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C
①Plastic waste is one of the biggest problems our planet faces. Plastic doesn't go away easily. It stays in the environment for hundreds of years, causing harm to animals, oceans, and nature. Every year, millions of animals suffer because of plastic. Some get sick after eating it, while others get trapped in it. And those huge "plastic islands" in the oceans just keep getting bigger.
②But guess what? Scientists have found something amazing. They've found that certain plants and fungi can really "eat" plastic! In one experiment, scientists placed a plastic bottle and some fungi inside a box. After a few weeks, the fungi produced special chemicals. These chemicals slowly turned the plastic into tiny pieces. By the end of the experiment, most of the bottle was gone, leaving behind only safe things like water and air. This shows how powerful fungi can be in fighting plastic waste.
③Scientists also found other fungi and small living things in forests and mountains that can break down plastic. These little helpers live well even in bad conditions. Since there are so many of them, they're great at breaking down hard plastics.
④This finding could change how we ▲ plastic. Old ways like recycling are expensive and don't always work perfectly. Using plants and fungi to get rid of plastic would cost less and be much more friendly to the environment than factories.
⑤However, there are still problems. First, we need to grow enough of these plastic-eating fungi. And we must make sure they don't cause any new problems for nature. Also, scientists need to do more research to help these fungi work well in the real world, not just in labs.
⑥Even with these problems, there's a lot of hope. We could create special farms in the oceans and polluted areas to grow these helpful fungi and plants. With more of them around, they can break down plastic waste faster and more effectively.
⑦If we can make the most of these special fungi, we might finally solve the plastic pollution problem and make our earth a cleaner place. Scientists are working hard to find out the best ways to use fungi against plastic pollution in the future.
33. What did the scientists find according to their experiment in Paragraph 2?
A. Plastic pollution is quite hard to solve.
B. Fungi can really break down plastic waste.
C. People can use fungi instead of plastic.
D. Plastic will produce new chemicals.
34. Which phrase is the most suitable to be filled in the ▲?
A. hand out B. tidy up
C. deal with D. care about
35. According to the last paragraph, what might the writer talk about next?
A. The future use of plastic-eating fungi.
B. New ways to make our earth cleaner.
C. Other ways of solving plastic pollution.
D. Some new experiments from scientists.
36. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
①Plastic waste is one of the biggest problems our planet faces. Plastic doesn't go away easily. It stays in the environment for hundreds of years, causing harm to animals, oceans, and nature. Every year, millions of animals suffer because of plastic. Some get sick after eating it, while others get trapped in it. And those huge "plastic islands" in the oceans just keep getting bigger.
②But guess what? Scientists have found something amazing. They've found that certain plants and fungi can really "eat" plastic! In one experiment, scientists placed a plastic bottle and some fungi inside a box. After a few weeks, the fungi produced special chemicals. These chemicals slowly turned the plastic into tiny pieces. By the end of the experiment, most of the bottle was gone, leaving behind only safe things like water and air. This shows how powerful fungi can be in fighting plastic waste.
③Scientists also found other fungi and small living things in forests and mountains that can break down plastic. These little helpers live well even in bad conditions. Since there are so many of them, they're great at breaking down hard plastics.
④This finding could change how we ▲ plastic. Old ways like recycling are expensive and don't always work perfectly. Using plants and fungi to get rid of plastic would cost less and be much more friendly to the environment than factories.
⑤However, there are still problems. First, we need to grow enough of these plastic-eating fungi. And we must make sure they don't cause any new problems for nature. Also, scientists need to do more research to help these fungi work well in the real world, not just in labs.
⑥Even with these problems, there's a lot of hope. We could create special farms in the oceans and polluted areas to grow these helpful fungi and plants. With more of them around, they can break down plastic waste faster and more effectively.
⑦If we can make the most of these special fungi, we might finally solve the plastic pollution problem and make our earth a cleaner place. Scientists are working hard to find out the best ways to use fungi against plastic pollution in the future.
33. What did the scientists find according to their experiment in Paragraph 2?
A. Plastic pollution is quite hard to solve.
B. Fungi can really break down plastic waste.
C. People can use fungi instead of plastic.
D. Plastic will produce new chemicals.
34. Which phrase is the most suitable to be filled in the ▲?
A. hand out B. tidy up
C. deal with D. care about
35. According to the last paragraph, what might the writer talk about next?
A. The future use of plastic-eating fungi.
B. New ways to make our earth cleaner.
C. Other ways of solving plastic pollution.
D. Some new experiments from scientists.
36. Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?
