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五、跨学科 物理 阅读理解。
主题群:科学与技术 子主题:科学原理 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★★
Slides are simple but always fun. All you need to do is climb up to the top and slide down. But do you know that there is science behind the simple playground equipment(设备)?
Isaac Newton said what goes up must come down. He was talking about gravity(重力). Slides work because of gravity. But that is not all.
① You climb up the slide and sit down.
You are ready to go. Are you sliding down? No, not yet. Things stay still(静止的) unless something makes them move. It is Newton's first law of motion. So you have to give yourself a push to start the journey down.
② Now you are sliding down.
Do you feel you are slowing down a bit? When two things rub(摩擦) against each other, they cause friction(摩擦力). Without friction, you will slide down faster and faster to the bottom.
③ At the bottom of the slide, you come to a full stop.
Your feet touch the ground and add extra friction. Newton's first law of motion also says moving things keep moving unless something makes them stop. So, if you do not use your feet, you'll fly off the slide.
1.（创新考法·行文方式）How does the writer start the text?
A. By giving a fact. B. By giving an example. C. By telling a story. D. By asking a question.
2.（创新考法·图片理解）Which picture explains why you slow down a bit when sliding down?
3. What is the best title for the text?
A. Fun with a slide B. Science behind a slide
C. Newton's first law of motion D. Secrets of gravity
主题群:科学与技术 子主题:科学原理 语篇类型:说明文 难度:★★★
Slides are simple but always fun. All you need to do is climb up to the top and slide down. But do you know that there is science behind the simple playground equipment(设备)?
Isaac Newton said what goes up must come down. He was talking about gravity(重力). Slides work because of gravity. But that is not all.
① You climb up the slide and sit down.
You are ready to go. Are you sliding down? No, not yet. Things stay still(静止的) unless something makes them move. It is Newton's first law of motion. So you have to give yourself a push to start the journey down.
② Now you are sliding down.
Do you feel you are slowing down a bit? When two things rub(摩擦) against each other, they cause friction(摩擦力). Without friction, you will slide down faster and faster to the bottom.
③ At the bottom of the slide, you come to a full stop.
Your feet touch the ground and add extra friction. Newton's first law of motion also says moving things keep moving unless something makes them stop. So, if you do not use your feet, you'll fly off the slide.
1.（创新考法·行文方式）How does the writer start the text?
A. By giving a fact. B. By giving an example. C. By telling a story. D. By asking a question.
2.（创新考法·图片理解）Which picture explains why you slow down a bit when sliding down?
3. What is the best title for the text?
A. Fun with a slide B. Science behind a slide
C. Newton's first law of motion D. Secrets of gravity
答案
1. D 行文方式题。根据文章第一段中“But do you know that there is science behind the simple playground equipment?”可知，用问问题的方式开启文章。
方法归纳
阅读理解之行文方式题
行文方式题考查文章中采用的写作手法或引入方式，如提问、举例、陈述事实、讲述故事等。解题方法如下：
1. 定位关键段落：重点关注文章开头（通常是第一段或前几句话）。
2. 分析表达形式：若以直接疑问句开头，常为“提问式”；若以普遍现象或客观信息开头，常为“陈述事实”；若以具体案例或场景描写开头，可能为“举例”或“讲故事”。
3. 匹配选项作用：判断该方式是否起到引发思考、点明主题或铺垫下文的作用。
4. 排除与验证：排除与开篇形式明显不符的选项，确保所选方式与全文逻辑一致。
2. B 图片理解题。根据“When two things rub against each other, they cause friction.”可知，下滑时减速是因为摩擦力，选项B符合题意。
3. B 标题概括题。文章围绕滑梯背后的科学如牛顿第一定律、摩擦力、重力等展开，故B项最适合作为文章标题。
方法归纳
阅读理解之行文方式题
行文方式题考查文章中采用的写作手法或引入方式，如提问、举例、陈述事实、讲述故事等。解题方法如下：
1. 定位关键段落：重点关注文章开头（通常是第一段或前几句话）。
2. 分析表达形式：若以直接疑问句开头，常为“提问式”；若以普遍现象或客观信息开头，常为“陈述事实”；若以具体案例或场景描写开头，可能为“举例”或“讲故事”。
3. 匹配选项作用：判断该方式是否起到引发思考、点明主题或铺垫下文的作用。
4. 排除与验证：排除与开篇形式明显不符的选项，确保所选方式与全文逻辑一致。
2. B 图片理解题。根据“When two things rub against each other, they cause friction.”可知，下滑时减速是因为摩擦力，选项B符合题意。
3. B 标题概括题。文章围绕滑梯背后的科学如牛顿第一定律、摩擦力、重力等展开，故B项最适合作为文章标题。
解析
【分析】
1. 第1题（行文方式题）：先定位文章开头段落，找到开篇关键语句，判断作者写作手法，再匹配选项；
2. 第2题（图片理解题）：定位文中关于下滑减速原因的描述，结合物理摩擦力知识，对应符合的图片选项；
3. 第3题（标题概括题）：梳理全文核心内容，明确文章围绕滑梯背后的科学原理展开，选择贴合主旨的标题。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据文章第一段最后一句“But do you know that there is science behind the simple playground equipment?”可知，作者以提问方式开启文章，对应选项D；
2. 第2题：文中提到“当两个物体摩擦时会产生摩擦力，没有摩擦力下滑会更快”，下滑减速是因为摩擦力，对应体现摩擦作用的图片选项B；
3. 第3题：文章围绕滑梯背后的重力、牛顿第一定律、摩擦力等科学原理展开，核心是滑梯背后的科学，对应选项B。
【答案】1.D 2.B 3.B
【知识点】英语阅读理解解题、物理力学原理、标题归纳
【点评】本题为跨学科英语阅读理解题，结合物理力学知识考查不同阅读题型的解题能力，需精准定位文本信息并结合学科知识分析，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6
1. 第1题（行文方式题）：先定位文章开头段落，找到开篇关键语句，判断作者写作手法，再匹配选项；
2. 第2题（图片理解题）：定位文中关于下滑减速原因的描述，结合物理摩擦力知识，对应符合的图片选项；
3. 第3题（标题概括题）：梳理全文核心内容，明确文章围绕滑梯背后的科学原理展开，选择贴合主旨的标题。
【解析】
1. 第1题：根据文章第一段最后一句“But do you know that there is science behind the simple playground equipment?”可知，作者以提问方式开启文章，对应选项D；
2. 第2题：文中提到“当两个物体摩擦时会产生摩擦力，没有摩擦力下滑会更快”，下滑减速是因为摩擦力，对应体现摩擦作用的图片选项B；
3. 第3题：文章围绕滑梯背后的重力、牛顿第一定律、摩擦力等科学原理展开，核心是滑梯背后的科学，对应选项B。
【答案】1.D 2.B 3.B
【知识点】英语阅读理解解题、物理力学原理、标题归纳
【点评】本题为跨学科英语阅读理解题，结合物理力学知识考查不同阅读题型的解题能力，需精准定位文本信息并结合学科知识分析，难度适中。
【难度系数】0.6
