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Ⅳ. (2026·常州实验初中期中) 阅读理解
You may disagree with your friends or
family members in some cases. While disagreements can be uncomfortable, there are some steps you can take to make conversations more polite and meaningful.
Listen to their side
Even if you don't share someone's point of view, you can still listen to what they want to say. Show that you're paying attention by listening carefully without stopping them. Keep eye contact, nod and move your body towards the person you are listening to. Another way to show that you're listening is by asking questions or repeating what they have said. You can start by saying, "OK. If I understand you, you are saying..."
Try respectful language
When someone has an opinion you don't agree with, it can be easy to dismiss(摒弃) it. Some people refute(驳斥) others' opinions by attacking or making fun of them. Here are some ways for you to express opinions with respect. Don't use rude words like "stupid". Stay calm and start with "I" instead of "You". For example, you might say "I feel" or "I see this in another way". Also make sure you will not use "We" language, even if you know others in your group agree with you.
An opinion with feelings is weak. If you have a strong opinion, you can make a better case for it with facts. Facts are not based on personal feelings or guesses, but they are true statements. Say what you would like to say in a calm voice and make sure your facts are from sources(来源) that can be trusted. If you are stopped, gently remind the person that you gave them a turn to speak and now you would like to speak. Then give the person a chance to reply.
Find common(共同的) ground
You may find that you can't change others' minds, and they may not change yours. Still, look for points you agree on. You may also gain a better understanding of each other's opinion. In the end, it's worth the effort because healthy communication builds strong relationships with others.
1. 新考法 推断段落大意 What does the writer mainly explain in Paragraph 2?
A. Why do you need to listen to others' side?
B. How can you show that you are listening?
C. What can you say to express your understanding?
D. When do you ask questions or repeat others' words?
2. 新考法 推断文章写作手法 What way does the writer use to connect the ideas in Paragraph 3?
A. Showing sequence.
B. Giving examples.
C. Presenting numbers.
D. Describing cause and effect.
3. 新考法 标题归纳 Which of the following is the most suitable for ""?
A. Use facts instead
B. Say in a calm voice
C. Share better feelings
D. Give others a chance
4. Which sentence is TRUE according to the passage?
A. If you can't change others' minds, you can change yours.
B. If you're stopped, you need to give others a turn to speak.
C. To better understand others, looking for common views is necessary.
D. To have healthy communication, building strong relationships is important.
You may disagree with your friends or
family members in some cases. While disagreements can be uncomfortable, there are some steps you can take to make conversations more polite and meaningful.
Listen to their side
Even if you don't share someone's point of view, you can still listen to what they want to say. Show that you're paying attention by listening carefully without stopping them. Keep eye contact, nod and move your body towards the person you are listening to. Another way to show that you're listening is by asking questions or repeating what they have said. You can start by saying, "OK. If I understand you, you are saying..."
Try respectful language
When someone has an opinion you don't agree with, it can be easy to dismiss(摒弃) it. Some people refute(驳斥) others' opinions by attacking or making fun of them. Here are some ways for you to express opinions with respect. Don't use rude words like "stupid". Stay calm and start with "I" instead of "You". For example, you might say "I feel" or "I see this in another way". Also make sure you will not use "We" language, even if you know others in your group agree with you.
A
An opinion with feelings is weak. If you have a strong opinion, you can make a better case for it with facts. Facts are not based on personal feelings or guesses, but they are true statements. Say what you would like to say in a calm voice and make sure your facts are from sources(来源) that can be trusted. If you are stopped, gently remind the person that you gave them a turn to speak and now you would like to speak. Then give the person a chance to reply.
Find common(共同的) ground
You may find that you can't change others' minds, and they may not change yours. Still, look for points you agree on. You may also gain a better understanding of each other's opinion. In the end, it's worth the effort because healthy communication builds strong relationships with others.
1. 新考法 推断段落大意 What does the writer mainly explain in Paragraph 2?
A. Why do you need to listen to others' side?
B. How can you show that you are listening?
C. What can you say to express your understanding?
D. When do you ask questions or repeat others' words?
2. 新考法 推断文章写作手法 What way does the writer use to connect the ideas in Paragraph 3?
A. Showing sequence.
B. Giving examples.
C. Presenting numbers.
D. Describing cause and effect.
3. 新考法 标题归纳 Which of the following is the most suitable for ""?
