训练2 体裁:说明文 主题:动物 难度: ★★★★★ 建议用时: 8 min 正确率: /10
Seven years ago, a dam(水坝) was planned in the Czech Republic. It would be built in the country's Vltava River area. The project received more than 1.4 million dollars, but it never started because local officials couldn't get the building permits(许可证) for it. In January, however, people found the project had been done by a family of eight beavers(河狸)! Beavers are the world's second-largest rodents. They can weigh up to 30 kilograms. These big animals are nature's great builders.
To make a dam, beavers first put sticks and wood into the mud of the riverbed to form a base. Then, they use materials such as rocks and mud to build the top of the base. They build the dam across the river to prevent the flow of water. This creates a large "beaver pool". Beavers can build their homes in these pools. Because of the pools, beavers can get plenty of food and enemies(敌人) can't harm them easily.
Beaver dams also make good homes for many other animals, such as fish and frogs, which helps keep the balance of nature. What's more, they work as natural firebreaks and help prevent flooding.
The beavers have built at least four dams in the Vltava River area. Some of these dams are very big. The biggest one on record lies in Canada. The 850-metre-long dam is so large that we can see it from space! "They picked perfect places to build their dams," said Jaroslav Obermajer, a local official. "Beavers' designs are always better than what humans design on paper!" Nature knows best, doesn't it?

1. about beavers
• They are the world's second-largest rodents.
• They are up to 30 kilograms in 2 .
• They are nature's great builders.
What beavers build in the Vltava River area
• A family of eight beavers built a dam in the Vltava River area, while the local officials couldn't make it done because of having 3 building permits.
• The beavers have built no 4 than four dams in the Vltava River area. They picked perfect places to build their dams and their designs are better than 5 .

6 beavers build their homes
• They use materials to form the base and build the top of the base.
• They build the dam across the river to 7 a large "beaver pool".
• They build homes in the pools, which offer them food and 8 them from enemies.
Why beavers' work is 9 to the environment
• Beaver pools make good homes for many other animals.
• Beaver dams can help stop 10 from spreading and prevent flooding.
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训练3 体裁:说明文 主题:文化保护 难度: ★★★★★ 建议用时: 9 min 正确率: /10
新素养·文化意识 Virtual(虚拟的) museums are nothing new these days.
Technology has allowed people to take trips to some of the world's greatest museums at home. Now how about a virtual visit to stolen art? In order to raise public awareness of culture heritage(遗产) protection, UNESCO is building the world's first virtual museum of stolen cultural artifacts(文物). "Behind every stolen work lies a piece of history," said UNESCO Director-General Audrey Azoulay. "We want to place these works back in the spotlight so that more people can notice them."
The virtual museum works as an educational tool. It will offer visitors 3D images of stolen artifacts. There will also be detailed information about their history. The project will be designed by Francis Kere. The architect won the famous Pritzker Architecture Prize in 2022.
When it is opened, the museum will present 600 pieces of artifacts. Visitors will be able to see an ivory relief from the 7th century BCE. The work of a lion attacking a man was stolen from the Baghdad Museum. A green stone mask looted from the Maya site of Rio Azul will also be on display.
"These are objects that once existed, but we don't know where they are now," said Ernesto Ottone. He is UNESCO's assistant director-general for culture. "We will exhibit them in a space where we can really tell the story and the context behind them."
"No one has imagined a museum like this," Azoulay said. "The presentation of each artwork is a deep dive into its universe, its culture, and the society that produced it," she added.
A Virtual Visit to Stolen Art
| Background | • Technology makes it 1 for us to go on a journey to the world's greatest museums without stepping out.
• Designers hope that every stolen work will attract more 2 so that people can learn about the history behind it. |
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| Design | • Francis Kere, the 3 of the famous Pritzker Architecture Prize, will design the project. |
| Artifacts | • The museum will 4 visitors with 3D images of stolen artifacts and information, about their history in detail.
