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Ⅴ. 热考主题 减缓冰川融化的方法 阅读理解
Global climate change is a very important problem nowadays. The world is getting warmer and warmer. We can feel that the temperature is rising and in some places, the ice in high mountains is melting(融化). How can we slow down the melt? Some scientists are trying to solve the problem.
Wearing "clothes"
In the 1990s, people in Switzerland put white "blankets" on ski areas. The white colour can not only reflect(反射) the sunshine but also keep the ice cool. The blankets are made of wool. As a result, rain can go through the blankets and become ice. It can slow down the melt by about 50% to 70%. Today, the "blankets" in Switzerland cover 10,000 to 50,000 square metres of ice.
Painting the rocks
Farmers in the Andes Mountains in Peru use a similar idea. ▲ The paint is made of water, sand and soap. The soap helps it stick to the rocks. The white rocks can be $16°\mathrm{C}$ cooler than the dark rocks.
Creating snow
Scientists in an organization called Glaciers Alive turn to man-made snow for help in Switzerland. In winter, they use water from a small lake up in the mountain. The water goes down some pipes. On the pipes, there are shower heads. The water flows out from the pipes and becomes snow on the mountain.
If everyone can understand the importance of protecting the earth and take action at once, it will make a difference to the world.
1. Why did people make the blankets white?
A. The white colour has the feel of wool.
B. Rain can go through white blankets easily.
C. They want the blankets to look like the ice.
D. The white colour helps the ice get less sunshine.
2. From the passage, we can know .
A. the ice flows out from the pipes and becomes snow on the mountain
B. the white colour can not only reflect the sunshine but also keep the ice warm
C. the "blankets" in Switzerland cover 1,000 to 50,000 square metres of ice
D. the paint that farmers in the Andes Mountains use is made of water, sand and soap
3. What do scientists from Glaciers Alive do to slow down the melt?
A. They use water to create snow in winter.
B. They paint the rocks in Switzerland white.
C. They use small lakes to keep snow and ice.
D. They move rain up on the mountain with pipes.
4. 新考法 句子还原 Which of the following sentences can be put into the blank ▲?
A. Above 5,000 metres, they paint the rocks with white "paint".
B. The blankets can only reflect the sunshine and keep warm.
C. They don't like the white colour.
D. Above 5,000 metres, they paint the rocks with black "paint".
5. 新考法 推断文章主旨 What is the main idea of the passage?
A. People should make better use of the sunshine.
B. People from different countries are working in a team.
C. People are working hard to keep high mountains cool.
D. People are trying to stop the world from getting cooler.
Global climate change is a very important problem nowadays. The world is getting warmer and warmer. We can feel that the temperature is rising and in some places, the ice in high mountains is melting(融化). How can we slow down the melt? Some scientists are trying to solve the problem.
Wearing "clothes"
In the 1990s, people in Switzerland put white "blankets" on ski areas. The white colour can not only reflect(反射) the sunshine but also keep the ice cool. The blankets are made of wool. As a result, rain can go through the blankets and become ice. It can slow down the melt by about 50% to 70%. Today, the "blankets" in Switzerland cover 10,000 to 50,000 square metres of ice.
Painting the rocks
Farmers in the Andes Mountains in Peru use a similar idea. ▲ The paint is made of water, sand and soap. The soap helps it stick to the rocks. The white rocks can be $16°\mathrm{C}$ cooler than the dark rocks.
Creating snow
Scientists in an organization called Glaciers Alive turn to man-made snow for help in Switzerland. In winter, they use water from a small lake up in the mountain. The water goes down some pipes. On the pipes, there are shower heads. The water flows out from the pipes and becomes snow on the mountain.
If everyone can understand the importance of protecting the earth and take action at once, it will make a difference to the world.
1. Why did people make the blankets white?
A. The white colour has the feel of wool.
B. Rain can go through white blankets easily.
C. They want the blankets to look like the ice.
D. The white colour helps the ice get less sunshine.
2. From the passage, we can know .
A. the ice flows out from the pipes and becomes snow on the mountain
B. the white colour can not only reflect the sunshine but also keep the ice warm
C. the "blankets" in Switzerland cover 1,000 to 50,000 square metres of ice
D. the paint that farmers in the Andes Mountains use is made of water, sand and soap
3. What do scientists from Glaciers Alive do to slow down the melt?
A. They use water to create snow in winter.
B. They paint the rocks in Switzerland white.
C. They use small lakes to keep snow and ice.
D. They move rain up on the mountain with pipes.
4. 新考法 句子还原 Which of the following sentences can be put into the blank ▲?
A. Above 5,000 metres, they paint the rocks with white "paint".
B. The blankets can only reflect the sunshine and keep warm.
C. They don't like the white colour.
D. Above 5,000 metres, they paint the rocks with black "paint".
5. 新考法 推断文章主旨 What is the main idea of the passage?
