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Sima Guang and the Broken Vat
Long ago in China， there was a clever boy named Sima Guang. One day， he was playing in the garden with his friends. They were running and laughing near a large， tall water vat(大缸).
Suddenly， a terrible thing happened. One of the children climbed onto the vat， slipped(滑倒)， and fell into the deep water inside! He was drowning(溺水). The other children saw this and were very frightened. Some started crying， and some ran away to find an adult. They were all in a panic.
But Sima Guang stayed calm. He knew he had to act quickly. He looked around and saw a large， heavy stone. He did not try to pull his friend out from the top. Instead， he used all his strength to lift the stone and threw it at the vat. With a loud crash(破碎声)， the vat broke， and the water rushed out. His wet friend crawled(爬) out to safety.
This famous story teaches us a valuable lesson： when facing an emergency， it is important to stay calm and use your mind to find a smart solution， rather than just acting in panic.
(
A. A heavy stick.
B. A large， heavy stone.
C. Another smaller vat.
D. His own hands and feet.
(
A. excited. B. worried.
C. disappointed. D. scared.
(
A. He did not like his friend.
B. He was not strong enough to pull his friend out.
C. He thought breaking the vat was a quicker and better way to save his friend.
D. He wanted to show off his strength to the other children.
(
A. We should run away when in trouble.
B. It is important to always play with friends.
C. In an emergency， staying calm and thinking smart is important.
D. Strength is more important than intelligence.
Sima Guang and the Broken Vat
Long ago in China， there was a clever boy named Sima Guang. One day， he was playing in the garden with his friends. They were running and laughing near a large， tall water vat(大缸).
Suddenly， a terrible thing happened. One of the children climbed onto the vat， slipped(滑倒)， and fell into the deep water inside! He was drowning(溺水). The other children saw this and were very frightened. Some started crying， and some ran away to find an adult. They were all in a panic.
But Sima Guang stayed calm. He knew he had to act quickly. He looked around and saw a large， heavy stone. He did not try to pull his friend out from the top. Instead， he used all his strength to lift the stone and threw it at the vat. With a loud crash(破碎声)， the vat broke， and the water rushed out. His wet friend crawled(爬) out to safety.
This famous story teaches us a valuable lesson： when facing an emergency， it is important to stay calm and use your mind to find a smart solution， rather than just acting in panic.
(
B
)5. What did Sima Guang use to break the large water vat?A. A heavy stick.
B. A large， heavy stone.
C. Another smaller vat.
D. His own hands and feet.
(
D
)6. The under lined word "frightened" means scared
.A. excited. B. worried.
C. disappointed. D. scared.
(
C
)7. Why did Sima Guang choose to break the vat instead of pulling his friend out from the top?A. He did not like his friend.
B. He was not strong enough to pull his friend out.
C. He thought breaking the vat was a quicker and better way to save his friend.
D. He wanted to show off his strength to the other children.
(
C
)8. What can we learn from the story?A. We should run away when in trouble.
