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体裁：说明文
主题：科普知识
难度：★★★★★
Scientists have recognized that emotions play an important role in how we learn. Emotions connected to knowledge and understanding are especially important in learning environments. For example，feeling curious can result in a deeper connection with new material，while boredom can slow down learning. Awe(敬畏) is one such emotion，the feeling of coming across something beyond understanding.
Earlier research exploring awe often took place in controlled labs. However，a team of researchers looked into awe in a more natural environment. The researchers asked 131 visitors who planned to watch one of the planetarium's(天文馆) films to the center. Before entering，they answered questions about their knowledge of the film's topic，their first interest in it and background information about themselves. The center was showing three films：one about Earth's climate system，one about the Northern Lights，and one about stars and planets.
After watching their chosen film，the watchers completed some surveys. They scored their interest in the topic again and completed surveys to check the emotions they experienced and see if they thought critically(批判性). Finally，they completed a task to test how well they remembered the film.
The study proved that planetarium films created awe in watchers. They described experiencing awe，stronger or weaker，depending on the film. The film about the Northern Lights drew out a stronger sense of awe. The researchers noted that the film presented information that was more difficult to understand. It might have contributed to the stronger feeling of awe. They also found that watchers who thought critically described feeling more connected to their environment during the awe experience. As for the memory task，the researchers found that experiencing higher levels of awe was connected to lower rightness in noticing mistakes，false(错误的) statements，and inferences(推断). Watchers who had more earlier knowledge were better at finding mistakes and false statements but were more likely to falsely recognize inferences as being from the film.
Perhaps the most important finding was that experiencing awe during the films greatly increased watchers' interest in the topics. This finding supports the idea that awe can start curiosity and drive people to become more interested in science-related subjects.
1. Why does the writer use the example in Paragraph 1?
A. To tell why emotions are connected to understanding.
B. To introduce how emotions are used to explore knowledge.
C. To show how different emotions influence learning activities.
D. To argue why positive emotions improve learning environments.
2. What do the words “contributed to” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?
A. Dealt with.
B. Broken through.
C. Taken away.
D. Resulted in.
3. What can we learn from the research mentioned in the passage?
A. The research of awe should be carried out in controlled environments.
B. Critical thinking weakened watchers' sense of connection to the environment.
C. Earlier knowledge was likely to cause wrong judgments(判断) about inferences.
D. The visitors needed to be separated into three groups according to their knowledge.
4. What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage?
A. To show people's choices of films about experiencing awe.
B. To report the influence of awe on learning and interest in science.
C. To argue the solutions to growing interest in science through awe.
D. To introduce the importance of doing research on awe scientifically.
体裁：说明文
主题：科普知识
难度：★★★★★
Scientists have recognized that emotions play an important role in how we learn. Emotions connected to knowledge and understanding are especially important in learning environments. For example，feeling curious can result in a deeper connection with new material，while boredom can slow down learning. Awe(敬畏) is one such emotion，the feeling of coming across something beyond understanding.
Earlier research exploring awe often took place in controlled labs. However，a team of researchers looked into awe in a more natural environment. The researchers asked 131 visitors who planned to watch one of the planetarium's(天文馆) films to the center. Before entering，they answered questions about their knowledge of the film's topic，their first interest in it and background information about themselves. The center was showing three films：one about Earth's climate system，one about the Northern Lights，and one about stars and planets.
After watching their chosen film，the watchers completed some surveys. They scored their interest in the topic again and completed surveys to check the emotions they experienced and see if they thought critically(批判性). Finally，they completed a task to test how well they remembered the film.
The study proved that planetarium films created awe in watchers. They described experiencing awe，stronger or weaker，depending on the film. The film about the Northern Lights drew out a stronger sense of awe. The researchers noted that the film presented information that was more difficult to understand. It might have contributed to the stronger feeling of awe. They also found that watchers who thought critically described feeling more connected to their environment during the awe experience. As for the memory task，the researchers found that experiencing higher levels of awe was connected to lower rightness in noticing mistakes，false(错误的) statements，and inferences(推断). Watchers who had more earlier knowledge were better at finding mistakes and false statements but were more likely to falsely recognize inferences as being from the film.
