Ⅰ. Complete the sentences with the correct forms of the words in brackets.
Then match them with the inventions.

()1. Before it (invent), sailors had to depend on the stars to find the right direction.
()2. At first, it (use) for making fireworks. At the end of the Tang Dynasty, people began to use it in wars.
()3. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, it (develop) by Cai Lun. He made paper with bark, ropes and rags.
()4. Bi Sheng carved characters on pieces of clay or wood, and then brushed ink on them. After the characters (print) on paper, the pieces could be reused.

1. B, was invented
2. C, was used
3. A, was developed
4. D, were printed

【分析】
首先，需先判断句子的时态和语态：句子描述古代发生的事件，主语（指代四大发明）是动作的承受者，因此使用一般过去时的被动语态（结构为was/were + 动词过去分词）；再结合句子语境匹配对应的四大发明：
1. 水手靠星星辨别方向，对应指南针（compass）；
2. 最初用于制作烟花，对应火药（gunpowder）；
3. 蔡伦改进造纸术，对应造纸术（papermaking）；
4. 毕昇的活字印刷工艺，对应印刷术（printing）。
【解析】
1. 第一句：主语it指代指南针，与动词invent是被动关系，时态为一般过去时，故填was invented；匹配发明B（compass）。
2. 第二句：主语it指代火药，与动词use是被动关系，时态为一般过去时，故填was used；匹配发明C（gunpowder）。
3. 第三句：主语it指代造纸术，与动词develop是被动关系，时态为一般过去时，故填was developed；匹配发明A（papermaking）。
4. 第四句：主语characters是复数，与动词print是被动关系，时态为一般过去时，故填were printed；匹配发明D（printing）。
【答案】
1. B, was invented
2. C, was used
3. A, was developed
4. D, were printed
【知识点】
一般过去时的被动语态；四大发明的英文对应
【点评】
本题结合中国古代四大发明的文化常识，考查一般过去时被动语态的用法，既巩固了语法知识，又拓展了文化认知，属于基础跨学科题目。
【难度系数】
0.5

Ⅱ. Rewrite the sentences using the passive voice and answer the question.
1. A few thousand years ago, people invented the wheel.

2. Thomas Edison created the first practical light bulb.

3. The Wright brothers built the first powered aircraft in 1903.

4. Dr Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin(青霉素) in 1928.

5. In your opinion, what is the most important invention, and why?

1. A few thousand years ago, the wheel was invented (by people).
2. The first practical light bulb was created by Thomas Edison.
3. The first powered aircraft was built by the Wright brothers in 1903.
4. Penicillin was discovered by Dr Alexander Fleming in 1928.
5. One possible version: I think the computer is the most important invention because it helps us learn new things, connect with others and work faster. Almost every job today uses computers, so they make our lives much easier and more convenient.

【分析】
本题要求将主动句转换为一般过去时的被动语态，需遵循主动变被动的规则：把主动句的宾语变为被动句的主语，主动句的主语变为by的宾语（可省略），时态保持原句的一般过去时，被动结构为“was/were + 动词过去分词”；第5题为开放性问题，需结合自身观点合理作答。
【解析】
1. 原句主动结构：主语people，宾语the wheel，时态一般过去时。转换时将the wheel作被动主语，wheel为单数，用was，invent的过去分词为invented，故答案为A few thousand years ago, the wheel was invented (by people).
2. 原句主动结构：主语Thomas Edison，宾语the first practical light bulb，时态一般过去时。转换后宾语作被动主语，单数用was，create的过去分词为created，故答案为The first practical light bulb was created by Thomas Edison.
3. 原句主动结构：主语The Wright brothers，宾语the first powered aircraft，时态一般过去时。转换后宾语作被动主语，单数用was，build的过去分词为built，时间状语in 1903保留，故答案为The first powered aircraft was built by the Wright brothers in 1903.
4. 原句主动结构：主语Dr Alexander Fleming，宾语penicillin，时态一般过去时。转换后宾语作被动主语，penicillin为不可数名词，用was，discover的过去分词为discovered，时间状语in 1928保留，故答案为Penicillin was discovered by Dr Alexander Fleming in 1928.
5. 开放性问题，需表达合理观点，示例答案为I think the computer is the most important invention because it helps us learn new things, connect with others and work faster. Almost every job today uses computers, so they make our lives much easier and more convenient.
【答案】
1. A few thousand years ago, the wheel was invented (by people).
2. The first practical light bulb was created by Thomas Edison.
3. The first powered aircraft was built by the Wright brothers in 1903.
4. Penicillin was discovered by Dr Alexander Fleming in 1928.
5. I think the computer is the most important invention because it helps us learn new things, connect with others and work faster. Almost every job today uses computers, so they make our lives much easier and more convenient.
【知识点】
一般过去时的被动语态；开放性问题回答
【点评】
本题重点考查一般过去时被动语态的转换规则，需准确掌握被动结构的构成，第5题需结合实际合理表达观点，整体为基础语法应用类题目。
【难度系数】
0.6

