四、(2026·上海市浦东新区期末改编)方框选词。
know，amazing，therefore，curious，including
Northern Lights，also called the Aurora Borealis，are one of the most natural shows on earth. They happen in the polar areas， Norway，Finland and Iceland. People from all over the world go to these countries to see this wonderful view.
What leads to these dancing lights in the polar sky? This question has made people puzzled and for centuries. ，driven by this lasting curiosity，some scientists have studied these lights and figured out the truth. When tidy particles（微小粒子）from the sun come into the earth's atmosphere，they bump
into gas molecules. These bumps make beautiful coloured lights in the sky，like green，pink，purple and blue. This helps us more about the earth's magnetic field（地球磁场）and how the sun and the atmosphere work together，which can affect satellite communication，power grids（电网），and even everyday lives.

1. amazing 2. including 3. curious 4. Therefore 5. know

【分析】
首先通读全文理解语境，结合每个空缺处的词性要求、语义逻辑及固定搭配，逐一匹配方框内词汇：
1. 第一空修饰名词短语natural shows，需形容词，结合“地球上最……的自然景观”选amazing；
2. 第二空后列举具体国家，需介词表“包括”，选including；
3. 第三空与形容词puzzled并列，需形容词，结合“问题让人们困惑又……”选curious；
4. 第四空承接“好奇”与“科学家研究”的因果关系，需副词且句首大写，选Therefore；
5. 第五空根据固定搭配help sb do sth，需动词原形，选know。
【解析】
1. 第一空：需形容词修饰名词短语natural shows，amazing意为“令人惊奇的”，符合“最令人惊奇的自然景观”的语义，故填amazing；
2. 第二空：需介词引出列举的国家，including意为“包括”，用于列举内容前，故填including；
3. 第三空：需形容词与puzzled并列，curious意为“好奇的”，符合“问题让人们困惑又好奇”的语境，故填curious；
4. 第四空：需副词表因果关系，Therefore意为“因此”，且句首首字母大写，符合逻辑，故填Therefore；
5. 第五空：根据固定搭配help sb do sth，需动词原形，know意为“了解”，符合“帮助我们更多了解……”的语义，故填know。
【答案】
1. amazing 2. including 3. curious 4. Therefore 5. know
【知识点】
形容词的用法、介词的用法、副词的用法
【点评】
本题为方框选词题，考查词汇在具体语境中的运用，需结合上下文语义、词性要求及固定搭配判断，难度适中，适合基础阶段学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.6

五、综合填空。
新素材 社会百科 Antarctica is the most （south）area of land on earth and is mostly （cover）with ice. People have never wanted to live there because of （it）lowest temperature. But now （science）from all over the world come to study the ice to learn more about the earth's history.
Some scientists live in Antarctica for part of the year. they don't usually stay there for more than six months because there are six months of light and six months of （dark）.
Antarctica usually has a good deal of fine weather any wind at all. The strong winds are usually only in some parts of it. It is also （interest）to learn that it isn't so wet there. There is very little snow or rain. It snows on the ice in winter, but at other times Antarctica is dry, just like the Sahara Desert.
In winter the sea around Antarctica freezes（结冰）for （thousand）of kilometres. But scientists tell us that the earth is getting warmer. So in the future, there may be less ice in the Antarctic sea. When that （happen）, our weather will never be the same again.

1. southern 2. covered 3. its 4. scientists 5. But 6. darkness/dark 7. without 8. interesting 9. thousands 10. happens

【分析】本题为英语综合填空题，需结合句子结构、词性要求、语境及固定搭配确定单词的正确形式。解题思路：先通读全文把握主旨，再逐个分析空格处的语法成分（如修饰名词需用形容词/物主代词、被动语态需用过去分词等），结合所给词的适当形式或语境逻辑（如转折关系、对应关系）推导答案，最后检查是否符合语法和语义。
【解析】1. 空格修饰名词area，需用形容词，south的形容词为southern，故填southern；2. 固定搭配be covered with表示“被……覆盖”，此处用cover的过去分词covered；3. 空格修饰名词temperature，需用形容词性物主代词，it的形容词性物主代词为its；4. 此处指“科学家”，scientist是可数名词，结合语境用复数scientists；5. 前句说部分科学家在南极居住，后句说不超过六个月，为转折关系，用连词But；6. 对应前文的light（光），此处表示“黑暗”，用dark的名词形式darkness（或名词dark）；7. 句意表示“没有风”，用介词without；8. 修饰“了解到的这件事”，需用形容词，interest的形容词为interesting；9. 固定搭配thousands of表示“成千上万的”，故填thousands；10. 主语that为单数，一般现在时中动词用第三人称单数形式，故填happens。
【答案】1. southern 2. covered 3. its 4. scientists 5. But 6. darkness/dark 7. without 8. interesting 9. thousands 10. happens
【知识点】英语词形变化、固定搭配、介词连词用法
【点评】本题考查英语基础知识的综合运用，涵盖词性转换、固定搭配、语境逻辑等考点，难度适中，需学生具备扎实的词汇和语法基础。
【难度系数】0.5