一、根据括号内所给汉语注释写出单词的正确形式(每空一词)
1. Farmers grow (小麦)to make bread and pasta.
2. The air is fresh and clean in the (乡下).
3. The temperature dropped (在……的下面)freezing last night.
4. The (精力充沛)children ran and jumped around the playground happily.
5. These animals can survive in the hot (沙漠)for a long time.
6. Tomorrow the (西面)will have rain.
7. This area gets very little (雨量)during the summer.
8. There is a (短缺)of fresh vegetables in the market.

一、1. wheat 2. countryside 3. below 4. energetic
5. desert 6. west 7. rainfall 8. shortage

【分析】本题为根据汉语提示填写英语单词的基础题，解题思路是：结合句子语境，明确括号内汉语对应的英语词汇，同时注意单词的词性、拼写及固定搭配，确保每空一词。
【解析】1. 括号内“小麦”对应的英语不可数名词为wheat，作grow的宾语；2. “乡下”对应的英语是countryside，in the countryside是固定短语；3. 表示温度“在……的下面”用介词below；4. 修饰名词children需用形容词，“精力充沛”对应的形容词是energetic；5. “沙漠”对应的英语名词为desert；6. “西面”对应的英语名词是west；7. “雨量”对应的不可数名词为rainfall；8. “短缺”对应的名词是shortage，a shortage of是固定搭配。
【答案】1. wheat 2. countryside 3. below 4. energetic 5. desert 6. west 7. rainfall 8. shortage
【知识点】根据汉语提示写单词、名词用法、形容词用法
【点评】本题考查英语基础核心词汇的拼写与基本用法，属于英语入门级基础题，侧重词汇的识记与简单运用。
【难度系数】0.8

二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1. The little bird sang so (sweet)that children stopped to listen.
2. The (villager)worked together to build a new bridge.
3. I love Rome, (especial)in the spring.
4. My grandfather is full of (wise)and always gives good advice.
5. We are excited about the (arrive)of our cousins tomorrow.
6. The firefighters rescued the cat (safe)from the tree.
7. We should protect (nature)resources like water and forests.
8. It will (probable)rain this afternoon, so bring an umbrella.
9. She finished the race (amazing)fast!
10. The number of factories in my hometown (increase)greatly in the past few years.

二、1. sweetly 2. villagers 3. especially 4. wisdom
5. arrival 6. safely 7. natural 8. probably
9. amazingly 10. has increased

【分析】
要完成用所给单词适当形式填空，需先分析每个句子的结构，判断空缺处的词性或语法功能：1. 修饰动词需用副词；2. 谓语为复数时主语需用名词复数；3. 修饰整个句子用副词；4. 介词后接名词；5. 定冠词后接名词；6. 修饰动词需用副词；7. 修饰名词需用形容词；8. 修饰动词需用副词；9. 修饰形容词需用副词；10. 结合时间标志判断时态，再根据主谓一致确定形式。
【解析】
1. 动词sang需副词修饰，形容词sweet变副词sweetly；
2. 谓语worked为复数，主语villager需变复数villagers；
3. 此处需副词修饰整个句子，形容词especial变副词especially；
4. 介词of后接名词，形容词wise变名词wisdom；
5. 定冠词the后接名词，动词arrive变名词arrival；
6. 动词rescued需副词修饰，形容词safe变副词safely；
7. 修饰名词resources需形容词，名词nature变形容词natural；
8. 动词rain需副词修饰，形容词probable变副词probably；
9. 修饰形容词fast需副词，形容词amazing变副词amazingly；
10. 时间标志in the past few years对应现在完成时，主语the number of（……的数量）为单数，故用has increased。
【答案】
1. sweetly 2. villagers 3. especially 4. wisdom 5. arrival 6. safely 7. natural 8. probably 9. amazingly 10. has increased
【知识点】
英语词性转换、副词用法、现在完成时
【点评】
本题考查英语基础词性转换规则及时态运用，涵盖形容词变副词、动词变名词等常见变形，同时涉及现在完成时的时态判断，题型侧重核心语法和词汇基础，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.6

