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A 夯实基础
一、根据汉语意思写单词。
1. The factory uses cotton to make T-shirts and
2. It's not polite to read others'
3. A book review can often tell me
4. Learning about local
5. His sister is
一、根据汉语意思写单词。
1. The factory uses cotton to make T-shirts and
blouses
(女式衬衫).2. It's not polite to read others'
private
(私人的) emails.3. A book review can often tell me
whether
(是否) a book is worth reading or not.4. Learning about local
customs
(习俗) helps us respect the host family better.5. His sister is
married
(已婚的) and has a lovely daughter.答案
1. blouses 2. private 3. whether 4. customs 5. married
解析
【分析】
我们可以结合语境、语法规则和固定搭配来逐一解题：
1. 第1题中，and连接并列成分，前面T-shirts是复数形式，“女式衬衫”对应的单词也要用复数形式；
2. 第2题需要一个形容词修饰名词emails，“私人的”对应的形容词符合要求；
3. 第3题中，“是否”与后面的or not搭配，固定要用whether，这是英语中的固定搭配规则；
4. 第4题中，“习俗”通常表示多种，且local修饰的可数名词常用复数形式；
5. 第5题中，be动词is后需要形容词作表语，“已婚的”对应的形容词符合系表结构要求。
【解析】
1. 根据汉语提示“女式衬衫”可知单词为blouse，由于and连接的并列宾语T-shirts是复数形式，因此此处填blouse的复数形式blouses；
2. “私人的”对应的形容词是private，用来修饰后面的名词emails，作定语，所以填private；
3. 表示“是否”且与or not搭配时，固定使用whether，因此填whether；
4. “习俗”是custom，结合语境指当地的多种习俗，所以用复数形式customs；
5. “已婚的”是形容词married，在be动词is之后作表语，构成系表结构，故填married。
【答案】
1. blouses 2. private 3. whether 4. customs 5. married
【知识点】
名词复数形式、形容词用法、whether固定搭配
【点评】
本题属于英语基础词汇考查题，涵盖了名词单复数变化、形容词的定语和表语用法、固定搭配等核心基础知识点，紧密结合语境和语法规则设置题目，有助于巩固学生的英语基础词汇和语法应用能力。
【难度系数】
0.8
我们可以结合语境、语法规则和固定搭配来逐一解题：
1. 第1题中，and连接并列成分，前面T-shirts是复数形式，“女式衬衫”对应的单词也要用复数形式；
2. 第2题需要一个形容词修饰名词emails，“私人的”对应的形容词符合要求；
3. 第3题中，“是否”与后面的or not搭配，固定要用whether，这是英语中的固定搭配规则；
4. 第4题中，“习俗”通常表示多种，且local修饰的可数名词常用复数形式；
5. 第5题中，be动词is后需要形容词作表语，“已婚的”对应的形容词符合系表结构要求。
【解析】
1. 根据汉语提示“女式衬衫”可知单词为blouse，由于and连接的并列宾语T-shirts是复数形式，因此此处填blouse的复数形式blouses；
2. “私人的”对应的形容词是private，用来修饰后面的名词emails，作定语，所以填private；
3. 表示“是否”且与or not搭配时，固定使用whether，因此填whether；
4. “习俗”是custom，结合语境指当地的多种习俗，所以用复数形式customs；
5. “已婚的”是形容词married，在be动词is之后作表语，构成系表结构，故填married。
【答案】
1. blouses 2. private 3. whether 4. customs 5. married
【知识点】
名词复数形式、形容词用法、whether固定搭配
【点评】
本题属于英语基础词汇考查题，涵盖了名词单复数变化、形容词的定语和表语用法、固定搭配等核心基础知识点，紧密结合语境和语法规则设置题目，有助于巩固学生的英语基础词汇和语法应用能力。
【难度系数】
0.8
二、用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
6. The little girl dresses
7. Start of Summer，the seventh solar term，means the
8. It's
9. My sister can speak several languages. For example，she can speak Italian and
10. It is important for me
6. The little girl dresses
nicely
(nice) for the party.7. Start of Summer，the seventh solar term，means the
arrival