A. Use facts instead
B. Say in a calm voice
C. Share better feelings
D. Give others a chance
4. Which sentence is TRUE according to the passage?
A. If you can't change others' minds, you can change yours.
B. If you're stopped, you need to give others a turn to speak.
C. To better understand others, looking for common views is necessary.
D. To have healthy communication, building strong relationships is important.
答案
Ⅳ. ［文章大意］本文主要介绍了在与朋友或家人意见不合时，如何使对话更加礼貌和有意义。
1. B ［解析］段落大意题。根据“Show that you're paying attention by listening carefully without stopping them.”可知，第二段主要讲述的是如何通过肢体语言（如眼神交流、点头）、提问或复述对方的话来表明自己在倾听。故选 B。
2. B ［解析］推理判断题。根据“Don't use rude words like ‘stupid’. Stay calm and start with ‘I’ instead of ‘You’. For example, you might say ‘I feel’ or ‘I see this in another way’. Also make sure you will not use ‘We’ language, even if you know others in your group agree with you.”可知，第三段通过列举具体方法（如避免粗鲁词汇、用“I”代替“You”、不用“We”语言）来说明如何尊重表达观点，属于“举例”。故选 B。
3. A ［解析］标题归纳题。根据“If you have a strong opinion, you can make a better case for it with facts. Facts are not based on personal feelings or guesses, but they are true statements.”可知，本段强调“用事实而非情感支持观点”，选项 A“使用事实代替”与之对应。故选 A。
4. C ［解析］细节理解题。根据“Still, look for points you agree on. You may also gain a better understanding of each other's opinion.”可知，你要寻找你同意的观点，这样你们也可以更好地理解彼此的观点。选项 C“为了更好地理解他人，寻找共同的观点是必要的。”与之符合。故选 C。
1. B ［解析］段落大意题。根据“Show that you're paying attention by listening carefully without stopping them.”可知，第二段主要讲述的是如何通过肢体语言（如眼神交流、点头）、提问或复述对方的话来表明自己在倾听。故选 B。
2. B ［解析］推理判断题。根据“Don't use rude words like ‘stupid’. Stay calm and start with ‘I’ instead of ‘You’. For example, you might say ‘I feel’ or ‘I see this in another way’. Also make sure you will not use ‘We’ language, even if you know others in your group agree with you.”可知，第三段通过列举具体方法（如避免粗鲁词汇、用“I”代替“You”、不用“We”语言）来说明如何尊重表达观点，属于“举例”。故选 B。
3. A ［解析］标题归纳题。根据“If you have a strong opinion, you can make a better case for it with facts. Facts are not based on personal feelings or guesses, but they are true statements.”可知，本段强调“用事实而非情感支持观点”，选项 A“使用事实代替”与之对应。故选 A。
