一、完形填空
从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
How do you tell the time? By a watch or some other tools? Clocks can tell us when an activity begins and when it ends. In ancient times, ______ 1 ______ clocks, people told time with the help of the sun. They began to work when they saw the sun ______ 2 ______ from the east. At ______ 3 ______ , when the sun was very high, they went for a meal and had a rest. When the sun ______ 4 ______ in the west, they went to sleep after hours' work.
With the development of the 5, we know that the sun doesn't go around the earth. In fact, the earth 6 around the sun. So how long is a day? The time it 7 for the earth to make one complete(完整的) turn is called "a day". We divide a day 8 hours, minutes, and seconds. At the same time, we can know time by other movements, too. The time it takes for the earth to travel around the sun 9 is "a year". One year means 12 months. It also means about 52 weeks. Because of calenders and clocks, we 10 know the time correctly. But the fact is that the earth travels around the sun, so we can measure(测量；度量) time.
()1. A. without B. with
C. by D. through
()2. A. rises B. rose
C. raise D. rising
()3. A. midnight B. night
C. noon D. evening
()4. A. stopped B. set
C. rose D. moved
()5. A. nature B. science
C. clocks D. internet
()6. A. flies B. swims
C. moves D. appears
()7. A. takes B. spends
C. pays D. costs
()8. A. in B. into
C. on D. onto
()9. A. one B. first
C. once D. twice
()10. A. can B. must
C. might D. shall

1. A 由下文所述“人们通过观察太阳来辨别时间”可知，那个时候还没有钟表。without 意为“没有”，符合语境，故选 A。
2. D 句意为：“当人们看见太阳从东方升起时，便开始工作。” see sb./sth. doing sth. 意为“看见某人/某物做某事”。表示太阳升起用 rise，故选 D。
3. C 句意为：“中午时分，太阳当空，人们便会用餐、休息。”故选 C。
4. B 根据上下文及常识可知，太阳从西边落下，人们便结束一天的劳作去睡觉了。表示太阳落山用 set，故选 B。
5. B 根据上下文及常识可知，太阳不是绕着地球转这一知识是随着科学的发展才被人们了解到的，故选 B。
6. C 句意为：“事实上，地球绕着太阳转。”move 意为“移动，转动”，符合语境。同时，主语为第三人称单数，应用 moves。故选 C。
7. A 表示花时间做某事，应用 “It takes sb./sth. +时间+to do sth.”，故选 A。
8. B divide ... into ... 意为“把……分成……”。这里表示把一天分成小时、分和秒，故选 B。
9. C 根据常识，地球绕太阳转一圈的时间为一年。once 意为“一次”，符合语境，故选 C。
10. A 由上下文可知，这里表示有了日历和钟表后我们可以知道准确的时间，故选 A。

【分析】
解答本题需先通读全文，理解文章围绕“时间测量的发展（从古代靠太阳到现代靠钟表科学）”的主题，再结合上下文语境、固定搭配、语法规则及生活常识，逐个分析每个空白处的最佳选项。
【解析】
1. 由下文“人们通过太阳辨别时间”可知，古代没有钟表，without（没有）符合语境，选A。
2. 考查固定搭配see sb./sth. doing sth.（看见某物正在做某事），太阳升起用rise，此处用rising，选D。
3. 常识中太阳当空时是中午，noon（中午）符合语境，选C。
4. 常识中太阳从西边落下，set（落山）符合，选B。
5. “太阳不绕地球转”是科学知识，随科学发展被认知，science（科学）符合，选B。
6. 地球绕太阳转动，move（转动），主语是第三人称单数，用moves，选C。
7. 固定句型It takes +时间+for sb./sth. to do sth.（某物做某事花费多少时间），选A。
8. 固定搭配divide...into...（把……分成……），选B。
9. 地球绕太阳转一圈的时间是一年，once（一次）符合，选C。
10. 有了日历和钟表后，我们能够准确知道时间，can（能够）符合，选A。
【答案】
A D C B B C A B C A
【知识点】
完形填空解题、固定搭配运用、动词辨析
【点评】
本题围绕时间测量的发展展开，结合生活常识与基础语法知识，考查学生的语境理解能力和基础知识运用能力，是一道难度适中的完形填空题。
【难度系数】
0.6