(arrive) of summer.8. It's
surprising
(surprise) that the little boy cooked by himself.9. My sister can speak several languages. For example，she can speak Italian and
French
(France).10. It is important for me
to get
(get) up early and go to school on time.答案
6. nicely 7. arrival 8. surprising 9. French 10. to get
解析
【分析】
我们逐题梳理解题思路：
1. 第6题：句中dresses是动词dress的第三人称单数形式，修饰动词需用副词，因此要将形容词nice转换为副词形式。
2. 第7题：定冠词the后一般接名词，arrive是动词，需转换为名词形式来表达“夏天的到来”这一含义。
3. 第8题：此句是“It's + 形容词 + that从句”的句型，此处修饰的是“小男孩自己做饭”这件事，修饰事物要用-ing形式的形容词，要注意区分修饰人的-ed形式形容词。
4. 第9题：前文提到“several languages（几种语言）”，Italian是意大利语，所以要把名词France转换成表示对应语言的名词。
5. 第10题：考查固定句型“It is + 形容词 + for sb to do sth”，该句型中需用动词不定式形式。
【解析】
6. 空格处用来修饰动词dresses，副词可修饰动词，nice的副词形式是nicely，故填nicely。
7. 定冠词the后接名词，arrive的名词形式是arrival，the arrival of summer表示“夏天的到来”，故填arrival。
8. 此处修饰“小男孩自己做饭”这件事，surprising用于修饰事物，意为“令人惊讶的”，符合语境，故填surprising。
9. 根据前文“speak several languages”可知，此处要填表示语言的名词，France对应的语言是French（法语），故填French。
10. 考查固定句型“It is + 形容词 + for sb to do sth”，所以此处用动词不定式to get，故填to get。
【答案】
6. nicely 7. arrival 8. surprising 9. French 10. to get
【知识点】
1. 副词修饰动词
2. 词性转换
3. 固定句型运用
【点评】
这道题聚焦英语基础知识点，涵盖词性转换规则、-ed/-ing形容词辨析、固定句型等内容，要求学生熟练掌握常见词性变化规律和常用固定搭配，是对英语基础知识掌握程度的常规考查。
【难度系数】
0.7
我们逐题梳理解题思路：
1. 第6题：句中dresses是动词dress的第三人称单数形式，修饰动词需用副词，因此要将形容词nice转换为副词形式。
2. 第7题：定冠词the后一般接名词，arrive是动词，需转换为名词形式来表达“夏天的到来”这一含义。
3. 第8题：此句是“It's + 形容词 + that从句”的句型，此处修饰的是“小男孩自己做饭”这件事，修饰事物要用-ing形式的形容词，要注意区分修饰人的-ed形式形容词。
4. 第9题：前文提到“several languages（几种语言）”，Italian是意大利语，所以要把名词France转换成表示对应语言的名词。
5. 第10题：考查固定句型“It is + 形容词 + for sb to do sth”，该句型中需用动词不定式形式。
【解析】
6. 空格处用来修饰动词dresses，副词可修饰动词，nice的副词形式是nicely，故填nicely。
7. 定冠词the后接名词，arrive的名词形式是arrival，the arrival of summer表示“夏天的到来”，故填arrival。
8. 此处修饰“小男孩自己做饭”这件事，surprising用于修饰事物，意为“令人惊讶的”，符合语境，故填surprising。
9. 根据前文“speak several languages”可知，此处要填表示语言的名词，France对应的语言是French（法语），故填French。
10. 考查固定句型“It is + 形容词 + for sb to do sth”，所以此处用动词不定式to get，故填to get。
【答案】
6. nicely 7. arrival 8. surprising 9. French 10. to get
【知识点】
1. 副词修饰动词
2. 词性转换
3. 固定句型运用
【点评】
这道题聚焦英语基础知识点，涵盖词性转换规则、-ed/-ing形容词辨析、固定句型等内容，要求学生熟练掌握常见词性变化规律和常用固定搭配，是对英语基础知识掌握程度的常规考查。
【难度系数】
0.7
三、阅读理解。
In the eyes of many foreigners，Chinese are the best hosts and the worst guests in the world. Actually，they're not really bad guests. As the guest-host relationship in China is quite different from that in some Western counties，it appears they are not nice guests. A Western guest sometimes looks rude in the eyes of Chinese guests.