4. C ［解析］细节理解题。根据“Still, look for points you agree on. You may also gain a better understanding of each other's opinion.”可知，你要寻找你同意的观点，这样你们也可以更好地理解彼此的观点。选项 C“为了更好地理解他人，寻找共同的观点是必要的。”与之符合。故选 C。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇介绍和亲友出现意见分歧时，如何开展礼貌且有意义沟通的说明文，4道题目分别对应段落大意推断、写作手法判断、小标题归纳、细节正误判断四类典型阅读理解题型。解题时首先要带着题干关键词回原文定位对应区域：第1题直接锁定第二段，梳理段落所有内容都是围绕“如何向对方展示你正在认真倾听”展开，排除无关选项即可得到答案；第2题定位第三段，观察段落里的论证方式，发现作者多次列举具体的语言使用示例来讲解尊重表达的方法，对应匹配写作手法；第3题需要概括空缺段落的核心主旨，该段反复强调用事实而非个人情绪支撑观点，匹配对应小标题；第4题将每个选项逐一和原文内容比对，排除和原文表述不符的干扰项，选出正确表述即可。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位原文第二段，段落先后列举了不打断对方、眼神交流、点头、向对方身体前倾、提问或复述对方表述等多种向对方展示自己在认真倾听的方法，核心是讲解“如何表明你正在倾听”，对应选项B。A选项“为什么要倾听”第二段未提及，C选项仅覆盖复述话语的部分细节，D选项“什么时候提问”不是段落核心，均排除。
2. 第2题：定位原文第三段，作者为了说明如何用尊重的语言表达观点，先后列举了不要用粗鲁词汇、用“I”开头表述、不要用“我们”这类表述等具体示例，还给出了“I feel”这类具体例句，使用的是“举例子”的写作手法，对应选项B。A顺序展示、C列数字、D因果描述均未在该段出现，排除。
3. 第3题：空缺处是该段的小标题，阅读该段可知核心观点是：带有个人情绪的观点说服力弱，要用可信来源的事实来支撑自己的观点，不要基于个人感受和猜测，核心指向“用事实代替情绪表达观点”，对应选项A“Use facts instead”。B仅提到小声说话的零散细节，C和段落内容相悖，D是前文已经提到的轮流发言的细节，均不符合段落主旨，排除。
4. 第4题：逐一核对选项：A选项“如果不能改变别人的想法就改变自己的”和原文“你可能无法改变别人的想法，他们也没法改变你的”表述不符；B选项“如果被打断，你需要轮到别人发言”和原文“如果被打断，温和提醒对方之前给过你发言机会，现在你想发言”表述不符；C选项“为了更好理解他人，寻找共同观点是必要的”和原文“寻找你们达成一致的点，你们也能更好理解彼此的观点”表述完全吻合；D选项“为了健康沟通，建立牢固关系很重要”逻辑颠倒，原文是健康沟通能建立牢固关系，表述错误。因此正确选项为C。
【答案】
1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C
【知识点】
阅读理解信息提取，说明文推理判断，阅读理解标题归纳
【点评】
本题融入了段落大意推断、写作手法辨析等新考法考点，不再局限于简单的细节查找，既考查学生对文本内容的理解能力，也引导学生关注语篇的行文逻辑和写作手法，能够有效锻炼学生的综合语篇解读能力，适合巩固说明文阅读的相关解题技巧。
【难度系数】
0.6
这是一篇介绍和亲友出现意见分歧时，如何开展礼貌且有意义沟通的说明文，4道题目分别对应段落大意推断、写作手法判断、小标题归纳、细节正误判断四类典型阅读理解题型。解题时首先要带着题干关键词回原文定位对应区域：第1题直接锁定第二段，梳理段落所有内容都是围绕“如何向对方展示你正在认真倾听”展开，排除无关选项即可得到答案；第2题定位第三段，观察段落里的论证方式，发现作者多次列举具体的语言使用示例来讲解尊重表达的方法，对应匹配写作手法；第3题需要概括空缺段落的核心主旨，该段反复强调用事实而非个人情绪支撑观点，匹配对应小标题；第4题将每个选项逐一和原文内容比对，排除和原文表述不符的干扰项，选出正确表述即可。
【解析】
1. 第1题：定位原文第二段，段落先后列举了不打断对方、眼神交流、点头、向对方身体前倾、提问或复述对方表述等多种向对方展示自己在认真倾听的方法，核心是讲解“如何表明你正在倾听”，对应选项B。A选项“为什么要倾听”第二段未提及，C选项仅覆盖复述话语的部分细节，D选项“什么时候提问”不是段落核心，均排除。
2. 第2题：定位原文第三段，作者为了说明如何用尊重的语言表达观点，先后列举了不要用粗鲁词汇、用“I”开头表述、不要用“我们”这类表述等具体示例，还给出了“I feel”这类具体例句，使用的是“举例子”的写作手法，对应选项B。A顺序展示、C列数字、D因果描述均未在该段出现，排除。
3. 第3题：空缺处是该段的小标题，阅读该段可知核心观点是：带有个人情绪的观点说服力弱，要用可信来源的事实来支撑自己的观点，不要基于个人感受和猜测，核心指向“用事实代替情绪表达观点”，对应选项A“Use facts instead”。B仅提到小声说话的零散细节，C和段落内容相悖，D是前文已经提到的轮流发言的细节，均不符合段落主旨，排除。
4. 第4题：逐一核对选项：A选项“如果不能改变别人的想法就改变自己的”和原文“你可能无法改变别人的想法，他们也没法改变你的”表述不符；B选项“如果被打断，你需要轮到别人发言”和原文“如果被打断，温和提醒对方之前给过你发言机会，现在你想发言”表述不符；C选项“为了更好理解他人，寻找共同观点是必要的”和原文“寻找你们达成一致的点，你们也能更好理解彼此的观点”表述完全吻合；D选项“为了健康沟通，建立牢固关系很重要”逻辑颠倒，原文是健康沟通能建立牢固关系，表述错误。因此正确选项为C。
【答案】
1. B 2. B 3. A 4. C
【知识点】
阅读理解信息提取，说明文推理判断，阅读理解标题归纳
【点评】
本题融入了段落大意推断、写作手法辨析等新考法考点，不再局限于简单的细节查找，既考查学生对文本内容的理解能力，也引导学生关注语篇的行文逻辑和写作手法，能够有效锻炼学生的综合语篇解读能力，适合巩固说明文阅读的相关解题技巧。
【难度系数】
0.6