A. People should make better use of the sunshine.
B. People from different countries are working in a team.
C. People are working hard to keep high mountains cool.
D. People are trying to stop the world from getting cooler.
答案
Ⅴ.［文章大意］本文主要介绍了全球气候变暖,瑞士人在滑雪场使用白色“毯子”和秘鲁农民在安第斯山脉用白色涂料涂岩石及人工造雪等方法来减缓冰川融化。
1. D ［解析］细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The white colour can not only reflect(反射) the sunshine but also keep the ice cool.”可知,白色有助于冰吸收较少的阳光。故选 D。
2. D ［解析］细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The paint is made of water, sand and soap.”可知,安第斯山脉的农民使用的涂料是由水、沙子和肥皂制成的。故选 D。
3. A ［解析］细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In winter, they use water from a small lake up in the mountain. The water goes down some pipes. On the pipes, there are shower heads. The water flows out from the pipes and becomes snow on the mountain.”可知,他们用水来造雪来减缓冰川融化。故选 A。
4. A ［解析］句子还原题。根据“The paint is made of water... The white rock...”可知,后文围绕“paint”和“white rocks”展开,说明空白处应引出“用白色涂料涂岩石”的行为。故选 A。
5. C ［解析］主旨大意题。通读全文及第一段中的“We can feel that the temperature is rising and in some places, the ice in high mountains is melting(融化). How can we slow down the melt? Some scientists are trying to solve the problem.”可知,本文主要讲述了全球气候变暖,人们正为减缓高山上的冰川融化想办法。故选 C。
1. D ［解析］细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The white colour can not only reflect(反射) the sunshine but also keep the ice cool.”可知,白色有助于冰吸收较少的阳光。故选 D。
2. D ［解析］细节理解题。根据第三段中的“The paint is made of water, sand and soap.”可知,安第斯山脉的农民使用的涂料是由水、沙子和肥皂制成的。故选 D。
3. A ［解析］细节理解题。根据第四段中的“In winter, they use water from a small lake up in the mountain. The water goes down some pipes. On the pipes, there are shower heads. The water flows out from the pipes and becomes snow on the mountain.”可知,他们用水来造雪来减缓冰川融化。故选 A。
4. A ［解析］句子还原题。根据“The paint is made of water... The white rock...”可知,后文围绕“paint”和“white rocks”展开,说明空白处应引出“用白色涂料涂岩石”的行为。故选 A。
5. C ［解析］主旨大意题。通读全文及第一段中的“We can feel that the temperature is rising and in some places, the ice in high mountains is melting(融化). How can we slow down the melt? Some scientists are trying to solve the problem.”可知,本文主要讲述了全球气候变暖,人们正为减缓高山上的冰川融化想办法。故选 C。
解析
【分析】
这是一篇围绕减缓冰川融化主题的科普类阅读理解，解题思路如下：1. 做细节类题目时，先提取题干中的关键词，返回原文对应段落定位相关语句，将选项和原文表述逐一比对，排除不符合的干扰项；2. 做句子还原题时，重点关注空白处前后文的核心线索，后文提到涂料成分、白色岩石温度更低，因此空白句需要和“涂白色颜料在岩石上”的主题呼应；3. 做主旨大意题时，通读全文，抓住开篇提出的“如何减缓高山冰川融化”的核心问题，梳理全文介绍的三类解决方法，归纳出文章核心主旨，避免被局部细节误导。
