Ⅱ.Cloze test: Background information.
Reading comprehension can be affected by background knowledge. Readers may not know the answers literally or directly, but they can find information from the material before or after it.
Read each sentence below. Then circle the correct answer.
1. Hawking took the scholarship examinations with the of studying natural sciences at Oxford. He achieved his purpose at last.
A. aim
B. pride
C. habit
D. experience
2. — The plan was so shallow and impractical that no one made to realise it.
— It’s true. It is not worth trying.
A. excuse
B. attempt
C. promise
D. decision
3. Once upon a time, there was an ox (公牛). From sunrise to sunset, the farmer would make the ox work. Because of the weather, it was not easy for him to work in the fields all day long.
A. warm
B. cool
C. pleasant
D. hot
4. — Your brother and you went to school this morning. What happened?
— Er, he got angry with me because I hadn’t helped him with his homework.
A. exactly
B. separately
C. together
D. directly
5. — Why did you leave the party early last night, Michael?
— Well, the party suddenly became a little , so I left and went back home.
A. noisy
B. interesting
C. friendly
D. peaceful
6. — I don’t know how to ask my 80 - year - old grandpa to give up smoking. Any suggestions?
— Yes. Try telling him that giving up smoking can help the risk of heart disease.
A. review
B. reduce
C. recycle
D. improve
7. — I hear Mr Green moved to the countryside last month.
— That’s true. He made little money and couldn’t a house in the city.
A. paint
B. afford
C. clean
D. offer
8. — Notre - Dame de Paris caught fire on April 15th.
— I felt sad when I heard the news. The beautiful church was badly by the fire.
A. discovered
B. destroyed
C. cancelled
D. prevented
9. — Do you know Super High Speed Railway?
— Yes. Its top can reach 1,200 kilometers per hour. It was built in United Arab Emirates in 2020.
A. speed
B. distance
C. weight
D. height
10. — NASA has taken some photos of sunrise and sunset from the of Mars.
— I’ve seen the photos. The Sun looks much smaller on Mars than on Earth.
A. surface
B. center
C. research
D. study

1. A
2. B
3. D
4. C
5. A
6. B
7. B
8. B
9. A
10. A

1. 根据句子意思，霍金参加奖学金考试是为了在牛津学习自然科学，需要选择表示目的的词，aim 符合。
2. 根据 “The plan was so shallow and impractical” 可知这个计划不切实际，所以没人尝试，make an attempt to do sth. 表示尝试做某事。
3. 从 “it was not easy for him to work in the fields all day long” 以及常识可知，在炎热的天气下工作不容易，hot 符合语境。
4. 根据回答 “he got angry with me because I hadn’t helped him with his homework” 可知两人是一起去上学的，together 符合。
5. 根据 “so I left and went back home” 可知聚会变得有点吵所以离开，noisy 符合。
6. 放弃吸烟应该是有助于降低心脏病的风险，reduce 符合。
7. 根据 “He made little money” 可知他赚的钱少，买不起城里的房子，afford 符合。
8. 巴黎圣母院着火，教堂应该是被大火严重破坏，destroy 符合。
9. 根据 “can reach 1,200 kilometers per hour” 可知说的是速度，speed 符合。
10. 根据 “NASA has taken some photos of sunrise and sunset” 可知是从火星表面拍摄的，surface 符合。


翻译:
### Ⅱ. 完形填空：背景知识
阅读理解会受到背景知识的影响。读者可能无法从字面上或直接得出答案，但他们可以从上下文的材料中找到相关信息。
阅读下面的每个句子，然后圈出正确答案。
1. 霍金参加奖学金考试，______是在牛津大学学习自然科学。他最终实现了自己的目标。
A. 目标
B. 骄傲
C. 习惯
D. 经历
2. ——这个计划太肤浅且不切实际，以至于没有人______去实现它。
——确实如此，它不值得一试。
A. 借口
B. 尝试
C. 承诺
D. 决定
3. 从前，有一头公牛。从日出到日落，农夫都会让公牛干活。由于天气______，它一整天在田里干活并不容易。
A. 温暖的
B. 凉爽的
C. 宜人的
D. 炎热的
4. ——今天早上你和你哥哥______去上学了。发生什么事了？
——呃，他生我的气了，因为我没有帮他做作业。
A. 确切地
B. 分开地
C. 一起
D. 直接地
5. ——迈克尔，你昨晚为什么早早地离开派对了？
——嗯，派对突然变得有点______，所以我就离开回家了。
A. 吵闹的
B. 有趣的
C. 友好的
D. 宁静的
6. ——我不知道怎么劝我80岁的爷爷戒烟。有什么建议吗？
——有。试着告诉他，戒烟有助于______患心脏病的风险。
A. 复习
B. 降低
C. 回收
D. 改善
7. ——我听说格林先生上个月搬到乡下了。
——是真的。他赚的钱很少，在城里______不起房子。
A. 粉刷
B. 买得起
C. 打扫
D. 提供
8. ——巴黎圣母院在4月15日失火了。
——我听到这个消息时感到很难过。这座美丽的教堂被大火严重______了。
A. 发现
B. 毁坏
C. 取消
D. 阻止
9. ——你知道超级高速铁路吗？
——知道。它的最高______可达每小时1200公里。它于2020年在阿拉伯联合酋长国建成。
A. 速度
B. 距离
C. 重量
D. 高度
10. ——美国国家航空航天局（NASA）从火星的______拍摄了一些日出和日落的照片。
——我看过那些照片。在火星上，太阳看起来比在地球上小得多。
A. 表面
B. 中心
C. 研究
D. 学习