In China，guests are almost like gods. Whenever I enter Chinese people's homes，there is always fruit on the table for me，and someone is quick to bring me a cup of tea or water. In the west，generally the guest is not a god. Acting according to the host's way of doing things is usual behaviour for a guest.
My wife's mother，a very kind elderly Chinese lady，doesn't smoke. When I see some of her guests smoking in her house，as a non-smoker，I feel unhappy. Usually，I will stop them directly，but I must realize that in China，to be a good host，she must not do that. In most homes of North America，if you are a guest，and the hosts are not smokers，you should not smoke in their houses. At the very least，you could ask，"Is it OK if I smoke?" But，don't be surprised if they say，"No，you can't smoke." In our culture，if you smoke in their homes，you are a bad guest，but if they don't allow you to smoke in their homes，they are not a rude host.
Guests in China also have special habits. Some Western people may not adapt to these habits very soon. Thankfully，my wife is Chinese，so whenever we visit a Chinese family，she tells me to buy them a gift. However，giving a gift to a host is not always necessary in my country. So，if you invite international guests to your home，don't be too surprised if they don't bring you a gift. In China，you probably won't need to change the guest-host relationship very much because you will probably only be the host，and Chinese are naturally very good hosts. If Western hosts invite you to their houses，try not to be too surprised if their styles of treating you are not what you have expected.
(
A. It's OK if you smoke here.
B. Let's smoke together.
C. Sorry，you can't smoke here.
D. Smoking is a bad habit.
(
A. Think back to.
B. Get used to.
C. Look forward to.
D. Keep close to.
(
A. You feel surprised if your international guests don't bring you a gift to your home.
B. The writer often smokes in his mother's house.
C. You are a bad guest if the North Americans allow you to smoke in their houses.
D. Guests are almost like gods in China.
(
A. Foreigners should learn from Chinese.
B. Hosts must do things in the guest's way.
C. Western hosts are always nice to guests.
D. People should understand cultural differences.
In the eyes of many foreigners，Chinese are the best hosts and the worst guests in the world. Actually，they're not really bad guests. As the guest-host relationship in China is quite different from that in some Western counties，it appears they are not nice guests. A Western guest sometimes looks rude in the eyes of Chinese guests.
In China，guests are almost like gods. Whenever I enter Chinese people's homes，there is always fruit on the table for me，and someone is quick to bring me a cup of tea or water. In the west，generally the guest is not a god. Acting according to the host's way of doing things is usual behaviour for a guest.
My wife's mother，a very kind elderly Chinese lady，doesn't smoke. When I see some of her guests smoking in her house，as a non-smoker，I feel unhappy. Usually，I will stop them directly，but I must realize that in China，to be a good host，she must not do that. In most homes of North America，if you are a guest，and the hosts are not smokers，you should not smoke in their houses. At the very least，you could ask，"Is it OK if I smoke?" But，don't be surprised if they say，"No，you can't smoke." In our culture，if you smoke in their homes，you are a bad guest，but if they don't allow you to smoke in their homes，they are not a rude host.
