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四、阅读理解。〔人与自然——自然生态〕
The Yarlung Zangbo River, China’s longest plateau(高原)river, is the most important waterway in Xizang. Starting from the Jima Yangzong Glacier on the Himalayas’ northern side, it runs through several places of Xizang. Then it heads south, finally flowing into the Indian Ocean. In China, it runs about 2,057 kilometers and holds lots of water. In Xizang, the river helps farmers grow crops and also creates a huge, deep canyon(峡谷)near Nyingchi City, which is known as the world’s deepest canyon. This area is home to many protected animals.
On July 19, 2025, China started building a new hydroelectric(水力发电的)project which will use the river’s fast - flowing water to make electricity. Workers will build five small dams connected by long tunnels(隧道)underground. These tunnels will carry water from high places to lower places, using the river’s natural drop of over 2,000 meters to drive machines.
With a cost of 1.2 trillion *yuan*, the project will take many years to complete. Once finished, it will produce enough electricity for millions of homes. And there are some key facts showing how people can use nature’s power without hurting the environment. Smart design: Engineers make the water drop 2,200 meters over just 50 km to create strong power. Helping nature: Special paths for fish will be built, and enough water will flow downstream to protect animals and plants. Better lives: It brings jobs for 200,000 people and gives Xizang 20 billion *yuan* each year for schools, roads, and hospitals.
1.(创新考法·信息排序)Which is the correct order of the Yarlung Zangbo River’s journey?
① Reaches the Indian Ocean. ② Goes across some areas of Xizang.
③ Turns south close to Nyingchi City. ④ Comes from the Jima Yangzong Glacier.
A. ④→③→①→②
B. ①→④→②→③
C. ④→②→③→①
D. ②→④→①→③
2. How does the project make power?
A. By building tunnels above ground.
B. Water falls down to run machines.
C. By connecting machines to slow water.
D. By digging tunnels to transport animals.
3. What can we know about the project’s design?
A. It will harm the canyon’s depth.
B. It focuses only on making electricity cheaply.
C. It changes the river’s natural flow completely.
D. It balances power needs and nature protection.
4. Where is this passage most likely taken from?
A. A news report.
B. A science fiction novel.
C. A storybook.
D. A poetry collection.
The Yarlung Zangbo River, China’s longest plateau(高原)river, is the most important waterway in Xizang. Starting from the Jima Yangzong Glacier on the Himalayas’ northern side, it runs through several places of Xizang. Then it heads south, finally flowing into the Indian Ocean. In China, it runs about 2,057 kilometers and holds lots of water. In Xizang, the river helps farmers grow crops and also creates a huge, deep canyon(峡谷)near Nyingchi City, which is known as the world’s deepest canyon. This area is home to many protected animals.
On July 19, 2025, China started building a new hydroelectric(水力发电的)project which will use the river’s fast - flowing water to make electricity. Workers will build five small dams connected by long tunnels(隧道)underground. These tunnels will carry water from high places to lower places, using the river’s natural drop of over 2,000 meters to drive machines.
With a cost of 1.2 trillion *yuan*, the project will take many years to complete. Once finished, it will produce enough electricity for millions of homes. And there are some key facts showing how people can use nature’s power without hurting the environment. Smart design: Engineers make the water drop 2,200 meters over just 50 km to create strong power. Helping nature: Special paths for fish will be built, and enough water will flow downstream to protect animals and plants. Better lives: It brings jobs for 200,000 people and gives Xizang 20 billion *yuan* each year for schools, roads, and hospitals.
1.(创新考法·信息排序)Which is the correct order of the Yarlung Zangbo River’s journey?
① Reaches the Indian Ocean. ② Goes across some areas of Xizang.
③ Turns south close to Nyingchi City. ④ Comes from the Jima Yangzong Glacier.