B. It is important to always play with friends.
C. In an emergency， staying calm and thinking smart is important.
D. Strength is more important than intelligence.
答案
5 - 8 BDCC
解析
【解析】
5. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“He looked around and saw a large， heavy stone. He did not try to pull his friend out from the top. Instead, he used all his strength to lift the stone and threw it at the vat.”可知，司马光用一块又大又重的石头砸破了水缸，故选B。
6. 词义猜测题。根据第二段语境，一个孩子溺水后，其他孩子有的哭、有的跑去找大人，处于恐慌状态，可推测“frightened”意为“害怕的”，与scared意思相近，故选D。
7. 细节理解题。根据第三段“But Sima Guang stayed calm. He knew he had to act quickly.”以及他的行动可知，司马光认为打破水缸是更快更好的救朋友的方法，故选C。
8. 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“This famous story teaches us a valuable lesson： when facing an emergency， it is important to stay calm and use your mind to find a smart solution， rather than just acting in panic.”可知，故事告诉我们遇到紧急情况时要保持冷静、机智应对，故选C。
【答案】
5-8 BDCC
【知识点】
细节理解题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题
【点评】
本文以“司马光砸缸”的经典故事为载体，设置了不同类型的阅读理解题目，既考查学生对文章细节信息的提取能力，又考查词义推测和主旨归纳能力，同时传递了遇到紧急情况要冷静机智的道理。
【难度系数】
0.8
5. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“He looked around and saw a large， heavy stone. He did not try to pull his friend out from the top. Instead, he used all his strength to lift the stone and threw it at the vat.”可知，司马光用一块又大又重的石头砸破了水缸，故选B。
6. 词义猜测题。根据第二段语境，一个孩子溺水后，其他孩子有的哭、有的跑去找大人，处于恐慌状态，可推测“frightened”意为“害怕的”，与scared意思相近，故选D。
7. 细节理解题。根据第三段“But Sima Guang stayed calm. He knew he had to act quickly.”以及他的行动可知，司马光认为打破水缸是更快更好的救朋友的方法，故选C。
8. 主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“This famous story teaches us a valuable lesson： when facing an emergency， it is important to stay calm and use your mind to find a smart solution， rather than just acting in panic.”可知，故事告诉我们遇到紧急情况时要保持冷静、机智应对，故选C。
【答案】
5-8 BDCC
【知识点】
细节理解题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题
【点评】
本文以“司马光砸缸”的经典故事为载体，设置了不同类型的阅读理解题目，既考查学生对文章细节信息的提取能力，又考查词义推测和主旨归纳能力，同时传递了遇到紧急情况要冷静机智的道理。
【难度系数】
0.8
C
Many teens today face small but annoying health problems because of their daily habits—like spending hours on screens， sitting in bad postures， or staying up late. These little habits can add up to discomfort or even long-term issues if not cared for. Here are three common problems and easy ways to deal with them：
Dry Eyes： Many teens spend hours on phones or computers. This makes eyes dry and tired. Try to rest eyes every 40 minutes—look at things 6 meters away for 5 minutes. Drink more water daily， too.
Neck Pain： Bending over desks to study or looking down at phones often causes neck pain. Keep your back straight when sitting， and hold phones at eye level. Do neck stretches every day.
Sleep Loss： Staying up late for games or homework leads to poor sleep. It makes you tired in class and weakens immunity. Go to bed before 10：30 pm and avoid screens an hour before sleep.
(
A. Drink more water.
B. Look at things 6 meters away for 5 minutes.
C. Do neck stretches.
D. Avoid screens before sleep.
(
A. Drinking too little water.
B. Staying up late.
C. Bending over desks to study.
D. Looking at far away things.
(
A. Teens can use phones for 5 hours non-stop.
B. Neck pain comes from sitting straight.
C. Screens before bed are not good for sleep.
D. Dry eyes only happen to adults.
(
A. How to use phones properly.
B. Common health issues for teens and solutions.
C. Ways to improve sleep quality.
D. Why teens have neck pain.
Many teens today face small but annoying health problems because of their daily habits—like spending hours on screens， sitting in bad postures， or staying up late. These little habits can add up to discomfort or even long-term issues if not cared for. Here are three common problems and easy ways to deal with them：
Dry Eyes： Many teens spend hours on phones or computers. This makes eyes dry and tired. Try to rest eyes every 40 minutes—look at things 6 meters away for 5 minutes. Drink more water daily， too.
Neck Pain： Bending over desks to study or looking down at phones often causes neck pain. Keep your back straight when sitting， and hold phones at eye level. Do neck stretches every day.
Sleep Loss： Staying up late for games or homework leads to poor sleep. It makes you tired in class and weakens immunity. Go to bed before 10：30 pm and avoid screens an hour before sleep.
(
B
)9. What should you do to relieve dry eyes after using phones for 40 minutes?A. Drink more water.
B. Look at things 6 meters away for 5 minutes.
C. Do neck stretches.
D. Avoid screens before sleep.
(
C
)10. Which of the following is a cause of neck pain?A. Drinking too little water.
B. Staying up late.
C. Bending over desks to study.
D. Looking at far away things.
(
C
)11. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Teens can use phones for 5 hours non-stop.