三、阅读理解
"The Grand Canal is the bloodline(血脉)that flows through the hearts of Chinese people," said Shan Jixiang, former director of the Palace Museum.
With a history of more than 2,500 years, the Grand Canal is made up by the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, the Sui and Tang Grand Canal and the Zhedong Canal. It is nearly 3,200 kilometres long and is the world's longest man-made waterway.
Connecting the north and south of China, the Grand Canal helps develop trade and shapes culture. As some parts of the canal have dried up and been disused(废弃)because of historical evolution(演变)and changes of the weather, however, some people seem to forget its cultural value.
People threw waste into the waterway and built different kinds of buildings beside the canal. All of these are harmful to the canal.
Luckily, action has been taken to revitalise the Grand Canal. For example, in 2021, Yangzhou set up the Grand Canal Museum, which shows many things about the canal and reproduces the natural sights along the Grand Canal in the form of pictures and videos. This allows people to learn its beauty. In Hengshui City in Hebei, a new policy was carried out—a river chief system(河长制). Some river chiefs at town and village levels have been asked to help clean and rebuild the river lines.
The Grand Canal is taking a change for the better. The Chinese culture can add glory(光彩)to it today and in the days to come.
()1. What do we know about the Grand Canal?
A. It helps develop the trade at home and abroad.
B. It is the world's longest man-made waterway.
C. It has shaped the culture of southwestern China.
D. Its cultural value is greater than its value in society development.
()2. What does the underlined word "revitalise" in the fifth paragraph mean?
A. Bring sth back to life. B. Make sth less or smaller in size.
C. Talk about sth. D. Make a mess of thing.
()3. According to the passage, what action was taken in Hebei to protect the Grand Canal?
A. A river chief system was set up.
B. More houses were built along it.
C. More river lines were added to it.
D. The Grand Canal Museum was rebuilt.
()4. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The necessity of protecting the Grand Canal.
B. The influence of the Grand Canal on trade.
C. How the Grand Canal has changed over time.
D. What the Grand Canal is and ways to bring it back to life.

三、1.B 2.A 3.A 4.D

【分析】
做英语阅读理解题时，需先明确题干考查方向（细节定位、词义猜测、主旨大意等），再带着问题回到原文定位相关信息，对比选项与原文内容，排除错误选项得出答案。本题4道题分别考查细节理解、词义猜测、细节理解、主旨大意，需对应原文段落逐一分析。
【解析】
1. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段最后一句“It is nearly 3,200 kilometres long and is the world's longest man-made waterway.”可知B选项正确；A选项原文仅提到“helps develop trade”，未提及国内外贸易；C选项原文是“Connecting the north and south of China”，并非西南；D选项原文未比较文化价值与社会发展价值，排除A、C、D，选B。
2. 词义猜测题：第五段提到运河曾被废弃、遭破坏，后文列举扬州建博物馆、河北推行河长制等措施，都是为了让运河恢复生机，故“revitalise”意为“使某物恢复生机”，对应A选项；B（缩小）、C（谈论）、D（搞乱）均不符合语境，选A。
3. 细节理解题：根据第五段“In Hengshui City in Hebei, a new policy was carried out—a river chief system”可知，河北采取的措施是推行河长制，对应A选项；B（建房屋）是破坏行为，C（增加河道）无依据，D（建博物馆）是扬州的措施，排除B、C、D，选A。
4. 主旨大意题：全文先介绍大运河的历史、组成、作用（即“大运河是什么”），再讲述其面临的问题及保护措施（即“让它恢复生机的方法”），对应D选项；A仅强调保护必要性，B仅涉及贸易影响，C仅提及随时间的变化，均片面，排除A、B、C，选D。
【答案】
1.B 2.A 3.A 4.D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题
【点评】
本题围绕中国大运河展开，属于文化类阅读材料，考查了英语阅读中常见的细节定位、词义猜测、主旨归纳能力，题目设置贴合初中英语考查要求，需学生准确抓取原文信息并结合语境分析。
【难度系数】
0.7