Guests in China also have special habits. Some Western people may not adapt to these habits very soon. Thankfully，my wife is Chinese，so whenever we visit a Chinese family，she tells me to buy them a gift. However，giving a gift to a host is not always necessary in my country. So，if you invite international guests to your home，don't be too surprised if they don't bring you a gift. In China，you probably won't need to change the guest-host relationship very much because you will probably only be the host，and Chinese are naturally very good hosts. If Western hosts invite you to their houses，try not to be too surprised if their styles of treating you are not what you have expected.
(
C
) 11. If the writer's guests want to smoke in his house，what will he probably say?A. It's OK if you smoke here.
B. Let's smoke together.
C. Sorry，you can't smoke here.
D. Smoking is a bad habit.
(
B
) 12. What does the underlined phrase "adapt to" in the last paragraph mean?A. Think back to.
B. Get used to.
C. Look forward to.
D. Keep close to.
(
D
) 13. What can we learn from the passage?A. You feel surprised if your international guests don't bring you a gift to your home.
B. The writer often smokes in his mother's house.
C. You are a bad guest if the North Americans allow you to smoke in their houses.
D. Guests are almost like gods in China.
(
D
) 14. What is the main idea of this passage?A. Foreigners should learn from Chinese.
B. Hosts must do things in the guest's way.
C. Western hosts are always nice to guests.
D. People should understand cultural differences.
答案
11—14. CBDD
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要对比了中西方客主关系的文化差异，说明不同文化下做客、待客的不同规则，最终强调应理解这种文化差异。
11. C【思路点拨】细节推理题。根据第三段“Usually, I will stop them directly”可知，如果有客人在自家抽烟，作者大概率会直接拒绝客人抽烟。故选 C。
12. B【思路点拨】词义猜测题。根据最后一段可知，中国客人有特殊习惯，部分西方人难以快速适应。故选 B。
13. D【思路点拨】细节理解题。根据第二段“In China, guests are almost like gods”可知，中国有客人如神的待客理念。故选 D。
14. D【思路点拨】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要围绕中西方客主关系及待客、做客习惯的文化差异展开，强调应理解这种文化差异。故选 D。
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要对比了中西方客主关系的文化差异，说明不同文化下做客、待客的不同规则，最终强调应理解这种文化差异。
11. C【思路点拨】细节推理题。根据第三段“Usually, I will stop them directly”可知，如果有客人在自家抽烟，作者大概率会直接拒绝客人抽烟。故选 C。
12. B【思路点拨】词义猜测题。根据最后一段可知，中国客人有特殊习惯，部分西方人难以快速适应。故选 B。
13. D【思路点拨】细节理解题。根据第二段“In China, guests are almost like gods”可知，中国有客人如神的待客理念。故选 D。
14. D【思路点拨】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要围绕中西方客主关系及待客、做客习惯的文化差异展开，强调应理解这种文化差异。故选 D。
解析
【分析】
1. 第11题：这是细节推理题，解题时需定位到原文第三段找到作者对待客人在自家抽烟的态度描述，根据“Usually, I will stop them directly”和西方家庭对抽烟的规则，推理出作者会直接拒绝客人抽烟的请求。
2. 第12题：这是词义猜测题，要结合上下文语境，前文提到中国客人有特殊习惯，后文说作者妻子是中国人会提醒他带礼物，而西方没有这个习惯，所以可推断出部分西方人难以快速“适应”这些习惯，从而猜测出短语含义。