• 600 pieces of artifacts will be presented in the museum. If you pay a visit, you can see 5 an ivory relief from the 7th century BCE and a green stone mask looted from the Maya site of Rio Azul. |
| 6 | • The presentation of each artwork makes the public 7 of culture heritage protection.
• Though these are objects that once existed, where they are now is 8 .
• The museum is 9 imagination. We can take a deep research, because each artwork 10 is a part of universe, culture, and the society that produced it. |

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训练4 体裁:说明文 主题:种植与养殖 难度: ★★★★★ 建议用时: 9 min 正确率: /10
Organic(有机的) gardeners use natural ways to keep their gardens healthy. Follow these steps to make your own organic garden.
Getting Ready for Your Garden
First, mark out how large your garden will be with ropes or stones. Don't make it too big. Next, dig up the soil. Take out large stones and weeds(杂草). Keep an eye out for earthworms. They dig tunnels in the soil, which allow air and water to reach a plant's roots. Finally, mix in some compost(混合肥料). You can make your own compost by using leaves, grass and vegetables which are of no use.
Planting Your Garden
Now that the soil is ready, you need to choose what to plant. If you are sowing seeds, use organic ones. If you are planting seedlings, choose organic plants that look strong and healthy. Make sure that the plants are not so close to each other. Therefore, they won't be too crowded as they grow.
Choose other plants with a special smell to drive pests away. For example, the garlic and cilantro drive away the beetles, spider mites and white flies. Some plants attract insects that attack pests. Aphids feed on the leaves of plants. In turn, insects such as ladybirds feed on the aphids, keeping the plants free of pests.
Taking Care of Your Garden
Weed your garden often. Remember to pull all the weeds out and not just the leaves. The weed will grow back again if some of the root is left behind.
Sometimes harmful insects attack even the best organic gardens. It is necessary to make natural sprays(喷雾) to drive those pests away. Spraying salt and warm water keeps caterpillars and cabbage worms away. Organic gardening is not only fun, but good for the planet as well. Growing vegetables is an enjoyable and useful activity.
1 to Make an Organic Garden
| 2 for Your Garden | • Use strings or stones to mark out the 3 of your garden.
• Dig and take out stones and weeds, but pay attention to earthworms.
• Mix in some compost with 4 leaves, grass and vegetables. |
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| Plant Your Garden | • Choose organic seeds and plants and remember to leave enough 5 between plants.
• Choose other plants that 6 a special smell to drive pests away. Some plants can keep the plants free of pests 7 they attract insects that attack pests. |
| Look 8 Your Garden | • Don't forget to pull the 9 weeds out and not just the leaves so that the weeds won't grow back again.
• Sometimes natural sprays are necessary to drive those pests away. |
| It is great fun to make an organic garden and it is 10 good for our planet. | |

