7. 已知关于$x$,$y$的二元一次方程组$\begin{cases}3x - y = 4m + 1, \\ x + y = 2m - 5\end{cases}$的解满足$x - y = 4$,则$m$的值为( )
A.0
B.1
C.2
D.3
A.0
B.1
C.2
D.3
答案
7. B 解析:记$\begin{cases}3x - y = 4m + 1①,\\x + y = 2m - 5②.\end{cases}$由① - ②,得$2x - 2y = 2m + 6$,即$x - y = m + 3$.代入$x - y = 4$,得$m + 3 = 4$,解得$m = 1$.
8. (2024·沭阳段考)若实数$m$,$n$满足$|m - n - 5| + (2m + n - 4)^{2} = 0$,则$3m + n =$
7
.答案
8. 7
9. 若$2x^{5a}y^{b + 4}$与$-x^{1 - 2b}y^{2a}$是同类项,则$b^{2a}$的值为
4
.答案
9. 4 解析:因为$2x^{5a}y^{b + 4}$与$-x^{1 - 2b}y^{2a}$是同类项,所以$\begin{cases}5a = 1 - 2b,\\b + 4 = 2a,\end{cases}$解得$\begin{cases}a = 1,\\b = -2,\end{cases}$所以$b^{2a} = (-2)^{2×1} = 4$.
10. 用加减法解下面的方程组:
(1)$\begin{cases}\dfrac{x}{3} + \dfrac{y}{4} = \dfrac{1}{2}, \\ \dfrac{x}{4} - \dfrac{y}{6} = -\dfrac{7}{4};\end{cases}$
(2)$\begin{cases}3(x + y) - 4(x - y) = -18, \\ \dfrac{x + y}{2} + \dfrac{x - y}{6} = 2.\end{cases}$
(1)$\begin{cases}\dfrac{x}{3} + \dfrac{y}{4} = \dfrac{1}{2}, \\ \dfrac{x}{4} - \dfrac{y}{6} = -\dfrac{7}{4};\end{cases}$
(2)$\begin{cases}3(x + y) - 4(x - y) = -18, \\ \dfrac{x + y}{2} + \dfrac{x - y}{6} = 2.\end{cases}$
答案
10.(1)先将原方程组去分母整理:
原方程组化为$\begin{cases}4x + 3y = 6 & ①\\3x - 2y = -21 & ②\end{cases}$
①×2得:$8x + 6y = 12$ ③
②×3得:$9x - 6y = -63$ ④
③+④得:$17x = -51$,解得$x = -3$
把$x = -3$代入①得:$4×(-3) + 3y = 6$,解得$y = 6$
所以此方程组的解为$\begin{cases}x = -3\\y = 6\end{cases}$
(2)设$u = x + y$,$v = x - y$,原方程组化为:
$\begin{cases}3u - 4v = -18 & ①\\3u + v = 12 & ②\end{cases}$
②-①得:$5v = 30$,解得$v = 6$
把$v = 6$代入②得:$3u + 6 = 12$,解得$u = 2$
则$\begin{cases}x + y = 2\\x - y = 6\end{cases}$
两式相加得:$2x = 8$,解得$x = 4$
两式相减得:$2y = -4$,解得$y = -2$
所以此方程组的解为$\begin{cases}x = 4\\y = -2\end{cases}$
原方程组化为$\begin{cases}4x + 3y = 6 & ①\\3x - 2y = -21 & ②\end{cases}$
①×2得:$8x + 6y = 12$ ③
②×3得:$9x - 6y = -63$ ④
③+④得:$17x = -51$,解得$x = -3$
把$x = -3$代入①得:$4×(-3) + 3y = 6$,解得$y = 6$
所以此方程组的解为$\begin{cases}x = -3\\y = 6\end{cases}$
(2)设$u = x + y$,$v = x - y$,原方程组化为:
$\begin{cases}3u - 4v = -18 & ①\\3u + v = 12 & ②\end{cases}$
②-①得:$5v = 30$,解得$v = 6$
把$v = 6$代入②得:$3u + 6 = 12$,解得$u = 2$
则$\begin{cases}x + y = 2\\x - y = 6\end{cases}$
两式相加得:$2x = 8$,解得$x = 4$
两式相减得:$2y = -4$,解得$y = -2$
所以此方程组的解为$\begin{cases}x = 4\\y = -2\end{cases}$
11. 已知$\begin{cases}x = 3, \\ y = -2\end{cases}$是关于$x$,$y$的方程组$\begin{cases}ax + by = 3, \\ bx + ay = -7\end{cases}$的解,求代数式$(a + b)(a - b)$的值.
答案
11. 把$\begin{cases}x = 3,\\y = -2\end{cases}$代入方程组,得$\begin{cases}3a - 2b = 3①,\\3b - 2a = -7②.\end{cases}$由① + ②,得$a + b = -4$.由① - ②,得$5a - 5b = 10$,即$a - b = 2$.所以$(a + b)·(a - b) = -4×2 = -8$
12. 已知关于$x$,$y$的方程组$\begin{cases}2x + 5y = -6, \\ ax - by = -4\end{cases}$和$\begin{cases}3x - 5y = 16, \\ bx + ay = -8\end{cases}$的解相同,求代数式$3a + 7b$的值.
答案
12. 因为两个方程组的解相同,所以方程组$\begin{cases}2x + 5y = -6,\\3x - 5y = 16\end{cases}$的解是它们的公共解,解得$\begin{cases}x = 2,\\y = -2.\end{cases}$把这个解分别代入另外两个方程,组成方程组$\begin{cases}2a + 2b = -4,\\-2a + 2b = -8,\end{cases}$解得$\begin{cases}a = 1,\\b = -3.\end{cases}$所以$3a + 7b = -18$
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