Which country was protected by the cold
weather in history?
A. Greenland. B. Iceland.
C. Russia. D. Kazakhstan.
(2024 扬州广陵一模)Do you know the
coldest countries in the world? Here are some of
them. Have a quick look at them and see what you
will discover.
Greenland
Don't be tricked by the name because there is
hardly anything green in Greenland. It is one of
the coldest countries in the world. This country has
extremely long days or nights depending on the
season. During the summer, there can be as much
as 22 hours of sunlight and during the winter, as
little as 3 hours.
Iceland
Iceland's name shows its weather conditions.
In the summer, Iceland is green and fresh, but
during the winter, it is covered in snow. Iceland is
also one of the best places to see the northern
lights. Temperatures can easily fall to -10 ℃ or
lower, making Iceland one of the coldest countries
in the world. The temperatures of the northern
areas of Iceland are below zero all year round but
the moist(潮湿的) air is the advantage for the
growth of plants.
Kazakhstan
There are many areas in this country that are
permanently(永久地) covered in ice. During
winters, the temperature drops to below zero and
the locals have some interesting survival skills like
ice fishing. In the north, the temperature can
reach -50 ℃ in winter and 40 ℃ in summer,
while in the south, it can go from -35 ℃ in winter
to 45 ℃ in summer.
Russia
Most of the areas in Russia are very cold all
the year. Summer temperatures can also be below
zero. The northernmost area of Siberia is
permanently covered in snow. Russian winters
have saved the country from being invaded(侵略)
many times by stopping enemy armies who looked
down upon the coldness of Russia.
1. What can be learned about Greenland?
A. It's covered with green plants.
B. The days can be long in summer.
C. It's the coldest among the four.
D. The nights can be short in winter.
2. Which makes plants able to grow in Iceland?
A. The moist air.
B. Enough sunlight.
C. Low temperatures.
D. The northern lights.
3. Which country was protected by the cold
weather in history?
A. Greenland. B. Iceland.
C. Russia. D. Kazakhstan.
答案
【语篇导读】本文介绍了世界上最冷的四
个国家。
1. B 提示:推理判断题。根据第二段中
"During the summer, there can be as much as
22 hours of sunlight and during the winter, as
little as 3 hours."可知,在夏季,格陵兰岛的日
照时间可达22小时,所以白天的时间很长。
2. A 提示:细节理解题。根据第三段中"...
but the moist air is the advantage for the growth
of plants."可知,在冰岛,潮湿的空气有利于
植物生长。
3. C 提示:细节理解题。根据最后一段中
"Russian winters have saved the country from
being invaded many times by stopping enemy
armies who looked down upon the coldness of
Russia."可知,俄罗斯的冬天曾多次阻止敌
军入侵,即寒冷的天气曾经保护过俄罗斯。
个国家。
1. B 提示:推理判断题。根据第二段中
"During the summer, there can be as much as
22 hours of sunlight and during the winter, as
little as 3 hours."可知,在夏季,格陵兰岛的日
照时间可达22小时,所以白天的时间很长。
2. A 提示:细节理解题。根据第三段中"...
but the moist air is the advantage for the growth
of plants."可知,在冰岛,潮湿的空气有利于
植物生长。
3. C 提示:细节理解题。根据最后一段中
"Russian winters have saved the country from
being invaded many times by stopping enemy
armies who looked down upon the coldness of
Russia."可知,俄罗斯的冬天曾多次阻止敌
军入侵,即寒冷的天气曾经保护过俄罗斯。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇介绍世界上四个寒冷国家的说明文，题目以细节理解和推理判断为主。解题思路如下：
1. 先通读全文，整体了解每个国家的气候、特点等核心信息；
2. 针对每一道题目，回到原文对应的段落定位关键语句；
3. 将选项与原文信息逐一比对，排除不符合原文的错误选项，选出正确答案。比如第1题定位Greenland的段落，第2题定位Iceland植物生长相关内容，第3题定位寒冷天气保护国家的描述。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据Greenland部分的描述"During the summer, there can be as much as 22 hours of sunlight and during the winter, as little as 3 hours."可知，夏季格陵兰岛日照时长可达22小时，白天时间很长，对应选项B。A选项与原文"hardly anything green"不符；C选项文章未提及格陵兰是四个国家中最冷的；D选项与原文冬季仅3小时日照（夜晚漫长）不符，所以选B。
2. 第2题：根据Iceland部分最后一句"...but the moist air is the advantage for the growth of plants."可知，潮湿的空气是冰岛植物能够生长的有利条件，对应选项A。
3. 第3题：根据Russia部分的描述"Russian winters have saved the country from being invaded many times by stopping enemy armies who looked down upon the coldness of Russia."可知，俄罗斯的寒冷天气曾多次阻止敌军入侵，保护了国家，对应选项C。
【答案】
1. B
2. A
3. C
【知识点】
细节理解题、推理判断题、说明文阅读
【点评】
本文围绕四个寒冷国家的特点展开介绍，题目聚焦文章细节信息的提取与简单推理，考查学生精准定位原文、比对信息的能力。解题时需紧扣原文内容，避免主观臆断，有助于提升学生的信息筛选和阅读理解能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇介绍世界上四个寒冷国家的说明文，题目以细节理解和推理判断为主。解题思路如下：
1. 先通读全文，整体了解每个国家的气候、特点等核心信息；
2. 针对每一道题目，回到原文对应的段落定位关键语句；
3. 将选项与原文信息逐一比对，排除不符合原文的错误选项，选出正确答案。比如第1题定位Greenland的段落，第2题定位Iceland植物生长相关内容，第3题定位寒冷天气保护国家的描述。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据Greenland部分的描述"During the summer, there can be as much as 22 hours of sunlight and during the winter, as little as 3 hours."可知，夏季格陵兰岛日照时长可达22小时，白天时间很长，对应选项B。A选项与原文"hardly anything green"不符；C选项文章未提及格陵兰是四个国家中最冷的；D选项与原文冬季仅3小时日照（夜晚漫长）不符，所以选B。
2. 第2题：根据Iceland部分最后一句"...but the moist air is the advantage for the growth of plants."可知，潮湿的空气是冰岛植物能够生长的有利条件，对应选项A。
3. 第3题：根据Russia部分的描述"Russian winters have saved the country from being invaded many times by stopping enemy armies who looked down upon the coldness of Russia."可知，俄罗斯的寒冷天气曾多次阻止敌军入侵，保护了国家，对应选项C。
【答案】
1. B
2. A
3. C
【知识点】
细节理解题、推理判断题、说明文阅读
【点评】
本文围绕四个寒冷国家的特点展开介绍，题目聚焦文章细节信息的提取与简单推理，考查学生精准定位原文、比对信息的能力。解题时需紧扣原文内容，避免主观臆断，有助于提升学生的信息筛选和阅读理解能力。
【难度系数】
0.7