3. 第13题：这是细节理解题，需要逐一核对选项与原文内容，找到第二段明确提到的“In China, guests are almost like gods”来确定正确选项，排除其他不符合原文的选项。
4. 第14题：这是主旨大意题，需通读全文，梳理文章核心内容——对比中西方客主关系及待客、做客的文化差异，最终总结出文章强调人们应理解这种文化差异的主旨。
【解析】
11. 细节推理题。根据第三段“Usually，I will stop them directly”以及“In our culture，if you smoke in their homes，you are a bad guest，but if they don't allow you to smoke in their homes，they are not a rude host.”可知，作者作为不抽烟的西方人，会直接阻止客人在自家抽烟，所以他可能会说“Sorry，you can't smoke here.”，故选C。
12. 词义猜测题。根据最后一段“Some Western people may not adapt to these habits very soon. Thankfully，my wife is Chinese，so whenever we visit a Chinese family，she tells me to buy them a gift. However，giving a gift to a host is not always necessary in my country.”可知，中国客人有带礼物的特殊习惯，而西方没有，所以部分西方人难以快速习惯这些习惯，“adapt to”意为“Get used to（适应）”，故选B。
13. 细节理解题。根据第二段“In China，guests are almost like gods.”可知，在中国客人几乎像上帝一样，D选项表述正确；A选项与原文“don't be too surprised if they don't bring you a gift”不符；B选项原文未提及作者在岳母家抽烟；C选项与原文“if you smoke in their homes，you are a bad guest”不符，故选D。
14. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章通过对比中西方待客、做客的不同习惯和客主关系，说明不同文化下的差异，最终强调人们应该理解这种文化差异，故选D。
【答案】
11—14. CBDD
【知识点】
细节理解题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题
【点评】
本文通过对比中西方客主关系及待客、做客的文化差异，帮助读者了解不同文化下的社交规则。解答此类阅读理解题时，需精准定位原文细节，结合语境猜测词义，通读全文把握主旨，注重对文化差异的理解。
【难度系数】
0.6
1. 第11题：这是细节推理题，解题时需定位到原文第三段找到作者对待客人在自家抽烟的态度描述，根据“Usually, I will stop them directly”和西方家庭对抽烟的规则，推理出作者会直接拒绝客人抽烟的请求。
2. 第12题：这是词义猜测题，要结合上下文语境，前文提到中国客人有特殊习惯，后文说作者妻子是中国人会提醒他带礼物，而西方没有这个习惯，所以可推断出部分西方人难以快速“适应”这些习惯，从而猜测出短语含义。
3. 第13题：这是细节理解题，需要逐一核对选项与原文内容，找到第二段明确提到的“In China, guests are almost like gods”来确定正确选项，排除其他不符合原文的选项。
4. 第14题：这是主旨大意题，需通读全文，梳理文章核心内容——对比中西方客主关系及待客、做客的文化差异，最终总结出文章强调人们应理解这种文化差异的主旨。
【解析】
11. 细节推理题。根据第三段“Usually，I will stop them directly”以及“In our culture，if you smoke in their homes，you are a bad guest，but if they don't allow you to smoke in their homes，they are not a rude host.”可知，作者作为不抽烟的西方人，会直接阻止客人在自家抽烟，所以他可能会说“Sorry，you can't smoke here.”，故选C。
12. 词义猜测题。根据最后一段“Some Western people may not adapt to these habits very soon. Thankfully，my wife is Chinese，so whenever we visit a Chinese family，she tells me to buy them a gift. However，giving a gift to a host is not always necessary in my country.”可知，中国客人有带礼物的特殊习惯，而西方没有，所以部分西方人难以快速习惯这些习惯，“adapt to”意为“Get used to（适应）”，故选B。
13. 细节理解题。根据第二段“In China，guests are almost like gods.”可知，在中国客人几乎像上帝一样，D选项表述正确；A选项与原文“don't be too surprised if they don't bring you a gift”不符；B选项原文未提及作者在岳母家抽烟；C选项与原文“if you smoke in their homes，you are a bad guest”不符，故选D。
14. 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章通过对比中西方待客、做客的不同习惯和客主关系，说明不同文化下的差异，最终强调人们应该理解这种文化差异，故选D。
【答案】
11—14. CBDD
【知识点】
细节理解题、词义猜测题、主旨大意题
【点评】
本文通过对比中西方客主关系及待客、做客的文化差异，帮助读者了解不同文化下的社交规则。解答此类阅读理解题时，需精准定位原文细节，结合语境猜测词义，通读全文把握主旨，注重对文化差异的理解。
【难度系数】
0.6