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训练2答案：
1. Facts 根据表格右侧的内容可知，此处介绍河狸的事实；用复数形式表示泛指，小标题首字母大写。故填Facts。
2. weight 根据第一段“They can weigh up to 30 kilograms.”可知河狸的体重可达30公斤。故填weight。
3. no 根据第一段“The project received more than 1.4 million dollars, but it never started because local officials couldn't get the building permits for it.”可知由于当地官员无法获得建筑许可证，该项目从未开始。故填no。
4. less 根据最后一段“The beavers have built at least four dams in the Vltava River area.”可知河狸在伏尔塔瓦河地区至少建造了四座水坝;at least=no less than。故填less。
5. humans' 根据最后一段“Beavers' designs are always better than what humans design on paper!”可知河狸的设计比人类的设计更好；用所有格形式表示“人类的设计”。故填humans'。
6. How 根据表格右侧的内容可知，此处介绍河狸如何建造家园；小标题首字母大写。故填How。
7. create 根据第二段“They build the dam across the river to prevent the flow of water. This creates a large 'beaver pool'.”可知河狸建水坝以阻止水流，从而形成“河狸池”。故填create。
8. protect 根据第二段“Because of the pools, beavers can get plenty of food and enemies can't harm them easily.”可知池塘为河狸提供食物并保护它们免受敌人的侵害。故填protect。
9. helpful 根据第三段“Beaver dams also make good homes for many other animals ... What's more, they work as natural firebreaks and help prevent flooding.”和表格右侧的内容可知，此处介绍河狸的工作对环境有益。故填helpful。
10. fire 根据第三段“they work as natural firebreaks and help prevent flooding”可知河狸的水坝作为天然的防火带，可以阻止火灾蔓延。故填fire。
训练3答案：
1. possible 根据第二段“Technology has allowed people to take trips to some of the world's greatest museums at home.”可知科技让人们有可能足不出户地参观世界上一些最伟大的博物馆;make it+形容词+to do表示“使得做某事怎么样”。故填possible。
2. attention 根据第二段“We want to place these works back in the spotlight so that more people can notice them.”可知被盗文物虚拟博物馆希望被盗的艺术品能得到更多人的关注。故填attention。
3. winner 根据第三段“The project will be designed by Francis Kere. The architect won the famous Pritzker Architecture Prize in 2022.”可知弗朗西斯·凯雷是2022年普利兹克建筑奖的获得者。故填winner。
4. provide 根据第三段“It will offer visitors 3D images of stolen artifacts.”可知虚拟博物馆为游客提供被盗文物的3D图像;provide sb with sth表示“为某人提供某物”。故填provide。
5. both 根据第四段“Visitors will be able to see an ivory relief from the 7th century BCE.”和“A green stone mask looted from the Maya site of Rio Azul will also be on display.”可知参观者可以看到公元前7世纪的象牙浮雕和玛雅遗址中的绿色石头面具，即这两者都可看到;both ... and ...表示“两者都”。故填both。
6. Ideas/Thoughts 根据表格本行右侧的内容可知，此处介绍观点；根据“Background”这一列可知首字母需大写。故填Ideas/Thoughts。
7. aware 根据第二段“In order to raise public awareness of culture heritage protection ...”可知被盗文物虚拟博物馆为了让公众有文物保护的意识;aware of表示“意识到”。故填aware。
8. unknown/secret 根据第五段“These are objects that once existed, but we don't know where they are now”可知虽然这些艺术品曾经存在过，但是它们现在在哪里不得而知。故填unknown/secret。
9. beyond 根据最后一段“No one has imagined a museum like this”可知没有人想象过这样的博物馆，即超乎想象;beyond imagination表示“超乎想象”。故填beyond。
10. itself 根据最后一段“The presentation of each artwork is a deep dive into its universe, its culture, and the society that produced it”可知每件艺术品的展示都是对其宇宙、文化和产生它的社会的一次深度探索。此处作主语each artwork的同位语，用反身代词表示强调。故填itself。
训练4答案：
1. How/Ways 结合文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了如何通过自然的方式创建和维护有机花园；标题首字母需大写。故填How/Ways。
2. Prepare 根据小标题“Getting Ready for Your Garden”可知此处介绍花园的准备过程;get ready for=prepare for，根据“Plant”和“Look”可知此处应用动词原形且首字母需大写。故填Prepare。
3. size 根据第二段“First, mark out how large your garden will be with ropes or stones.”可知用绳子或石头标出花园的大小。故填size。