A. ④→③→①→②
B. ①→④→②→③
C. ④→②→③→①
D. ②→④→①→③
2. How does the project make power?
A. By building tunnels above ground.
B. Water falls down to run machines.
C. By connecting machines to slow water.
D. By digging tunnels to transport animals.
3. What can we know about the project’s design?
A. It will harm the canyon’s depth.
B. It focuses only on making electricity cheaply.
C. It changes the river’s natural flow completely.
D. It balances power needs and nature protection.
4. Where is this passage most likely taken from?
A. A news report.
B. A science fiction novel.
C. A storybook.
D. A poetry collection.
答案
四、1~4. CBDA
解析
【分析】
这是一篇围绕雅鲁藏布江及配套清洁能源水电项目展开的生态主题说明文，解题时可以按照不同题型的对应思路逐一突破：1. 信息排序题需要回到原文定位河流流经路径的相关描述，逐个匹配四个事件的先后顺序，排除不符合叙事逻辑的错误选项；2. 细节理解题直接定位水电项目发电原理的段落内容，将选项和原文表述逐一比对排除错误项；3. 推理判断题结合项目设计的相关介绍，提炼出项目兼顾发电和生态保护的核心特点，选出匹配的选项；4. 文章出处题根据文本的内容属性、叙事风格，排除不符合的文体类型，得到正确答案。
【解析】
1. 细节排序题：根据原文第一段内容，雅鲁藏布江的行程顺序为：④发源于喜马拉雅山北侧的杰马央宗冰川→②流经西藏多个区域→③在林芝附近向南转向→①最终流入印度洋，对应顺序为④→②→③→①，选C。
2. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段"These tunnels will carry water from high places to lower places, using the river’s natural drop of over 2,000 meters to drive machines"可知，项目是利用高低落差让水下落驱动机器发电，对应B选项；A选项错误，隧道是地下的并非地上；C选项错误，项目利用的是流速快、落差大的水流而非缓水；D选项错误，挖隧道的作用是输水而非运输动物。
3. 推理判断题：根据原文第三段内容，该项目不仅能产出大量电力，还专门设置了鱼类通道、保障下游生态水量，兼顾了发电需求和自然生态保护，对应D选项；A选项原文无相关表述，项目不会损害峡谷深度；B选项错误，项目并非只追求低成本发电，还兼顾生态和民生效益；C选项错误，项目没有完全改变河流自然流态，仍保证足够水量向下游流动。
4. 文章出处题：本文客观介绍了2025年7月新开工的重大水电工程的相关信息，属于正式的工程类资讯内容，最有可能出自新闻报道，A正确；科幻小说、故事书、诗集的文体风格均和本文说明性的客观报道属性不符。
【答案】
1~4. CBDA
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，信息排序，文体判断
【点评】
本题贴合新课标人与自然的主题语境，创新设置信息排序题型，既考察学生快速抓取文本关键信息、梳理叙事逻辑的能力，也向学生科普了我国生态友好型清洁能源工程的设计亮点，渗透了绿色发展的理念，整体设问梯度平缓，区分度合理。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇围绕雅鲁藏布江及配套清洁能源水电项目展开的生态主题说明文，解题时可以按照不同题型的对应思路逐一突破：1. 信息排序题需要回到原文定位河流流经路径的相关描述，逐个匹配四个事件的先后顺序，排除不符合叙事逻辑的错误选项；2. 细节理解题直接定位水电项目发电原理的段落内容，将选项和原文表述逐一比对排除错误项；3. 推理判断题结合项目设计的相关介绍，提炼出项目兼顾发电和生态保护的核心特点，选出匹配的选项；4. 文章出处题根据文本的内容属性、叙事风格，排除不符合的文体类型，得到正确答案。
【解析】
1. 细节排序题：根据原文第一段内容，雅鲁藏布江的行程顺序为：④发源于喜马拉雅山北侧的杰马央宗冰川→②流经西藏多个区域→③在林芝附近向南转向→①最终流入印度洋，对应顺序为④→②→③→①，选C。
2. 细节理解题：根据原文第二段"These tunnels will carry water from high places to lower places, using the river’s natural drop of over 2,000 meters to drive machines"可知，项目是利用高低落差让水下落驱动机器发电，对应B选项；A选项错误，隧道是地下的并非地上；C选项错误，项目利用的是流速快、落差大的水流而非缓水；D选项错误，挖隧道的作用是输水而非运输动物。
3. 推理判断题：根据原文第三段内容，该项目不仅能产出大量电力，还专门设置了鱼类通道、保障下游生态水量，兼顾了发电需求和自然生态保护，对应D选项；A选项原文无相关表述，项目不会损害峡谷深度；B选项错误，项目并非只追求低成本发电，还兼顾生态和民生效益；C选项错误，项目没有完全改变河流自然流态，仍保证足够水量向下游流动。
4. 文章出处题：本文客观介绍了2025年7月新开工的重大水电工程的相关信息，属于正式的工程类资讯内容，最有可能出自新闻报道，A正确；科幻小说、故事书、诗集的文体风格均和本文说明性的客观报道属性不符。
【答案】
1~4. CBDA
【知识点】
阅读理解细节定位，信息排序，文体判断
【点评】
本题贴合新课标人与自然的主题语境，创新设置信息排序题型，既考察学生快速抓取文本关键信息、梳理叙事逻辑的能力，也向学生科普了我国生态友好型清洁能源工程的设计亮点，渗透了绿色发展的理念，整体设问梯度平缓，区分度合理。
【难度系数】
0.7