B. Neck pain comes from sitting straight.
C. Screens before bed are not good for sleep.
D. Dry eyes only happen to adults.
(
B
)12. What's the main idea of the passage?A. How to use phones properly.
B. Common health issues for teens and solutions.
C. Ways to improve sleep quality.
D. Why teens have neck pain.
答案
9 - 12 BCCB
解析
【翻译】
9. 根据文中Dry Eyes部分的内容“Try to rest eyes every 40 minutes—look at things 6 meters away for 5 minutes.”可知，使用手机40分钟后，应该看6米外的东西5分钟来缓解干眼症，故选B。
10. 根据文中Neck Pain部分的内容“Bending over desks to study or looking down at phones often causes neck pain.”可知，弯腰趴在桌上学习是脖子疼的原因之一，故选C。
11. A选项：文中建议每40分钟休息眼睛，不能连续用5小时手机，错误；B选项：坐直是缓解脖子疼的方法，不是脖子疼的原因，错误；C选项：根据Sleep Loss部分的“avoid screens an hour before sleep”可知，睡前看屏幕对睡眠不好，正确；D选项：文中提到很多青少年有干眼症，并非只发生在成年人身上，错误。故选C。
12. 文章开头指出青少年因日常习惯面临一些健康问题，随后介绍了干眼症、脖子疼、睡眠不足这三个常见问题及其解决办法，所以主旨是青少年常见健康问题及解决办法，故选B。
【答案】
9-12 BCCB
【知识点】
细节信息查找、主旨大意判断
【点评】
本文是一篇健康类说明文，介绍了青少年因不良日常习惯引发的三种常见健康问题及对应解决方法。题目侧重考查对文章细节的提取和主旨的把握，需学生精准定位原文内容进行判断。
【难度系数】
0.7
由于他们的日常习惯，比如长时间看屏幕、坐姿不端正或熬夜，许多青少年现在都面临着小而恼人的健康问题。如果不加以注意，这些小习惯会累积成不适，甚至是长期的问题。这里有三个常见的问题和简单的处理方法：
干涩的眼睛：许多青少年花很多时间在手机或电脑上。这会使眼睛干涩和疲劳。试着每隔40分钟让眼睛休息一下——看6米外的东西5分钟。每天也要多喝水。
颈部疼痛：弯腰学习或低头看手机经常会导致颈部疼痛。坐着的时候保持背部挺直，把手机放在与眼睛平齐的位置。每天做颈部伸展运动。
睡眠不足：熬夜玩游戏或做作业会导致睡眠不足。它会让你在课堂上感到疲倦，削弱免疫力。晚上10点半之前上床睡觉，睡前一小时不要看屏幕。
【解析】9. 根据文中Dry Eyes部分的内容“Try to rest eyes every 40 minutes—look at things 6 meters away for 5 minutes.”可知，使用手机40分钟后，应该看6米外的东西5分钟来缓解干眼症，故选B。
10. 根据文中Neck Pain部分的内容“Bending over desks to study or looking down at phones often causes neck pain.”可知，弯腰趴在桌上学习是脖子疼的原因之一，故选C。
11. A选项：文中建议每40分钟休息眼睛，不能连续用5小时手机，错误；B选项：坐直是缓解脖子疼的方法，不是脖子疼的原因，错误；C选项：根据Sleep Loss部分的“avoid screens an hour before sleep”可知，睡前看屏幕对睡眠不好，正确；D选项：文中提到很多青少年有干眼症，并非只发生在成年人身上，错误。故选C。
12. 文章开头指出青少年因日常习惯面临一些健康问题，随后介绍了干眼症、脖子疼、睡眠不足这三个常见问题及其解决办法，所以主旨是青少年常见健康问题及解决办法，故选B。
【答案】
9-12 BCCB
【知识点】
细节信息查找、主旨大意判断
【点评】
本文是一篇健康类说明文，介绍了青少年因不良日常习惯引发的三种常见健康问题及对应解决方法。题目侧重考查对文章细节的提取和主旨的把握，需学生精准定位原文内容进行判断。
【难度系数】
0.7