Perhaps the most important finding was that experiencing awe during the films greatly increased watchers' interest in the topics. This finding supports the idea that awe can start curiosity and drive people to become more interested in science-related subjects.
1. Why does the writer use the example in Paragraph 1?
A. To tell why emotions are connected to understanding.
B. To introduce how emotions are used to explore knowledge.
C. To show how different emotions influence learning activities.
D. To argue why positive emotions improve learning environments.
2. What do the words “contributed to” in Paragraph 4 most probably mean?
A. Dealt with.
B. Broken through.
C. Taken away.
D. Resulted in.
3. What can we learn from the research mentioned in the passage?
A. The research of awe should be carried out in controlled environments.
B. Critical thinking weakened watchers' sense of connection to the environment.
C. Earlier knowledge was likely to cause wrong judgments(判断) about inferences.
D. The visitors needed to be separated into three groups according to their knowledge.
4. What is the writer's main purpose in writing this passage?
A. To show people's choices of films about experiencing awe.
B. To report the influence of awe on learning and interest in science.
C. To argue the solutions to growing interest in science through awe.
D. To introduce the importance of doing research on awe scientifically.
答案
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家关于敬畏这种情感如何影响学习和科学兴趣的研究。
1. C 推理判断题。根据第一段“Emotions connected to knowledge and understanding are especially important in learning environments.”可知作者通过举例说明不同情绪（好奇和无聊）对学习的影响。故选C。 》写作意图题
2. D 词义猜测题。根据上文“The film about the Northern Lights drew out a stronger sense of awe. The researchers noted that the film presented information that was more difficult to understand.”可知关于北极光的电影呈现的信息更难理解，可能导致更强烈的敬畏感，contributed to表示“导致”，与resulted in意思相近。故选D。
3. C 推理判断题。根据第四段“Watchers who had more earlier knowledge were better at finding mistakes and false statements but were more likely to falsely recognize inferences as being from the film.”可知有更多先前知识的观众更擅长发现错误，但更有可能错误地认为推断来自电影，由此可知先前的知识可能导致对推断的错误判断。故选C。 》细节推理题
4. B 推理判断题。结合文章内容可知，本文先介绍情感在学习中的重要性，然后介绍关于敬畏情感的研究，包括研究的过程和结果，如敬畏能增加观众对相关话题的兴趣，由此可知作者写这篇文章的主要目的是报告敬畏对学习和科学兴趣的影响。故选B。 》写作意图题