【解析】
逐题解析：
1. 第1题：定位原文第二段第二句“The white colour can not only reflect(反射) the sunshine but also keep the ice cool.”，白色可以反射阳光、让冰保持凉爽，也就是帮助冰接收更少的阳光。A选项“白色有羊毛的触感”原文未提及；B选项“雨水容易穿过白色毯子”是毯子材质的特点，和颜色为白色的原因无关；C选项“让毯子看起来像冰”原文无相关表述，因此选D。
2. 第2题：细节判断逐一核对选项：A选项“冰从管道流出变成雪”和原文第四段“水从管道流出变成雪”表述不符；B选项“白色可以给冰保温”和原文“保持冰凉爽”表述相反；C选项“覆盖面积是1000到50000平方米”和原文第二段“10000到50000平方米”数据不符；D选项“安第斯山脉农民用的涂料由水、沙子和肥皂制成”和第三段原文完全一致，因此选D。
3. 第3题：定位第四段Glaciers Alive的相关内容，可知他们冬天利用高山小湖的水，通过管道喷出形成人造雪来减缓冰川融化。B选项“在瑞士把岩石涂白”不是该组织的做法；C选项“用小湖存冰雪”原文无依据；D选项“用管道把雨水运上山”和原文表述不符，因此选A。
4. 第4题：空白处位于“给岩石涂色”的段落开头，后文紧接着介绍涂料成分、白色岩石比深色岩石温度低16℃，因此空白句需要引出“给岩石涂白色涂料”的行为。B选项和本段涂色主题无关，C选项“不喜欢白色”和后文逻辑矛盾，D选项“涂黑色涂料”和后文白色岩石的表述冲突，只有A选项符合上下文逻辑，因此选A。
5. 第5题：通读全文，文章开篇提出全球变暖、高山冰川融化的问题，随后介绍了不同国家的人们分别用盖白色保温毯、涂白岩石、人工造雪的方法尝试减缓冰川融化，本质是人们努力给高山降温，保护冰川。A选项“充分利用阳光”和原文反射阳光的逻辑相反；B选项“不同国家的人组队工作”原文未提及；D选项“阻止世界变冷”和原文阻止变暖的核心完全相反，因此选C。
【答案】
1. D 2. D 3. A 4. A 5. C
【知识点】
1. 细节理解
2. 语篇还原
3. 主旨归纳
【点评】
本题属于环保热考主题的阅读理解，既贴合当下全球气候变暖的热点，又设置了细节判断、句子还原、主旨归纳等多种常考题型，其中新增的句子还原和主旨推断新考法，能够锻炼学生的语篇逻辑梳理能力。解题时要牢记“细节题回文定位、还原题看前后线索、主旨题抓核心主题”的技巧，避免被局部错误信息误导，同时也能引导学生树立保护地球的环保意识。
【难度系数】
0.7
这是一篇围绕减缓冰川融化主题的科普类阅读理解，解题思路如下：1. 做细节类题目时，先提取题干中的关键词，返回原文对应段落定位相关语句，将选项和原文表述逐一比对，排除不符合的干扰项；2. 做句子还原题时，重点关注空白处前后文的核心线索，后文提到涂料成分、白色岩石温度更低，因此空白句需要和“涂白色颜料在岩石上”的主题呼应；3. 做主旨大意题时，通读全文，抓住开篇提出的“如何减缓高山冰川融化”的核心问题，梳理全文介绍的三类解决方法，归纳出文章核心主旨，避免被局部细节误导。
【解析】
逐题解析：
1. 第1题：定位原文第二段第二句“The white colour can not only reflect(反射) the sunshine but also keep the ice cool.”，白色可以反射阳光、让冰保持凉爽，也就是帮助冰接收更少的阳光。A选项“白色有羊毛的触感”原文未提及；B选项“雨水容易穿过白色毯子”是毯子材质的特点，和颜色为白色的原因无关；C选项“让毯子看起来像冰”原文无相关表述，因此选D。
2. 第2题：细节判断逐一核对选项：A选项“冰从管道流出变成雪”和原文第四段“水从管道流出变成雪”表述不符；B选项“白色可以给冰保温”和原文“保持冰凉爽”表述相反；C选项“覆盖面积是1000到50000平方米”和原文第二段“10000到50000平方米”数据不符；D选项“安第斯山脉农民用的涂料由水、沙子和肥皂制成”和第三段原文完全一致，因此选D。
3. 第3题：定位第四段Glaciers Alive的相关内容，可知他们冬天利用高山小湖的水，通过管道喷出形成人造雪来减缓冰川融化。B选项“在瑞士把岩石涂白”不是该组织的做法；C选项“用小湖存冰雪”原文无依据；D选项“用管道把雨水运上山”和原文表述不符，因此选A。
4. 第4题：空白处位于“给岩石涂色”的段落开头，后文紧接着介绍涂料成分、白色岩石比深色岩石温度低16℃，因此空白句需要引出“给岩石涂白色涂料”的行为。B选项和本段涂色主题无关，C选项“不喜欢白色”和后文逻辑矛盾，D选项“涂黑色涂料”和后文白色岩石的表述冲突，只有A选项符合上下文逻辑，因此选A。
5. 第5题：通读全文，文章开篇提出全球变暖、高山冰川融化的问题，随后介绍了不同国家的人们分别用盖白色保温毯、涂白岩石、人工造雪的方法尝试减缓冰川融化，本质是人们努力给高山降温，保护冰川。A选项“充分利用阳光”和原文反射阳光的逻辑相反；B选项“不同国家的人组队工作”原文未提及；D选项“阻止世界变冷”和原文阻止变暖的核心完全相反，因此选C。
【答案】
1. D 2. D 3. A 4. A 5. C
【知识点】
1. 细节理解
2. 语篇还原
3. 主旨归纳
【点评】
本题属于环保热考主题的阅读理解，既贴合当下全球气候变暖的热点，又设置了细节判断、句子还原、主旨归纳等多种常考题型，其中新增的句子还原和主旨推断新考法，能够锻炼学生的语篇逻辑梳理能力。解题时要牢记“细节题回文定位、还原题看前后线索、主旨题抓核心主题”的技巧，避免被局部错误信息误导，同时也能引导学生树立保护地球的环保意识。
【难度系数】
0.7