Ⅲ. Read and complete the tasks.
A. Complete the passage with the correct forms of the words in brackets.
In recent years, robot shows have brought wonderful surprises to the CCTV Spring Festival Gala. From Yang BOT to Wu BOT, we can see great progress in Chinese technology. Traditional culture has also 1. (find) a perfect match with modern science and technology.
In 2025, the Yang BOT show became a hit. Thirty-two robots wearing colourful traditional Chinese clothes danced with red handkerchiefs (手绢). These robots, moving together perfectly, 2. (make) in China. Lucky patterns (图案) like “Rich Flowers” and “Good Harvest” could 3. (create) by them. Each robot was about 1.2 metres tall and could move their knees almost like humans, jumping and walking in ways that looked both robotic and alive. But as the director said, “When the robots waved the red silk, it wasn’t about cool machines— ▲ ”.
In 2026, the Wu BOT show took it to a new level. In the show, martial arts 4. (perform) by these robots together with students from Tagou Martial Arts School. Difficult moves 5. (do) neatly by them. Some 1.8-metre-tall H2 robots wore red robes and looked just like real martial arts masters. They even 6. (complete) high-dynamic moves while running.
From soft yangko to powerful martial arts, these robots won loud applause. They not only show China’s rapid technology development but also help 7. (spread) traditional Chinese culture. For us students, they let us feel the charm of technology and the joy of the Spring Festival deeply.
B. Answer the questions.
()1. Which italic (斜体) word in the following sentences has the same meaning as the underlined word “hit” in Paragraph 2?
A. I was hit by a falling stone on the way home.
B. The new cartoon movie is a big hit among children.
C. She hit the ball too hard and it went out of the court.
D. The local farmers took a hit because of the heavy storm.
()2. Which sentence can best fill in the blank in the second paragraph?
A. it showed how old traditions can live on in new ways.
B. it proved that robots could take the place of human dancers.
C. it was a way to make the show look more expensive and modern.
D. it showed that China has the newest robot technology in the world.
3. Why did these robots win loud applause?

A. 1. found
2. were made
3. be created
4. were performed
5. were done
6. completed
7. (to) spread
B. 1. B
2. A
3. One possible version: They won loud applause because they not only show China's rapid technology development but also help spread traditional Chinese culture.

【分析】
A部分解题思路：1. 第1题，句中有助动词has，为现在完成时结构，需用动词过去分词，故填found；2. 第2题，主语robots与make是被动关系，描述2025年的过去动作，用一般过去时被动语态，故填were made；3. 第3题，主语patterns与create是被动关系，情态动词could后接被动结构be+过去分词，故填be created；4. 第4题，主语martial arts与perform是被动关系，描述2026年的过去动作，用一般过去时被动语态，故填were performed；5. 第5题，主语moves与do是被动关系，描述过去动作，用一般过去时被动语态，故填were done；6. 描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，故填completed；7. 固定搭配help (to) do sth，故填(to) spread。
B部分解题思路：1. 先确定原文中hit意为“受欢迎的事物”，分析选项：A、C、D中hit为“击打”，B中hit为“受欢迎的事物”，故选B；2. 前文否定“酷机器”，需体现传统与现代结合的意义，A选项符合语境，故选A；3. 从最后一段提取原因：机器人不仅展示中国快速科技发展，还帮助传播中国传统文化，据此作答。
【解析】
A. 1. 现在完成时结构“has+过去分词”，故用find的过去分词found；
2. 主语robots是make的承受者，时态为一般过去时，故用一般过去时被动语态were made；
3. 主语patterns是create的承受者，情态动词could后接被动结构be+过去分词，故填be created；
4. 主语martial arts是perform的承受者，时态为一般过去时，故用一般过去时被动语态were performed；
5. 主语moves是do的承受者，时态为一般过去时，故用一般过去时被动语态were done；
6. 描述过去动作，用一般过去时，故填complete的过去式completed；
7. 固定搭配help (to) do sth，故填(to) spread；
B. 1. 原文中hit意为“受欢迎的事物”，选项B中hit含义一致，其余选项为“击打”，故选B；
2. 前文否定“酷机器”，A选项体现传统以新方式延续，符合逻辑，故选A；
3. 从最后一段“They not only show China's rapid technology development but also help spread traditional Chinese culture.”提取原因，组织语言作答。
【答案】
A. 1. found；2. were made；3. be created；4. were performed；5. were done；6. completed；7. (to) spread
B. 1. B；2. A；3. They won loud applause because they not only show China's rapid technology development but also help spread traditional Chinese culture.
【知识点】
一般过去时被动语态；现在完成时；词义辨析
【点评】
本题为综合英语运用题，涵盖语法填空与阅读理解，考查基础语法、固定搭配、词汇词义及语篇细节理解，是初中英语常见题型，注重知识应用。
【难度系数】
0.6