二、阅读理解
根据短文内容，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
In ancient times, before scientists invented telescopes and rockets, people learned that Mars looked like a light red planet. In western countries, red is a symbol of blood and war. So the Romans called the planet Mars, the god of war.
Nowadays, we know more and more about Mars. The planet is so dry that it is like a desert. However, there was water on it long long ago. Observing thousands of pictures of the planet, scientists found that there are old
riverbeds and a huge flat area like an ocean.
Volcanoes not only exist on Earth, but also on Mars. The highest peak of the volcanoes on Mars is three times as high as Mount Qomolangma which is the highest point on Earth.
The atmosphere of the planet is far thinner than that on Earth. Most of it is carbon dioxide. And the planet is always cold — about $63°\mathrm{C}$ below zero. And the temperature on the north and south poles of Mars is about $115°\mathrm{C}$ below zero. We don't see plants, animals, birds, or bugs on Mars. Did they appear millions of years ago? Many samples (样本) from Mars can prove living things may have developed there.
More information about Mars is waiting for you to explore!
()11. Why did the Romans name the planet “Mars”?
A. Because it is red.
B. Because it is the god of war.
C. Because its color makes people think of blood and war.
D. Because it is a light red planet.
()12. Mars is always cold — about below zero in the north and south poles.
A. $79.4°\mathrm{C}$
B. $115°\mathrm{C}$
C. $63°\mathrm{C}$
D. $33.8°\mathrm{C}$
()13. Which sentence is TRUE according to the text?
A. Animals might live on Mars long time ago.
B. The average temperature on Mars is warmer than that on Earth.
C. Mars is not as dry as a desert.
D. Human beings can never explore more about Mars.
()14. How many aspects (方面) about Mars are mentioned in the text?
A. 3.
B. 4.
C. 5.
D. 6.
()15. Which of the following is the best title of the text?
A. The Atmosphere on Mars
B. The Eater on Mars
C. The Plants on Mars
D. Exploration of Mars

11. C 由第一段最后两句可知，罗马人以战神玛尔斯（Mars）为这颗行星命名，原因是它的颜色让人联想到血和战争，故选 C。
12. B 由第四段第四句可知，火星南北两极的温度约为$-115°C$，故选 B。
13. A 由第四段最后一句可知，来自火星的许多样本可以证明生物可能曾在火星上繁衍，故选 A。
14. C 本文从以下几方面介绍了火星：第一段介绍了火星名字的由来；第二段介绍了火星很干燥，但曾经有过水；第三段介绍了火星上有火山；第四段介绍了火星的大气层状况及温度；第四段还介绍了火星上现在没有动植物，但可能曾经有生物存在。一共提到了五方面，故选 C。
15. D 全文主要介绍了关于火星的一些知识，包括名字由来、水资源、地质特征、大气层、温度，以及是否有生物等方面，最后还提到更多关于火星的信息等待探索。短文整体围绕对火星的探索展开，故选 D。

【分析】
做本题需先通读短文把握核心内容，再针对每个小题的问题回到原文定位关键信息，对比选项逐一排除错误答案选出最佳选项：11题定位罗马人命名火星的原因；12题定位火星南北极温度；13题核对选项与原文细节；14题梳理短文介绍火星的方面；15题归纳短文主旨。
【解析】
11. 根据短文第一段“In western countries, red is a symbol of blood and war. So the Romans called the planet Mars, the god of war.”可知，罗马人因火星颜色让人联想到血和战争而将其命名为Mars，对应选项C，故选C。
12. 根据短文第四段“And the temperature on the north and south poles of Mars is about 115°C below zero.”可知，火星南北两极温度约为零下115°C，对应选项B，故选B。
13. 根据短文第四段“Many samples (样本) from Mars can prove living things may have developed there.”可知，生物可能曾在火星存在，A项正确；B项火星平均温度比地球暖与原文“always cold”不符；C项火星不像沙漠与原文“so dry that it is like a desert”不符；D项人类永远无法探索火星更多信息与原文“More information about Mars is waiting for you to explore”不符，故选A。
14. 短文从五方面介绍火星：①名字由来；②干燥但曾有水；③存在火山；④大气层与温度；⑤生物存在可能性，共5个方面，对应选项C，故选C。
15. 全文围绕火星的相关知识展开，最后提及更多火星信息待探索，核心是对火星的探索，对应选项D，故选D。
【答案】
11.C 12.B 13.A 14.C 15.D
【知识点】
英语阅读理解、细节理解题、主旨大意题
【点评】
本题为科普类英语阅读理解，考查学生快速定位原文细节、理解文本信息及归纳主旨的能力，题目以细节题为主，少量主旨题，需学生仔细阅读原文匹配选项，难度适中。
【难度系数】
0.5