答案
C
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了塑料污染问题的严重性及科学家发现的真菌降解塑料的潜在解决方案。
33. B 细节理解题。根据第二段中"scientists placed a plastic bottle and some fungi inside a box ... By the end of the experiment, most of the bottle was gone"可知,科学家将塑料瓶和真菌放入盒子中,实验结束时,大部分塑料瓶消失了。故实验证明真菌能分解塑料。故选B。
34. C 补全文章题。根据第四段中"Old ways like recycling are expensive ... Using plants and fungi to get rid of plastic would cost less ..."可知,传统回收方式昂贵,利用真菌处理塑料成本更低。故空缺处需填入与"处理"塑料相关的动词短语,deal with最符合语境。故选C。
35. A 推理判断题。根据第七段中"Scientists are working hard to find out the best ways to use fungi against plastic pollution in the future."可知,科学家正努力研究未来利用真菌对抗塑料污染的最佳方式。故下文很可能继续讨论真菌的未来应用。故选A。
36. A 篇章结构题。分析文章结构脉络,第一段提出塑料污染的严重性;第二、三、四段介绍真菌降解塑料这一科学发现;第五、六段介绍真菌降解塑料存在的问题及解决方法;第七段总结全文。故选A。
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了塑料污染问题的严重性及科学家发现的真菌降解塑料的潜在解决方案。
33. B 细节理解题。根据第二段中"scientists placed a plastic bottle and some fungi inside a box ... By the end of the experiment, most of the bottle was gone"可知,科学家将塑料瓶和真菌放入盒子中,实验结束时,大部分塑料瓶消失了。故实验证明真菌能分解塑料。故选B。
34. C 补全文章题。根据第四段中"Old ways like recycling are expensive ... Using plants and fungi to get rid of plastic would cost less ..."可知,传统回收方式昂贵,利用真菌处理塑料成本更低。故空缺处需填入与"处理"塑料相关的动词短语,deal with最符合语境。故选C。
35. A 推理判断题。根据第七段中"Scientists are working hard to find out the best ways to use fungi against plastic pollution in the future."可知,科学家正努力研究未来利用真菌对抗塑料污染的最佳方式。故下文很可能继续讨论真菌的未来应用。故选A。
36. A 篇章结构题。分析文章结构脉络,第一段提出塑料污染的严重性;第二、三、四段介绍真菌降解塑料这一科学发现;第五、六段介绍真菌降解塑料存在的问题及解决方法;第七段总结全文。故选A。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇环保主题的说明文阅读理解，解题时可以按照题型逐个突破：
1. 第33题是指定段落的细节理解题，首先根据题干提示定位到第2段的实验描述部分，直接提取实验最终结论，逐一比对选项排除不符合原文的内容即可得到答案。
2. 第34题是短语补全语境题，先看空缺后文的内容，后文介绍了传统处理塑料的回收方式，以及用真菌去除塑料的新方法，由此反推空缺处的含义是“处理、应对”塑料污染，匹配对应短语即可。
3. 第35题是语篇延续推理题，重点关注最后一段的收尾句，找到全文最终落脚的核心话题，按照内容顺承的逻辑，就能推断出下文最可能讨论的内容。
4. 第36题是篇章结构题，逐段梳理每段的核心大意，把功能相近的段落归为同一模块，就能划分出文章的整体结构。
【解析】
