一、根据汉语意思写单词。
1. The village is in a beautiful (位置), surrounded by green mountains and clear rivers.
2. My teacher (复述) the story in the English class yesterday.
3. The scientist was surprised at how the plants (作出反应) to the new kind of soil.
4. Everyone should try to create a (稳定的) environment around us.
5. Reading more books can train your (大脑) and open up new ideas.

1. position 2. retold 3. reacted 4. stable 5. brain

【分析】
解答此类题目需先分析句子结构、时间状语等确定单词的词性和形式，再结合汉语意思写出正确单词。具体思路：1. 空格前有不定冠词a，需填可数名词单数；2. 时间状语yesterday提示用动词过去式；3. 主句为过去时，从句动词需用过去式；4. 需形容词修饰名词；5. 直接对应汉语名词即可。
【解析】
1. 空格前有不定冠词a，需填可数名词单数，汉语“位置”对应单词position，故填position。
2. 时间状语yesterday表过去，动词需用过去式，“复述”的过去式为retold，故填retold。
3. 主句was为过去式，从句动作发生在过去，动词需用过去式，“作出反应”的过去式为reacted，故填reacted。
4. 需形容词修饰名词environment，汉语“稳定的”对应单词stable，故填stable。
5. 汉语“大脑”对应名词brain，故填brain。
【答案】
1. position 2. retold 3. reacted 4. stable 5. brain
【知识点】
英语单词拼写、动词时态、词性运用
【点评】
本题为英语基础题型，考察核心词汇的拼写及动词时态、词性的正确使用，难度较低，适合巩固英语基础。
【难度系数】
0.8

二、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
6. I like to share my happiness and (sad) with my friends.
7. His (appear) changed a lot after he started to exercise.
8. I need to prepare to give (speech) in different places this week.
9. My grandpa is a little (forget) and often leaves his keys at home.
10. As you (probable) know, I am going to study abroad soon.

6. sadness 7. appearance 8. speeches 9. forgetful 10. probably

【分析】
本题为单词适当形式填空题，需结合句子结构、语法规则（如并列成分要求、词性搭配、修饰关系等）转换单词形式。第6题中and连接并列名词，需将形容词sad变为名词；第7题形容词性物主代词his后接名词，需将动词appear变为名词；第8题考查固定表达，需用名词复数；第9题a little修饰形容词，需将动词forget变为形容词；第10题修饰动词know需用副词，需将形容词probable变为副词。
【解析】
6. 句中and连接并列成分，前面是名词happiness，故将形容词sad转换为名词sadness；
7. his是形容词性物主代词，后接名词，故将动词appear转换为名词appearance；
8. 固定搭配give speeches表示“做演讲”，此处用名词复数speeches；
9. a little修饰形容词，故将动词forget转换为形容词forgetful；
10. 修饰动词know需用副词，故将形容词probable转换为副词probably。
【答案】
6. sadness 7. appearance 8. speeches 9. forgetful 10. probably
【知识点】
词性转换、并列结构、形容词副词用法
【点评】
本题考查英语基础的单词词性变形，涉及名词、形容词、副词的转换规则，以及并列结构、固定搭配的运用，是英语学习中的核心基础题型，需熟练掌握常见单词的词性变化规律。
【难度系数】
0.7

三、阅读理解。
Walking backward might help you recall information. Scientists from the University of Roehampton in the UK said this activity can help people improve their short-term memory.
Researchers asked 114 volunteers to watch a video. After watching the video, the volunteers were divided into three groups. One group was told to walk 10 metres forward. The second group walked 10 metres backward. The third group stood in one place. All three groups were asked 20 questions about what they saw in the video.
The scientists found that the backward-walking group answered more questions correctly than the other two groups. This suggests that the link between the concepts of time and space is important in terms of how our minds form memories. “Time is really expressed via space,” said Aleksandar, who led the study. “When people walk backward, they see things from a different angle (角度). This difference helps people recall things that happened in the past.”
Actually, walking backward has other benefits. Compared to walking forward, walking backward is more challenging. It can help us ameliorate our fitness. Walking backward uses more energy in a short time and burns more calories. In addition, walking backward is less stressful for our knees. It could be helpful for people who often have pain in their knees, according to researchers from the University of Oregon in the US. Walking backward also keeps our spines (脊柱) strong, which can help to ease pain in the lower back. This might be why many old people like walking backward.
() 11. What can we infer from the experiment mentioned in the passage?
A. 114 volunteers joined the experiment and were all asked to walk 10 metres.
B. The volunteers' performances have something to do with how they walk.
C. The more we walk, the better memory we have.
D. Volunteers were asked to make a video in the experiment.
() 12. What is the key to helping people improve their memory according to Aleksandar?
A. The importance of the link between the concepts of time and space.
B. Suggestions on how our minds form memories.
C. Different ways to express time and space.
D. The difference in seeing things from different angles.
() 13. What does the underlined word “ameliorate” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Improve. B. Harm. C. Control. D. Spread.
() 14. What is the main purpose of the passage?
A. To introduce a new way to treat knees and back pain.
B. To explain why old people prefer walking backward.
C. To show the benefits of walking backward.
D. To advise students to walk backward to school.

11. B 12. D 13. A 14. C

【分析】
做这类阅读理解题，需先通读题干，再回原文定位对应段落，逐一分析选项，排除与原文不符或无中生有的选项，选出正确答案。第11题是推理判断题，需结合实验结果推断；第12题考查人物观点，要定位对应人物的原话；第13题是词义猜测题，需结合上下文语境判断词义；第14题是主旨大意题，需梳理全文核心内容。
【解析】
11. 定位实验相关段落：A选项原文提到三组分别是向前走、向后走、站立，并非都要求走10米，错误；B选项不同走路方式（向前、向后、站立）的答题正确率不同，说明表现与走路方式有关，正确；C选项原文未提及“走得越多记忆越好”，无中生有，错误；D选项实验是让志愿者看视频，而非制作视频，错误。故选B。
12. 定位Aleksandar的表述：原文提到“当人们倒走时，会从不同角度看事物，这种差异帮助回忆过去的事情”，即关键是从不同角度看事物的差异，对应D选项；A选项是前文研究结论，但不是Aleksandar所说的关键，错误；B、C选项与原文不符，错误。故选D。
13. 定位划线词所在句：后文提到倒走用更多能量、燃烧更多卡路里，说明是对健康有益的动作，ameliorate意为“改善”，对应A选项；B（伤害）、C（控制）、D（传播）均不符合语境。故选A。
14. 梳理全文内容：文章从倒走对记忆的帮助、健身、保护膝盖、强健脊柱等方面介绍倒走的益处，核心目的是展示倒走的好处，对应C选项；A、B仅为部分内容，D无中生有，错误。故选C。
【答案】
11. B 12. D 13. A 14. C
【知识点】
阅读理解推理判断、词义猜测题、主旨大意题
【点评】
本文是一篇介绍倒走益处的说明文，题型涵盖推理判断、词义猜测、主旨大意等，需要学生精准定位原文信息，区分易混淆选项，整体难度适中，适合中等水平学生练习。
【难度系数】
0.6