4. useless 根据第二段“You can make your own compost by using leaves, grass and vegetables which are of no use.”可知可以用没用的树叶、草和蔬菜制作自己的混合肥料;be of no use=be useless。故填useless。
5. space 根据第三段“Make sure that the plants are not so close to each other.”可知确保植物之间不要靠得太近，由此可知植物之间要留足够的空间。故填space。
6. have 根据第四段“Choose other plants with a special smell to drive pests away.”可知要选择一些有特殊气味的植物；先行词plants为复数，用动词原形。故填have。
7. because/as 根据第四段“Some plants attract insects that attack pests ... keeping the plants free of pests.”可知有些植物吸引攻击害虫的昆虫，蚜虫以植物的叶子为食，瓢虫等昆虫以蚜虫为食，使植物免受虫害，由此可知有些植物免受虫害，因为它们吸引了攻击害虫的昆虫。故填because/as。
8. after 根据小标题“Taking Care of Your Garden”可知此处介绍照顾花园;take care of=look after。故填after。
9. whole 根据第五段“Remember to pull all the weeds out and not just the leaves.”可知要拔掉完整的杂草。故填whole。
10. also 根据最后一段“Organic gardening is not only fun, but good for the planet as well.”可知有机花园不仅有趣，也对地球有好处;as well=also。故填also。

【分析】本题为任务型阅读理解题，解题思路如下：1. 通读三篇文章，明确每篇的主旨；2. 针对每个小题，定位到原文对应段落，提取关键信息；3. 结合表格的结构、空格前后的词性及搭配，对原文信息进行转换（如词性变化、同义词替换、固定搭配匹配等），从而确定答案。
【解析】训练2：1. 表格右侧介绍河狸的基本情况，对应“河狸的事实”，填Facts；2. 原文“they can weigh up to 30 kilograms”，转换为名词weight；3. 原文“couldn't get the building permits”，即没有许可证，填no；4. 原文“at least four dams”，对应固定搭配no less than，填less；5. 原文“Beavers' designs are always better than what humans design”，用所有格humans'表示“人类的设计”；6. 表格讲河狸建造家园的方式，填How；7. 原文“This creates a large 'beaver pool'”，填create；8. 原文“enemies can't harm them easily”，即保护河狸免受敌人侵害，填protect；9. 原文介绍河狸水坝对环境的益处，填helpful；10. 原文“they work as natural firebreaks and help prevent flooding”，对应阻止火灾蔓延，填fire。
训练3：1. 原文“Technology has allowed people to take trips to some of the world's greatest museums at home”，转换为possible（make it possible to do）；2. 原文“so that more people can notice them”，即让被盗艺术品获得更多关注，填attention；3. 原文“The architect won the famous Pritzker Architecture Prize”，填winner；4. 原文“It will offer visitors 3D images”，对应固定搭配provide sb with sth，填provide；5. 原文提到两个展品，对应both...and...结构，填both；6. 表格右侧介绍相关观点，填Ideas；7. 原文“raise public awareness of culture heritage protection”，转换为aware（be aware of）；8. 原文“we don't know where they are now”，填unknown；9. 原文“No one has imagined a museum like this”，对应beyond imagination（超乎想象），填beyond；10. 原文“each artwork is a deep dive into its universe”，用反身代词itself强调，填itself。
训练4：1. 文章主旨是介绍如何制作有机花园，填How；2. 对应小标题“Getting Ready for Your Garden”，转换为Prepare；3. 原文“mark out how large your garden”，即花园的大小，填size；4. 原文“leaves, grass and vegetables which are of no use”，转换为useless；5. 原文“plants are not so close to each other”，即植物间留足够空间，填space；6. 原文“Choose other plants with a special smell”，填have；7. 原文讲有些植物免受虫害的原因，填because；8. 对应小标题“Taking Care of Your Garden”，转换为after（look after）；9. 原文“pull all the weeds out and not just the leaves”，即拔掉完整的杂草，填whole；10. 原文“good for the planet as well”，对应also（as well）。
【答案】训练2：1. Facts 2. weight 3. no 4. less 5. humans' 6. How 7. create 8. protect 9. helpful 10. fire；训练3：1. possible 2. attention 3. winner 4. provide 5. both 6. Ideas 7. aware 8. unknown 9. beyond 10. itself；训练4：1. How 2. Prepare 3. size 4. useless 5. space 6. have 7. because 8. after 9. whole 10. also
【知识点】任务型阅读、细节理解、词义转换
【点评】本题为任务型阅读理解，考查学生快速定位原文信息、转换词义及匹配固定搭配的能力，需结合表格结构梳理文章内容，难度中等偏上。
【难度系数】0.5