1. C 推理判断题。根据第一段“Emotions connected to knowledge and understanding are especially important in learning environments.”可知作者通过举例说明不同情绪（好奇和无聊）对学习的影响。故选C。 》写作意图题
2. D 词义猜测题。根据上文“The film about the Northern Lights drew out a stronger sense of awe. The researchers noted that the film presented information that was more difficult to understand.”可知关于北极光的电影呈现的信息更难理解，可能导致更强烈的敬畏感，contributed to表示“导致”，与resulted in意思相近。故选D。
3. C 推理判断题。根据第四段“Watchers who had more earlier knowledge were better at finding mistakes and false statements but were more likely to falsely recognize inferences as being from the film.”可知有更多先前知识的观众更擅长发现错误，但更有可能错误地认为推断来自电影，由此可知先前的知识可能导致对推断的错误判断。故选C。 》细节推理题
4. B 推理判断题。结合文章内容可知，本文先介绍情感在学习中的重要性，然后介绍关于敬畏情感的研究，包括研究的过程和结果，如敬畏能增加观众对相关话题的兴趣，由此可知作者写这篇文章的主要目的是报告敬畏对学习和科学兴趣的影响。故选B。 》写作意图题
解析
【分析】
首先通读全文，明确文章是围绕“敬畏情绪对学习及科学兴趣的影响”展开的科普说明文。解题时需先判断题目类型：第1题是写作意图题，需定位第一段例子的上下文，理解举例目的；第2题是词义猜测题，要结合划线词所在句的前后逻辑关系推导词义；第3题是推理判断题，需找到原文对应研究结果的句子，比对选项与原文表述；第4题是主旨大意题，需梳理各段核心，明确作者写作目的。
【解析】
1. 第1题（写作意图题）：定位第一段，首句指出情绪在学习中起重要作用，举例说明好奇和无聊两种不同情绪对学习的影响，目的是展示不同情绪如何影响学习活动，故选C。
2. 第2题（词义猜测题）：定位第四段划线词所在句，前文提到北极光的电影引发更强敬畏感，原因是该电影呈现的信息更难理解，由此可推知“contributed to”表示“导致”，与“resulted in”意思相近，故选D。
3. 第3题（推理判断题）：定位第四段最后一句，原文指出“有更多先前知识的观众更擅长发现错误，但更有可能错误地认为推断来自电影”，即先前的知识可能导致对推断的错误判断，故选C。
4. 第4题（主旨大意题）：文章先介绍情绪对学习的重要性，接着围绕敬畏情绪的研究展开，包括研究过程及结果（敬畏能增加观众对科学话题的兴趣），核心是报告敬畏对学习和科学兴趣的影响，故选B。
【答案】
1.C 2.D 3.C 4.B
【知识点】
阅读理解（词义猜测）、阅读理解（推理判断）、阅读理解（主旨大意）
【点评】
本文为科普类说明文，围绕“敬畏情绪对学习及科学兴趣的影响”展开，题目类型全面，涵盖写作意图、词义猜测、推理判断、主旨大意，解题关键在于准确定位原文信息，结合上下文逻辑及题型特点分析选项，需学生具备一定的语篇理解和细节比对能力。
【难度系数】
0.5
首先通读全文，明确文章是围绕“敬畏情绪对学习及科学兴趣的影响”展开的科普说明文。解题时需先判断题目类型：第1题是写作意图题，需定位第一段例子的上下文，理解举例目的；第2题是词义猜测题，要结合划线词所在句的前后逻辑关系推导词义；第3题是推理判断题，需找到原文对应研究结果的句子，比对选项与原文表述；第4题是主旨大意题，需梳理各段核心，明确作者写作目的。
【解析】
1. 第1题（写作意图题）：定位第一段，首句指出情绪在学习中起重要作用，举例说明好奇和无聊两种不同情绪对学习的影响，目的是展示不同情绪如何影响学习活动，故选C。
2. 第2题（词义猜测题）：定位第四段划线词所在句，前文提到北极光的电影引发更强敬畏感，原因是该电影呈现的信息更难理解，由此可推知“contributed to”表示“导致”，与“resulted in”意思相近，故选D。
3. 第3题（推理判断题）：定位第四段最后一句，原文指出“有更多先前知识的观众更擅长发现错误，但更有可能错误地认为推断来自电影”，即先前的知识可能导致对推断的错误判断，故选C。
4. 第4题（主旨大意题）：文章先介绍情绪对学习的重要性，接着围绕敬畏情绪的研究展开，包括研究过程及结果（敬畏能增加观众对科学话题的兴趣），核心是报告敬畏对学习和科学兴趣的影响，故选B。
【答案】
1.C 2.D 3.C 4.B
【知识点】
阅读理解（词义猜测）、阅读理解（推理判断）、阅读理解（主旨大意）
【点评】
本文为科普类说明文，围绕“敬畏情绪对学习及科学兴趣的影响”展开，题目类型全面，涵盖写作意图、词义猜测、推理判断、主旨大意，解题关键在于准确定位原文信息，结合上下文逻辑及题型特点分析选项，需学生具备一定的语篇理解和细节比对能力。
【难度系数】
0.5