33. 细节理解题：定位到第2段实验内容，科学家将塑料瓶和真菌放在同一密闭空间，数周后大部分塑料瓶消失，最终只剩水和空气这类安全物质，直接证明真菌可以分解塑料垃圾。A选项“塑料污染很难解决”不是该实验得出的结论；C选项“人们可以用真菌代替塑料”原文完全未提及；D选项“塑料会产生新的化学物质”表述错误，是真菌产生特殊化学物质分解塑料，因此只有B选项符合实验结论。
34. 短语辨析题：空缺后介绍了回收这类旧的塑料处理方式，以及用真菌分解塑料的新方式，可知此处表达的是“这项发现会改变我们处理塑料的方式”。A.hand out意为分发；B.tidy up意为收拾整理；C.deal with意为处理、应对；D.care about意为关心，只有C选项符合语境。
35. 推理判断题：最后一段的收尾句明确说明“科学家正全力研究未来利用真菌对抗塑料污染的最优方法”，按照叙事逻辑，下文会顺着这个核心话题继续展开，介绍食塑真菌的未来应用。B选项“让地球更干净的新方法”范围过大；C选项“其他解决塑料污染的方法”偏离尾段核心落脚点；D选项“科学家的新实验”没有紧扣尾段强调的“未来使用真菌”的方向，因此A选项最合理。
36. 篇章结构题：梳理全文段落功能：第1段单独成层，提出塑料污染严峻的背景；第2-4段为第二层，介绍科学家发现真菌可分解塑料这一研究成果，以及该成果相比传统方式的优势；第5-6段为第三层，说明目前该技术落地存在的问题以及对应的可行解决思路；第7段单独成层，总结展望该技术的发展前景，对应正确的结构划分。
【答案】
33. B 34. C 35. A 36. A
【知识点】
说明文细节定位，语境短语辨析，语篇逻辑推理
【点评】
本题属于初中阶段典型的说明文阅读考题，考点覆盖了阅读理解的常考题型，既考察学生快速定位原文信息、抓取关键细节的基础阅读能力，也要求学生整体梳理行文脉络、把握语篇逻辑，其中篇章结构类题目对学生的整体文本把控能力有一定要求，是易失分点。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇环保主题的说明文阅读理解，解题时可以按照题型逐个突破：
1. 第33题是指定段落的细节理解题，首先根据题干提示定位到第2段的实验描述部分，直接提取实验最终结论，逐一比对选项排除不符合原文的内容即可得到答案。
2. 第34题是短语补全语境题，先看空缺后文的内容，后文介绍了传统处理塑料的回收方式，以及用真菌去除塑料的新方法，由此反推空缺处的含义是“处理、应对”塑料污染，匹配对应短语即可。
3. 第35题是语篇延续推理题，重点关注最后一段的收尾句，找到全文最终落脚的核心话题，按照内容顺承的逻辑，就能推断出下文最可能讨论的内容。
4. 第36题是篇章结构题，逐段梳理每段的核心大意，把功能相近的段落归为同一模块，就能划分出文章的整体结构。
【解析】
33. 细节理解题：定位到第2段实验内容，科学家将塑料瓶和真菌放在同一密闭空间，数周后大部分塑料瓶消失，最终只剩水和空气这类安全物质，直接证明真菌可以分解塑料垃圾。A选项“塑料污染很难解决”不是该实验得出的结论；C选项“人们可以用真菌代替塑料”原文完全未提及；D选项“塑料会产生新的化学物质”表述错误，是真菌产生特殊化学物质分解塑料，因此只有B选项符合实验结论。
34. 短语辨析题：空缺后介绍了回收这类旧的塑料处理方式，以及用真菌分解塑料的新方式，可知此处表达的是“这项发现会改变我们处理塑料的方式”。A.hand out意为分发；B.tidy up意为收拾整理；C.deal with意为处理、应对；D.care about意为关心，只有C选项符合语境。
35. 推理判断题：最后一段的收尾句明确说明“科学家正全力研究未来利用真菌对抗塑料污染的最优方法”，按照叙事逻辑，下文会顺着这个核心话题继续展开，介绍食塑真菌的未来应用。B选项“让地球更干净的新方法”范围过大；C选项“其他解决塑料污染的方法”偏离尾段核心落脚点；D选项“科学家的新实验”没有紧扣尾段强调的“未来使用真菌”的方向，因此A选项最合理。
36. 篇章结构题：梳理全文段落功能：第1段单独成层，提出塑料污染严峻的背景；第2-4段为第二层，介绍科学家发现真菌可分解塑料这一研究成果，以及该成果相比传统方式的优势；第5-6段为第三层，说明目前该技术落地存在的问题以及对应的可行解决思路；第7段单独成层，总结展望该技术的发展前景，对应正确的结构划分。
【答案】
33. B 34. C 35. A 36. A
【知识点】
说明文细节定位，语境短语辨析，语篇逻辑推理
【点评】
本题属于初中阶段典型的说明文阅读考题，考点覆盖了阅读理解的常考题型，既考察学生快速定位原文信息、抓取关键细节的基础阅读能力，也要求学生整体梳理行文脉络、把握语篇逻辑，其中篇章结构类题目对学生的整体文本把控能力有一定要求，是易失分点。
【难度系数】
0.7
